View source for Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Llanstephan

{{Short description|Anglo-Norman nobleman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{Infobox noble
| name = '''Maurice FitzGerald'''
| CoA = [[File:FitzGerald arms.svg|35px]]
| tenure =
| predecessor =
| title = Lord of [[Maynooth]], [[Naas]], and [[Llansteffan|Llanstephan]]
| image_size =
| image = Maurice FitzGerald, Lord Lanstephan.jpg
| caption = A drawing of Maurice FitzGerald from a manuscript of the ''Expugnatio Hibernica'', an account of the 1169 invasion of Ireland written in 1189 by Maurice's nephew, [[Gerald of Wales]]
| parents = [[Gerald de Windsor|Gerald FitzWalter]]<br/>[[Nest ferch Rhys]]
| spouse = Alice de Montgomery
| issue = [[Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald|Thomas FitzMaurice]]<br/> [[Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly|Gerald FitzMaurice]] <br/> William FitzMaurice <br/> Maurice FitzMaurice<br/>Alexander FitzMaurice <br/>Robert FitzMaurice <br/>Nesta FitzMaurice
| birth_date = c.1105
| birth_place = [[Carew, Pembrokeshire]], Wales
| death_date = 1 September 1176
| death_place = Wexford, Ireland
| resting_place =
| death_cause =
| nationality = [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]]
| wars_and_battles = [[Siege of Wexford (1169)]] <br/> [[Battle of Crug Mawr]]<br/>[[Norman Invasion of Ireland]]
| successor =
| known_for =
}}
'''Maurice FitzGerald''', (c. 1105{{Efn|He was born almost certainly not at Windsor Castle, more likely Carew in Wales}} – c. September 1176) was Lord of [[Maynooth]], [[Naas]], and [[Llanstephan]].<ref>[http://www.geneajourney.com/fzgerld.html FitzGerald]</ref> He was a medieval [[Anglo-Normans|Anglo-Norman]] baron and a major figure in the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman Invasion]] of Ireland.<ref name=Cokayne>[[#C3|Cokayne 1890]]</ref>
==Wars in Wales and Ireland==
[[File:Llansteffan Castle Llansteffan.jpg|thumb|left|Llanstephan Castle]]
A Welsh [[Marcher Lord]], Lord Llanstephan had fought alongside his older brother William FitzGerald, and half-brother [[Robert FitzStephen]], constable of [[Cardigan, Ceredigion|Cardigan]], under [[Robert FitzMartin]] at the [[Battle of Crug Mawr]] in [[Wales]] in 1136.
[[Llansteffan Castle]] overlooks the River Tywi estuary where it enters Carmarthen Bay. It was captured by [[Maredudd ap Gruffydd]] in 1146 against the forces of Maurice FitzGerald and his brother William, Lord of Emlyn who were the leading Norman settlers of the region.  The castle was retaken by the Normans in 1158.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lloyd|first1=Thomas|last2=Orbach|first2=Julian|last3=Scourfield|first3=Robert|title=Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion|year=2006|publisher=Yale University Press|location=London|isbn=0-300-10179-1|pages=331–332|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEkcJb2lHx8C&pg=PA331}}</ref>
[[Diarmait Mac Murchada]] (Dermot MacMurrough), the deposed [[Kings of Leinster|King of Leinster]] who had been exiled by the [[High King of Ireland]], sought [[Cambro-Norman]] assistance to regain his throne. Lord Llanstephan participated in the resulting 1169 [[Norman invasion of Ireland]].  He assisted his younger half-brother Robert Fitz-Stephen in the [[Siege of Wexford (1169)]]. His nephew [[Raymond FitzGerald|Raymond]] was [[Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke|Strongbow's]] second-in-command and had the chief share both in the capture of [[Waterford]] and in the successful assault on [[Dublin]] in 1171. Lord Lanstephan and his sons the [[FitzMaurice]]s also fought in this battle.<ref name=Cokayne/>
==Marriage and issue==
'''Maurice FitzGerald, Lord Llanstephan''' is known to have married Alice de Montgomery, a daughter of [[Arnulf of Montgomery|Arnulf de Montgomery]].<ref>Weis, Frederick Lewis. ''Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700''. Eighth ed. (2008), p. 169. Line 178-3.</ref> It has been asserted by eminent authorities that Arnulf left, by his wife, Lafracoth, a daughter, Alice, and that she was later the wife of Maurice FitzGerald, son of [[Gerald de Windsor|Gerald FitzWalter (Gerald of Windsor)]].  By Maurice, one of the first conquerors of Ireland, who died in 1176, she was the mother of Gerald (died 1205), who laid the fortunes of the FitzGeralds of Kildare.  (Even Curtis - referenced below - says he can't find a source for Alice and, on the whole, she seems a)unlikely to have existed and b)impossible for Maurice to have met.) Alice herself was living in 1171, and was then in Ireland with her husband and sons.<ref>Curtis, E. "Murchertach O'Brien, High King of Ireland, and His Norman Son-in-Law, Arnulf De Montgomery, circa 1100". ''The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland'', vol. 11, no. 2, (1921), pp. 123-124.</ref> Maurice FitzGerald, by his wife Alice, had the following children:
:* [[Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald|Thomas FitzMaurice]], Lord OConnello (d.1213)
:* [[Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly]] (b.1150, d.1204)
:*  William FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Naas (d.1199)
:* Maurice FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Kiltrany
:* Alexander FitzMaurice
:* Robert FitzMaurice
:* Nesta FitzMaurice (m.[[Hervey de Montmorenci]], [[Constable of England]])
'''Lord Llanstephan's''' second eldest son [[Gerald FitzMaurice, 1st Lord of Offaly|Gerald FitzMaurice]], the 1st Lord of Offaly was the progenitor of the [[Fitzgerald (surname)|FitzGerald]] and [[FitzMaurice]] [[Earl of Kildare|Earls of Kildare]] and [[Dukes of Leinster]].
