View source for Mazda

{{short description|Japanese multinational automaker}}
{{About|the car manufacturer|the Zoroastrian deity|Ahura Mazda|other uses}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Mazda Motor Corporation
| native_name = マツダ株式会社
| native_name_lang = ja
| romanized_name = ''Matsuda [[Kabushiki Gaisha]]''
| logo = Mazda_logo_with_emblem.svg
| logo_size = 100px
| image = Mazda head office 20200607.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| image_caption = Headquarters in [[Fuchū, Hiroshima (town)|Fuchū, Japan]] (2020)
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{Tyo|7261}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1920|1|30}}
| founder = [[Jujiro Matsuda]]
| location = 3-1 Shinchi, [[Fuchū, Hiroshima (town)|Fuchū]], [[Hiroshima Prefecture|Hiroshima]], Japan
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{unbulleted list
| Kiyotaka Shobuda ([[chairman]] & [[Representative Director (Japan)|Representative Director]])
| Masahiro Moro ([[President (corporate title)|president]], [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] & Representative Director)
}}
| industry = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| num_employees = 48,750 (2022)<ref name="Mazda Integrated Report 2022">{{cite web|url=https://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/annual/files/ir2022e_all.pdf|title=Mazda Integrated Report 2022|access-date=July 14, 2023|archive-date=April 6, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406044758/https://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/annual/files/ir2022e_all.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| owners = {{unbulleted list
| [[The Master Trust Bank of Japan]] (15.4%)
| [[Custody Bank of Japan Ltd.]] (5.9%)
| [[Toyota|Toyota Motor Corporation]] (5.1%)<ref name="Stock Information">{{cite web|url=https://www.mazda.com/en/investors/stockinfo/situation|title=Stock Information|access-date=July 8, 2024|archive-date=July 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715011222/https://www.mazda.com/en/investors/stockinfo/situation|url-status=live}}</ref>
}}
| products = [[Motor vehicle]]s, [[List of Mazda engines|engines]]
| production = {{increase}} 1.135 million vehicles (FY 2023)<ref name="FINANCIAL RESULTS FOR FY MARCH 2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/result/files/presentation20230512_e.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715011220/https://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/result/files/presentation20230512_e.pdf|url-status=live|title=FINANCIAL RESULTS FOR FY MARCH 2023|archive-date=July 15, 2023|access-date=July 14, 2023| work=mazda.com}}</ref>
| revenue = {{increase}} {{yen|3.8&nbsp;trillion}} (FY 2023)<ref name="Consolidated Financial Results
For the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/result/files/result20230512_e.pdf|title=Consolidated Financial Results|access-date=July 14, 2023|work=mazda.com/en/investors|archive-date=July 15, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715011231/https://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/result/files/result20230512_e.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} {{yen|142&nbsp;billion}} (FY 2023)<ref name="Consolidated Financial Results
For the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2023" />
| net_income = {{increase}} {{yen|143&nbsp;billion}} (FY 2023)<ref name="Consolidated Financial Results
For the Fiscal Year Ended March 31, 2023" />
| homepage = {{URL|https://www.mazda.com/|mazda.com}}
}}
{{Nihongo|'''Mazda Motor Corporation'''|マツダ株式会社|Matsuda [[Kabushiki gaisha]]}}, also known as simply '''Mazda''', is a Japanese [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[automotive]] manufacturer headquartered in [[Fuchū, Hiroshima (town)|Fuchū]], [[Hiroshima Prefecture|Hiroshima]], Japan.<ref>"[http://www.mazda.com/profile/group/offices.html Offices] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007211654/http://www.mazda.com/profile/group/offices.html |date=October 7, 2009 }}." Mazda. Retrieved on October 29, 2009.</ref> The company was founded on January 30, 1920, as Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd., a cork-making factory, by [[Jujiro Matsuda]].<ref name="History.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/japans-mazda-founded |title=Japan's Mazda founded |website=[[History (American TV network)|History]] |access-date=May 1, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308014023/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/japans-mazda-founded|archive-date=March 8, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Mazda fête son centenaire en 2020 |url=https://www.largus.fr/actualite-automobile/mazda-fete-son-centenaire-en-2020-10227396.html |newspaper=L'argus |location=France |language=French |access-date=March 15, 2024 |archive-date=April 9, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409000332/https://www.largus.fr/actualite-automobile/mazda-fete-son-centenaire-en-2020-10227396.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The company then acquired Abemaki Tree Cork Company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mazda, un peu d'histoire |url=https://www.guideautoweb.com/articles/179/mazda-un-peu-d-histoire/ |website=guide auto web |date=January 10, 2008 |access-date=March 15, 2024 |archive-date=March 15, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315231611/https://www.guideautoweb.com/articles/179/mazda-un-peu-d-histoire/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It changed its name to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1927 and started producing vehicles in 1931.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mazda.com/en/about/museum/history/1931-1945/ |title=History of Mazda 1931-1945 |publisher=Mazda |access-date=April 27, 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
Mazda is known for its innovative technologies, such as the [[Wankel engine]], the [[SkyActiv]] platform, and the Kodo Design language. It also has a long history of motorsport involvement, winning the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] in 1991 with the rotary-powered [[Mazda 787B]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mazda.com/en/about/museum/history/1991-2000/ |title=History of Mazda 1991-2000 |publisher=Mazda |access-date=April 27, 2023 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In the past and present, Mazda has been engaged in alliances with other automakers. From 1974 until the late 2000s, [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] was a major shareholder of Mazda. Other partnerships include [[Toyota]], [[Nissan]], [[Isuzu]], [[Suzuki]] and [[Kia]]. In 2023, it produced 1.1&nbsp;million vehicles globally.<ref name="FINANCIAL RESULTS FOR FY MARCH 2023" />
The name Mazda was derived from [[Ahura Mazda]], the god of harmony, intelligence and wisdom in [[Zoroastrianism]], as well as from the surname of the founder, [[Matsuda]].<ref name="ahuramazda">{{Cite web |title=MAZDA: A Story Behind the Name of "Mazda" {{!}} We are Mazda |url=https://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/mazda-stories/mazda/behind/ |access-date=2024-02-21 |website=www.mazda.com |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224053216/https://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/mazda-stories/mazda/behind/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== History ==
{{more citations needed section|date=April 2017}}
=== Creation ===
{{multiple image
| align             = left
| total_width       = 450
| image1            = Mazdalogo1936.jpg
| caption1          = The first registered corporate logo, which appeared on three-wheel trucks in 1936
| image2            = Mazdalogo1936-tripleM.jpg
| caption2          = The first stylized branding. The three mountains (representing Hiroshima) also form the [[Latin alphabet]] letter M, which is duplicated three times for "Mazda Motor Manufacturer". The long side extensions represent wings for agility and speed.
}}
Mazda began as the Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd, as a [[cork (plug)|cork]]-making factory founded in [[Hiroshima]], Japan, January 30, 1920.<ref name="History.com"/> Toyo Cork Kogyo renamed itself to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1927. In the late 1920s the company had to be saved from bankruptcy by Hiroshima Saving Bank and other business leaders in Hiroshima.<ref>Corporate Financing and Governance in Japan: The Road to the Future, page 153, By Takeo Hoshi, Anil Kashyap</ref>
In 1931, Toyo Kogyo moved from manufacturing machine tools to vehicles with the introduction of the [[Mazda-Go]] [[auto rickshaw]]. The name ''Mazda'' came into existence with the production of the company's first three-wheeled trucks. Other candidates for a model name included ''Sumera-Go'', ''Tenshi-Go'', and more.<ref>{{cite web|title=GREAT CARS OF MAZDA|url=http://www2.mazda.com/en/stories/craftmanship/greatcar/p1.html|access-date=October 8, 2017|archive-date=November 12, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112083626/http://www2.mazda.com/en/stories/craftmanship/greatcar/p1.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Officially, the company states:
{{Blockquote
| Mazda comes from [[Ahura Mazda]], the god of harmony, intelligence and wisdom from the [[History of Iran|earliest civilization in West Asia]]. Key members of Toyo Kogyo interpreted Mazda as a symbol of the beginning of the East and the West civilization, but also a symbol of the automotive civilization and culture."<ref>{{cite web |title=A Story Behind the Name of 'Mazda' |url=http://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/mazda-stories/mazda/behind/ |access-date=April 11, 2022 |archive-date=October 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030131230/http://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/mazda-stories/mazda/behind/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
The company's website further notes that the name also derives from the name of the company's founder, [[Jujiro Matsuda]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/stories/greatcar/mazda-go/|title=MAZDA: Mazda-Go 3-wheeled trucks|website=www.mazda.com|access-date=April 16, 2019|archive-date=February 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209124028/https://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/stories/greatcar/mazda-go/|url-status=live}}</ref> The alternative proposed names mean "god" (''Sumera'') and "angel" (''Tenshi''); both indicate Matsuda's strong interest in human faith.<ref name=Globe>{{citation | title = The Globe: In Search of the Origins of Mazda | date = January 30, 1990 | publisher = Mazda Motor Corporation | page = 73 }}</ref>