The original [[Earl of Desmond|Earldom of Desmond]] in the [[Provinces of Ireland|province]] of [[Munster]] was based on landholdings belonging to the descendants of Maurice's eldest son [[Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald|Thomas FitzMaurice, Lord OConnello]]. Thomas's son [[John FitzGerald, 1st Baron Desmond|John FitzMaurice FitzThomas]], who was killed in the [[Battle of Callann]], became the 1st [[Baron Desmond]]. Others from this line include the [[Knights of Glin]] and [[Knights of Kerry]].{{sfn|Round|1911|p=443}}
==Ancestry==
'''Maurice FitzGerald, Lord Llanstephan'''  was the second eldest son of [[Gerald de Windsor|Gerald FitzWalter]] known as Gerald de Windsor, Constable of [[Pembroke Castle|Pembroke]] by his wife, [[Nest ferch Rhys]], Princess of [[Deheubarth]] and a member of the [[Wales|Welsh]] royal [[House of Dinefwr]].
{{Ahnentafel
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|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
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|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= '''Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Llanstephan'''
|2= [[Gerald de Windsor]], Constable of [[Pembroke Castle]]
|3= [[Nest ferch Rhys]], Princess of [[Deheubarth]]
|4= [[Walter FitzOther]]
|5= Beatrice
|6= [[Rhys ap Tewdwr]] of the [[House of Dinefwr]], King of [[Deheubarth]]
|7= Gwladys ferch [[Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn|Rhiwallon]] of [[Powys]]
|8= Otho
|9=
|10=
|11=
|12= Tewdwr ap Cadell
|13=
|14= [[Rhiwallon ap Cynfyn]] of [[Powys]]
|15=
}}
== Notes ==
<references group="lower-alpha" />
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Citations==
*{{citation |last=Chandler |first=Victoria |title=The last of the Montgomerys: Roger the Poitevin and Arnulf |journal=[[Historical Research]] |year=1989 |volume=62 |issue=147 |pages=1&ndash;14 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-2281.1989.tb01075.x |ref=C1 }}.
*{{citation| editor-last=Cokayne| editor-first=George Edward| editor-link=George Cokayne
| year=1890| title=Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant (D to F)
| volume=3| edition=1st| page=358| location=London| publisher=George Bell & Sons
| url=http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/FH18,38054
| accessdate=27 December 2011
|ref=C3}}
*{{citation |last=Curtis |first=Edmund |author-link=Edmund Curtis |title=Murchertach O'Brien, high king of Ireland, and his Norman son-in-law, Arnulf de Mont-Gomery, circa 1100 |journal=[[The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland]] |volume=11 |series=6 |issue=2 |year=1921 |pages=116–124 |jstor=25513221 |ref=C2 }}.
*{{citation |last=Fitzgerald |first=Charles William |author-link=Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster |title=The earls of Kildare, and their ancestors |edition=2nd |year=1858 |publisher=Hodges, Smith, & Company |url=https://archive.org/details/earlsofkildareth00leinuoft |ref=F3 }}.
*{{citation |last=Graves |first=James |author-link=James Graves (antiquarian) |title=No. 2. the earls of Desmond |journal=[[The Journal of the Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland]] |volume=1 |number=2 |series=3 |year=1869 |pages=459&ndash;498 |jstor=25497799 |ref=G2 }}.
*{{citation |editor-last=Paul |editor-first=James Balfour |editor-link=James Balfour Paul |title=The Scots peerage |volume=3 |publisher=David Douglas |year=1906 |url=https://archive.org/details/scotspeeragefou02paulgoog |ref=P2 }}.
* {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Fitzgerald|display=Fitzgerald|volume=10|pages=441–443|first=John Horace|last=Round|author-link=J. Horace Round}}
*{{cite ODNB |last=Thompson |first=Kathleen |contribution=Montgomery, Arnulf de (c.1066&ndash;1118x22) |title=[[Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]] |year=2004 |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/696 |ref=T1 }}<!--|accessdate=27 September 2011 -->. {{ODNBsub}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:FitzGerald, Maurice}}
[[Category:1100s births]]
[[Category:1176 deaths]]
[[Category:12th-century English nobility]]
[[Category:12th-century Normans]]
[[Category:Anglo-Normans]]
[[Category:Normans in Ireland]]
[[Category:Anglo-Normans in Wales]]
[[Category:Norman warriors]]
[[Category:People from Pembrokeshire]]
[[Category:FitzGerald dynasty|Maurice]]
[[Category:12th-century Welsh nobility]]