The Mazda lettering was used in combination with the corporate emblem of [[Mitsubishi Motors]], which was responsible for sales, to produce the Toyo Kogyo three-wheeled truck registered trademark.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Story Behind the Name of "Mazda"|url=http://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/mazda-stories/mazda/behind/|access-date=November 9, 2018|archive-date=October 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030131230/http://www.mazda.com/en/innovation/mazda-stories/mazda/behind/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Toyo Kogyo produced weapons for the Japanese military throughout the Second World War, most notably the series 30 through 35 [[Type 99 rifle]]. The company formally adopted the Mazda name in 1984, though every automobile sold from the beginning bore that name. The [[Mazda R360]] was introduced in 1960, followed by the [[Mazda Carol]] in 1962 and were sold at a specific retail dealership that sold passenger cars called "Mazda Auto Store" whereas commercial products were sold at "Mazda Store". As Mazda continued to offer passenger cars like the [[Mazda Savanna|Savanna]], [[Mazda Familia|Familia]], [[Mazda Luce|Luce]], [[Mazda Cosmo|Cosmo]] and [[Mazda Capella|Capella]], they were added to the "Mazda Auto Store" network only.<ref>{{cite web |title=Development of domestic 5-channel system and management crisis [Mazda 100-year history, 25th, Chapter 7 Part 3] |url=https://clicccar.com/2020/07/25/993028/ |website=Cliccar.com |date=July 25, 2020 |publisher=Cliccar |access-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-date=November 11, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111225603/https://clicccar.com/2020/07/25/993028/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Wankel engine adoption ===
[[File:Mazda cosmo sport.jpg|thumb|[[Mazda Cosmo]] Sport]]
[[file:1960 Mazda M badge.svg|thumb|left|Symbol and corporate mark as seen on most Mazda cars from the [[Mazda R360]] until 1975]]
Beginning in the 1960s, Mazda was inspired by the [[NSU Ro 80]] and decided to put a major engineering effort into development of the [[Wankel engine|Wankel rotary engine]] as a way of differentiating itself from other Japanese auto companies. The company formed a business relationship with German company [[NSU Motorenwerke AG|NSU]] and began with the limited-production [[Mazda Cosmo|Cosmo Sport]] of 1967, and continuing to the present day with the [[Pro Mazda Championship]], Mazda has become the sole manufacturer of Wankel-type engines for the automotive market, mainly by way of attrition. (NSU and [[Citroën]] both gave up on the design during the 1970s, and prototype Corvette efforts by [[General Motors]] never made it to production.)
This effort to bring attention to itself apparently helped, as Mazda rapidly began to export its vehicles. Both [[reciprocating engine|piston-powered]] and rotary-powered models made their way around the world. The rotary models quickly became popular for their combination of good power and light weight when compared to piston-engined competitors that required heavier [[V6 engine|V6]] or [[V8 engine|V8]] engines to produce the same power. The [[Mazda R100|R100]] and the RX series ([[Mazda RX-2|RX-2]], [[Mazda RX-3|RX-3]], and [[Mazda RX-4|RX-4]]) led the company's export efforts.
During 1968, Mazda started formal operations in Canada (MazdaCanada) although Mazdas were seen in Canada as early as 1959. In 1970, Mazda formally entered the American market ([[Mazda North American Operations]]) and was very successful there, going so far as to create the [[Mazda Rotary Pickup]] (based on the conventional piston-powered [[Mazda B-Series (International)|B-Series]] model) solely for North American buyers. To this day, Mazda remains the only automaker to have produced a Wankel-powered pickup truck. Additionally, it is also the only brand to have ever offered a rotary-powered bus (the Mazda Parkway, offered only in Japan) or station wagon (within the [[Mazda RX-3|RX-3]] and RX-4 lines for certain markets). After nine years of development, Mazda finally launched its new model in the U.S. in 1970.<ref>Asian Firms: History, Institutions and Management, page 24, By Frank B. Tipton</ref>
Mazda's rotary success continued until the onset of the [[1973 oil crisis]]. As American buyers (as well as those in other nations) quickly turned to vehicles with better fuel efficiency, the relatively thirsty rotary-powered models began to fall out of favor. Combined with being the least-efficient automaker in Japan (in terms of productivity), inability to adjust to excess inventory and over-reliance on the U.S. market, the company suffered a huge loss in 1975.<ref>Corporate Financing and Governance in Japan: The Road to the Future, page 153 By Takeo Hoshi, Anil Kashyap</ref><ref>Asian Firms: History, Institutions and Management, page 24, by Frank B. Tipton</ref> An already heavily indebted Toyo Kogyo was on the verge of bankruptcy and was only saved through the intervention of Sumitomo keiretsu group, namely [[Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation|Sumitomo Bank]], and the company's subcontractors and distributors.<ref>{{citation | title = Driving a Bargain: Automobile Industrialization and Japanese Firms in Southeast Asia | last = Doner | first = Richard F. | publisher = University of California | location = Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Oxford | page = [https://archive.org/details/drivingbargainau0000done/page/294 294] | year = 1991 | isbn = 0-520-06938-2 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/drivingbargainau0000done/page/294 }}</ref><ref>Between MITI and the Market: Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology, page 139 By Daniel I. Okimoto</ref> However, the company had not totally turned its back on piston engines, as it continued to produce a variety of four-cylinder models throughout the 1970s. The smaller [[Mazda Familia|Familia]] line in particular became very important to Mazda's worldwide sales after 1973, as did the somewhat larger [[Mazda Capella|Capella]] series.
[[File:Mazda-rx7-1st-generation01.jpg|thumb|Mazda RX-7 (first generation)]]
Mazda refocused its efforts and made the rotary engine a choice for the sporting motorist rather than a mainstream powerplant. Starting with the lightweight [[Mazda RX-7|RX-7]] in 1978 and continuing with the modern [[Mazda RX-8|RX-8]], Mazda has continued its dedication to this unique powerplant. This switch in focus also resulted in the development of another lightweight sports car, the piston-powered [[Mazda MX-5|Mazda MX-5 Miata]] (sold as the Eunos and later Mazda Roadster in Japan), inspired by the concept '[[jinba ittai]]'. Introduced in 1989 to worldwide acclaim, the Roadster has been widely credited with reviving the concept of the small sports car after its decline in the late 1970s.
=== Partnership with Ford ===
From 1974 to 2015, Mazda had a partnership with the [[Ford Motor Company]], which acquired a 24.5% stake in 1979, upped to a 33.4% ownership of Mazda in May 1995.<ref name=mzinfo>{{cite web | url = http://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/annual/files/ar17_19e.pdf | title = Mazda Annual Report 2017 | page = 59 | publisher = Mazda Motor Corporation | access-date = January 20, 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180121071250/http://www.mazda.com/globalassets/en/assets/investors/library/annual/files/ar17_19e.pdf | archive-date = January 21, 2018 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref> Under the administration of [[Alan Mulally]], Ford gradually divested its stake in Mazda from 2008 to 2015, with Ford holding 2.1% of Mazda stock as of 2014<ref>[http://www.mazda.com/investors/stockinfo/situation.html Stock and Bond Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811231804/http://www.mazda.com/investors/stockinfo/situation.html |date=August 11, 2014 }}, Mazda, March 31, 2014</ref> and severing most production as well as development ties.
[[File:2007 Mazda CX-9 -- NHTSA.jpg|thumb|From 2007 to 2015, Mazda used the [[Ford Cyclone engine|3.5&nbsp;L MZI Ford Cyclone Engine]] in Mazda CX-9 models.]]
This partnership with Ford began owing to Mazda's financial difficulties during the 1960s. Starting in 1979 by expanding their 7&nbsp;percent financial stake to 24.5%, Ford expanded an existing partnership with Mazda, resulting in various joint projects. The cooperation had begun in 1971 when the [[Mazda B-Series]] spawned a Ford Courier variant for North America, a version which was later offered in other markets as well. Mazda's [[Mazda Bongo|Bongo]] and [[Mazda Titan|Titan]] cab-over trucks were sold with Ford badging in mainly Asia and the Pacific region beginning in 1976.<ref name=annual80>{{citation | title = Mazda Annual Report 1980 | publisher = Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. | location = Hiroshima, Japan | page = 3 | date = March 1981 }}</ref> These included large and small efforts in all areas of the automotive landscape, most notably in the realm of pickup trucks and smaller cars. Mazda began supplying manual transaxles to Ford in the spring of 1980.<ref name=annual80/> Mazda's [[Mazda Familia|Familia]] platform was used for Ford models like the [[Ford Laser|Laser]] and [[Ford Escort (North America)|Escort]] beginning in 1980, while the [[Mazda Capella|Capella]] architecture found its way into Ford's [[Ford Telstar|Telstar]] sedan and [[Ford Probe|Probe]] sports models.
During the 1980s, Ford-badged Mazda products replaced much of their own European-sourced lineup, especially in the Asia-Pacific markets, with the Laser replacing the [[Ford Escort (Europe)|Escort]]<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5OoxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mJIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3080%2C4077082 "Family tree bears fruit"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408193341/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5OoxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mJIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3080,4077082 |date=April 8, 2023 }}, Christopher de Fraga,''[[The Age]]'', June 1, 1984, page 18</ref> and the Telstar replacing the [[Ford Cortina|Cortina]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gi5VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=npQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5279%2C6011618 "Telstar should keep Ford on top"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408193341/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=gi5VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=npQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5279,6011618 |date=April 8, 2023 }}, Christopher de Fraga,''[[The Age]]'', June 14, 1983, page 18</ref> In some cases, such as [[New Zealand]] and [[South Africa]], these were assembled alongside their Mazda-badged equivalents, the Mazda 323 (Familia) and 626 (Capella).
Following the closure of its own assembly plant in New Zealand, Mazda established a joint venture with [[Ford New Zealand]] known as Vehicle Assemblers of New Zealand (VANZ), while in South Africa, Ford's local subsidiary merged with [[Sigma Motor Corporation]], which already assembled Mazdas in the country, to form [[Samcor]], although the sharing of models proved unpopular with both Ford and Mazda customers.<ref>{{cite magazine | url = http://www.carmag.co.za/news_post/ford-mazda-zoom-apart/ | title = Ford, Mazda Zoom Apart | magazine = CAR | location = South Africa | date = September 1, 2002 | access-date = May 26, 2017 | archive-date = August 1, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170801205218/http://www.carmag.co.za/news_post/ford-mazda-zoom-apart/ | url-status = live }}</ref> In other markets such as Australia, however, the 323 and 626 were always fully imported, with only the Laser and Telstar assembled locally.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5OoxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mJIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3080%2C4077082 Australia Welcomes The 'new' Migrants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230408193341/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5OoxAAAAIBAJ&sjid=mJIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3080,4077082 |date=April 8, 2023 }}, ''[[The Age]]'', June 16, 1986, page 43</ref> In Japan, the Laser and Telstar were also sold alongside their Mazda-badged brethren, but the Festiva was not sold as a Mazda 121 on the Japanese market.
In North America, the Probe was built in a new Mazda company plant in [[Flat Rock, Michigan]], along with the mainstream 626 sedan and a companion [[Mazda MX-6]] sports coupe. Ford also lent Mazda some of its capacity when needed: the [[Mazda 121]] sold in Europe and South Africa was, for a time, a variant of the [[Ford Fiesta]] built in plants in Europe and South Africa. Mazda also made an effort in the past to sell some of Ford's cars in Japan, mainly through its Autorama dealer group.
{{multiple image
| align             = left
| total_width       = 450
| image1            = Mazda logo 1991.png
| caption1          = In 1991, Mazda adopted a corporate symbol which was to represent a sun and a flame standing for heartfelt passion. This is commonly referred to in Mazda enthusiast circles as the "cylon" logo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.autotrader.com/car-news/mazda-has-used-four-different-logos-1980s-273154|title=Mazda Has Used Four Different Logos Since the 1980s|access-date=January 30, 2019|archive-date=January 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131041210/https://www.autotrader.com/car-news/mazda-has-used-four-different-logos-1980s-273154|url-status=live}}</ref>
| image2            = Mazda-logo-1992.jpg
| caption2          = Shortly after the release of the new symbol, the design was smoothed out to reduce its similarity to [[Renault]]'s. This is sometimes referred to as the "eternal flame" logo.  It also represented the design of the [[Wankel engine|rotary engine]] that Mazda was famous for.
| image3            = Mazda logo with emblem.svg
| caption3          = The brand symbol, adopted in 1997, with the V-shape wings inside, standing for “growth” and “improvement” and Mazda logo in Mazda blue.<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 21, 2016|title=The Evolution of the Mazda Logo and Brand|url=https://insidemazda.mazdausa.com/the-mazda-way/mazda-spirit/mazda-brand-marks-logotypes-history/|access-date=January 26, 2022|website=Inside Mazda|language=en-US|archive-date=January 26, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126134141/https://insidemazda.mazdausa.com/the-mazda-way/mazda-spirit/mazda-brand-marks-logotypes-history/|url-status=dead}}</ref> A slightly modified version was introduced in 2015.
}}
Mazda also helped Ford develop the 1991 [[Ford Explorer|Explorer]], which Mazda sold as the 2-door only [[Mazda Navajo]] from 1991 through 1994. However, Mazda's version was unsuccessful, while the Ford (available from the start as a 4-door or 2-door model) instantly became the best-selling sport-utility vehicle in the United States and kept that title for over a decade.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/classic-cars/a1693151/rare-anywhere-mazda-navajo/ |title=Rare anywhere: Mazda Navajo |first=Jay |last=Ramey |work=Auto Week |location=US |date=March 15, 2018 |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 19, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019222050/https://www.autoweek.com/car-life/classic-cars/a1693151/rare-anywhere-mazda-navajo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mazda has used Ford's [[Ford Ranger|Ranger]] pickup as the basis for its North American–market [[Mazda B-Series (North America)|B-Series]] trucks, starting in 1994 and continuing through 2010, when Mazda discontinued the B-Series trucks to North America.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rumors.automobilemag.com/6583065/news/mazda-kills-b-series-pickup/index.html |title=Mazda Kills B-Series Pickup |publisher=Automobile Magazine |date=September 16, 2009 |access-date=June 28, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100630144425/http://rumors.automobilemag.com/6583065/news/mazda-kills-b-series-pickup/index.html |archive-date=June 30, 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Eunos 800 001.JPG|thumb|[[Mazda Millenia]]]]
Following its long-held fascination with alternative engine technology, Mazda introduced the first [[Miller cycle]] engine for automotive use in the [[Mazda Millenia|Millenia]] luxury sedan of 1995. Though the Millenia (and its Miller-type V6 engine) were discontinued in 2002, the company introduced a much smaller Miller-cycle four-cylinder engine for use in its [[Mazda Demio|Demio]] in 2008.
[[File:2017 Mazda3 Sport Diesel 2.2.jpg|thumb|[[Mazda3]]]]
Further financial difficulties at Mazda during the 1990s ({{citation needed span|date=September  2019|text=partly caused by losses related to the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]]}}) caused Ford to increase its stake to a 33.4-percent [[controlling interest]] in May 1996. In June 1996, Henry Wallace was appointed president, and he set about restructuring Mazda and setting it on a new strategic direction. He laid out a new direction for the brand including the design of the present Mazda marque; he laid out a new product plan to achieve synergies with Ford, and he launched Mazda's digital innovation program to speed up the development of new products. At the same time, he started taking control of overseas distributors, rationalized dealerships and manufacturing facilities, and driving much-needed efficiencies and cost reductions in Mazda's operations. Much of his early work put Mazda back into profitability and laid the foundations for future success. Wallace was succeeded by James Miller in November 1997, followed in December 1999 by Ford executive [[Mark Fields (businessman)|Mark Fields]], who has been credited with expanding Mazda's new product lineup and leading the turnaround during the early 2000s. Ford's increased influence during the 1990s allowed Mazda to claim another distinction in history, having maintained the first foreign-born head of a Japanese car company, Henry Wallace.
=== Divestment by Ford ===
[[File:2018 Mazda6 facelift.jpg|thumb|[[Mazda6]]]]
Amid the world financial crisis in the fall of 2008, reports emerged that Ford was contemplating a sale of its stake in Mazda as a way of [[Process optimization|streamlining]] its [[asset]] base.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20081011/AUTO01/810110432/1148/&source=nletter-business|title=Ford|website=The Detroit News}}{{dead link|date=May 2012}}</ref> ''[[BusinessWeek]]'' explained the alliance between Ford and Mazda has been a very successful one, with Mazda saving perhaps $90&nbsp;million a year in development costs and Ford "several times" that, and that a sale of its stake in Mazda would be a desperate measure.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/autos/autobeat/archives/2008/10/ford_to_sell_ma.html |title=Ford to Sell Mazda? |last=Rowley |first=Ian |date=October 11, 2008 |work=Business Week |access-date=October 12, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014074149/http://www.businessweek.com/autos/autobeat/archives/2008/10/ford_to_sell_ma.html |archive-date=October 14, 2008  }}</ref> On November 18, 2008, Ford announced that it would sell a 20% stake in Mazda, reducing its stake to 13.4%, thus surrendering control of the company, which it held since 1996.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://miscstuff.wordpress.com/2008/11/18/ford-to-dump-mazda-sell-20-stake/ |title=Ford to Sell 20% of stake in Mazda " Stuff going on in the world |publisher=Miscstuff.wordpress.com |date=November 18, 2008 |access-date=May 7, 2009 |archive-date=October 30, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030170413/https://miscstuff.wordpress.com/2008/11/18/ford-to-dump-mazda-sell-20-stake/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ford-sells-controlling-stake-in-mazda/ | date = November 24, 2008 | work = CBS News | title = Ford Sells Controlling Stake in Mazda | last = Henry | first = Jim | access-date = July 3, 2016 | archive-date = August 19, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160819215612/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/ford-sells-controlling-stake-in-mazda/ | url-status = live }}</ref> The following day, Mazda announced that, as part of the deal, it was buying back 6.8% of its shares from Ford for about US$185 million while the rest would be acquired by business partners of the company.<ref>{{cite web |author=Chang-Ran Kim |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ford-mazda-idUSTRE4AH1RU20081118 |title=Ford abandons Mazda control with 20 percent stake sale |work=Reuters |date=November 18, 2008 |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-date=October 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016011443/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/11/18/us-ford-mazda-idUSTRE4AH1RU20081118 |url-status=live }}</ref> It was also reported that Hisakazu Imaki would be stepping down as chief executive, to be replaced by [[Takashi Yamanouchi]].<ref>{{cite journal | title = Ford, Trying to Raise Cash, Sells Stake in Mazda | date = November 18, 2008 | journal = New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/business/worldbusiness/19mazda.html?_r=0 | access-date = February 25, 2017 | archive-date = May 10, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170510080645/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/19/business/worldbusiness/19mazda.html?_r=0 | url-status = live }}</ref> On November 18, 2010, Ford reduced its stake further to 3%, citing the reduction of ownership would allow greater flexibility to pursue growth in emerging markets, and [[Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group]] was believed to become its largest shareholder. Ford and Mazda remained strategic partners through joint ventures and exchanges of technological information.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://corporate.ford.com/news-center/news/press-releases/press-releases-detail/pr-ford-to-change-stake-in-mazda-both-33588|title=Ford to Change Stake in Mazda|publisher=Ford Motor Company|date=November 18, 2010|access-date=March 9, 2011|archive-date=July 11, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711015837/http://corporate.ford.com/news-center/news/press-releases/press-releases-detail/pr-ford-to-change-stake-in-mazda-both-33588|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Taniguchi |first=Takako |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-18/sumitomo-mitsui-financial-says-it-will-become-top-shareholder-in-mazda.html |title=Sumitomo Mitsui To Overtake Ford as Mazda's Top Shareholder, Chairman Says |publisher=Bloomberg |date=October 18, 2010 |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-date=January 7, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140107225224/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-18/sumitomo-mitsui-financial-says-it-will-become-top-shareholder-in-mazda.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Mazda MX-30.jpg|thumb|Mazda's first mass-produced electric car, the [[Mazda MX-30|MX-30]]]]
On September 30, 2015, when Ford's shares had sunk to a little over 2% due to [[stock dilution]], Ford sold its remaining shares in Mazda.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Ford sells remaining stake in Mazda | date = November 13, 2015 | access-date = February 18, 2017 | journal = Nikkei | url = http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Deals/Ford-sells-remaining-stake-in-Mazda | archive-date = February 19, 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170219022256/http://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Deals/Ford-sells-remaining-stake-in-Mazda | url-status = live }}</ref>
=== Post-Ford efforts ===
In 2011, Mazda raised more than 150 billion yen (US$1.9 billion) in a record share sale to replenish capital, as it suffered its biggest annual loss in 11 years. Part of the proceeds were used to build an auto plant in [[Salamanca, Guanajuato|Salamanca]], [[Mexico]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mukai|first1=Anna|last2=Hagiwara|first2=Yuki|title=Mazda's Record Share Sale to Help Boost Capital After Losses|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-03-05/mazda-to-raise-record-1-9b-in-share-sale|website=bloomberg.com|date=March 5, 2012|access-date=September 3, 2015|archive-date=September 4, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904002330/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-03-05/mazda-to-raise-record-1-9b-in-share-sale|url-status=live}}</ref> The Mexican plant was built jointly by the company and [[Sumitomo Corporation]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/mazda-idUSTOE6AS07A20101130 |title=UPDATE 1-Mazda, Sumitomo to build Mexico car plant -Nikkei |work=Reuters |date=November 30, 2010 |access-date=February 4, 2014 |archive-date=November 17, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033057/http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/11/30/mazda-idUSTOE6AS07A20101130 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In May 2015, the company signed an agreement with [[Toyota]] to form a "long-term partnership", that would, among others, see Mazda supply Toyota with fuel-efficient SkyActiv gasoline and diesel engine technology in exchange for hydrogen fuel cell systems.<ref>{{cite news|title=Toyota, Mazda form partnership to share technologies, confront cost challenges|url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20150513/OEM01/150519954/toyota-mazda-form-partnership-to-share-technologies-confront-cost|newspaper=[[Automotive News]]|access-date=April 17, 2016|date=May 13, 2015}}</ref>
== Brands ==<!-- This section is linked from [[Amati]] -->
[[File:Mazda Japan Car dealership Saitama.jpg|thumb|left|Japanese Mazda dealership in [[Saitama, Saitama|Saitama, Japan]]]]
[[File:Japanese crest Igeta.svg|thumb|50px|The Mazda Motors square symbol is based on [[Sumitomo]] [[mon (crest)|family crest]], which is an affiliated company of the [[Sumitomo Group]]. ]]
[[File:Autozam logo.gif|thumb|50px|Autozam logo]]
Mazda tried using a number of different [[brand]]s in the Japanese (and occasionally Australian) markets in the 1990s, including [[Autozam]], [[Eunos cars|Eunos]], and [[ɛ̃fini]]. The motivation was brought on by market competition from other Japanese automakers efforts in offering vehicles at multiple Japanese dealership networks offered by [[Toyota dealerships (Japan)|Toyota]], [[Nissan Motor Company#Japan|Nissan]], and [[Honda#Japan|Honda]]. Mazda's implementation of brand diversification reflected a Japanese engineering philosophy, called [[Kansei engineering]], which was used as an advertising slogan in North America.
One of the most niche sub-brands was [[M2 (Mazda)|M2]], used on three rare variants of the Eunos Roadster (the M2-1001, M2-1002 and M2-1028) and one of the Autozam AZ-1 (M2-1015). M2 even had its own avant-garde company headquarters, but was shut down after a very short period of operation.
In early 1992, Mazda planned to release a luxury brand, [[Amati Cars|Amati]], to challenge [[Acura]], [[Infiniti]], and [[Lexus]] in North America, which was to begin selling in late 1993. The initial Amati range would have included the Amati 500 (which became the Eunos 800 in Japan and Australia, [[Mazda Millenia]] in the U.S., and Mazda Xedos 9 in Europe), a rebadged version of the [[Mazda Cosmo#Series JC .281990.E2.80.931996.29|Mazda Cosmo]] and the [[Amati 1000]] (a rear-wheel drive V12 competitor to the [[Lexus LS|Lexus LS400]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=It Was Japan's Most Daring Car. Then the Economy Imploded|url=https://jalopnik.com/it-was-japan-s-most-daring-car-then-the-economy-implod-1826265571|access-date=December 17, 2021|website=Jalopnik|date=December 20, 2018|language=en-us|archive-date=December 17, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217222012/https://jalopnik.com/it-was-japan-s-most-daring-car-then-the-economy-implod-1826265571|url-status=live}}</ref>). The Amati brand was eventually scrapped before any cars hit the market.
In Europe, the [[Xedos]] name was also associated with the Mazda [[Xedos 6]], the two models were in production from 1992 until 1997. The Xedos line was marketed under the Mazda brand, and used the Mazda badge from the corresponding years.
This diversification stressed the product development groups at Mazda past its limits. Instead of having a half-dozen variations on any given [[List of Mazda model codes|platform]], developers were asked to work on dozens of different models at the same time. Consumers were confused as well by the explosion of similar new models. This selective marketing experiment was ended in the mid-1990s due to economic conditions, largely attributed to the collapse of the [[Japanese asset price bubble]] in 1991.
== Leadership ==
Traditionally, Mazda has always been led by an executive leader known as the President and CEO.
# [[Jujiro Matsuda]] (1920–1951)
# Tsuneji Matsuda (1952–1970)
# Kouhei Matsuda (1970–1977)
# Yoshiki Yamasaki (1977–1984)
# [[Kenichi Yamamoto (engineer)|Kenichi Yamamoto]] (1984–1987)
# Masanori Furuta (1987–1991)
# Yoshihiro Wada (1991–1996)
# Henry Wallace (1996–1997); appointed by [[Ford Motor Company]], and the first non-Japanese CEO of a Japanese automaker
# James E. Miller (1997–1999)
# [[Mark Fields (businessman)|Mark Fields]] (1999–2002)
# [[Lewis Booth (businessman)|Lewis Booth]] (2002–2003)
# Hisakazu Imaki (2003–2008)
# [[Takashi Yamanouchi]] (2008–2013)
# Masamichi Kogai (2013–2018)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=May 11, 2018 |title=Mazda taps Americas head as CEO to raise game in its biggest market |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mazda-ceo-idUSKBN1IC06U |website=Reuters |access-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426070808/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mazda-ceo-idUSKBN1IC06U |url-status=live }}</ref>
# Akira Marumoto (2018–2023)<ref name=":0" />
# Masahiro Moro (since June 2023)<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 17, 2023 |title=Mazda to appoint former North America head Moro as next CEO |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/mazda-nominate-former-north-america-head-next-ceo-2023-03-17/ |website=Reuters |access-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-date=April 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426070808/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/mazda-nominate-former-north-america-head-next-ceo-2023-03-17/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
== Markets ==
{{As of|2022|January}}, the United States is Mazda's biggest market, followed by China and Japan.<ref>{{cite news |title=2021 (Full Year) Global: Mazda Worldwide Car Sales, Production, and Exports |url=https://www.best-selling-cars.com/brands/2021-full-year-global-mazda-worldwide-car-sales-production-and-exports/ |access-date=December 26, 2022 |date=January 31, 2022 |archive-date=December 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221226193127/https://www.best-selling-cars.com/brands/2021-full-year-global-mazda-worldwide-car-sales-production-and-exports/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Mazda's market share in the U.S. fell to a 10-year low of 1.7 percent in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Cain|first1=Timothy|title=Mazda Wants 2 Percent U.S. Market Share, But Not Just Any Ol' 2 Percent Market Share (15 May 2017)|url=http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2017/05/mazda-wants-2-percent-u-s-market-share-not-just-ol-2-percent-market-share/|website=The Truth about Cars|date=May 15, 2017|access-date=May 30, 2017|archive-date=May 21, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170521092249/http://www.thetruthaboutcars.com/2017/05/mazda-wants-2-percent-u-s-market-share-not-just-ol-2-percent-market-share/|url-status=live}}</ref> Mazda's brand loyalty was 39 percent in 2016, below the industry average of 53 percent.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Wayland|first1=Michael|title=Mazda's 2% solution|url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20170515/OEM02/305159991/mazdas-2-percent-solution|access-date=May 30, 2017|work=Automotive News|date=May 15, 2017|archive-date=May 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518222920/http://www.autonews.com/article/20170515/OEM02/305159991/mazdas-2-percent-solution|url-status=live}}</ref> On October 24, 2022, Mazda decided to get rid of assets in Russia, with the company transferring a stake in a joint venture in Vladivostok to [[Sollers JSC]] for 1 euro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/auto/news/2022/11/10/19001407.shtml|title=Mazda окончательно уходит из России|website=www.gazeta.ru|date=November 10, 2022|access-date=November 10, 2022|archive-date=November 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110104711/https://www.gazeta.ru/auto/news/2022/11/10/19001407.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>
== Environmental efforts ==
Mazda has conducted research in hydrogen-powered vehicles for several decades. Mazda has developed a [[hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] version of its [[Mazda Premacy|Premacy]] compact minivan using a version of its signature rotary engine that can run on hydrogen or gasoline named the [[Mazda Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid]]. Despite plans to release it in 2008,<ref>{{cite web |author=Alan Ohnsman |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601101&sid=aDzLqSJTqqdw&refer=japan |title=Nissan, Honda Seek Edge With Low-Emission Cars at Tokyo Show |publisher=Bloomberg  |date=October 27, 2007 |access-date=March 29, 2010}}</ref><ref name="autocar.co.uk">{{cite magazine |author=Chas Hallet |url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/News/NewsArticle.aspx?AR=234607 |title=Mazda plans Volt rival |magazine=[[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] |date=August 28, 2008 |access-date=May 7, 2009 |archive-date=December 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205233445/http://www.autocar.co.uk/News/NewsArticle.aspx?AR=234607 |url-status=live }}</ref> as of 2010 the vehicle is in limited trials.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Mazda Delivers Premacy Hydrogen RE Hybrid to Iwatani Corporation for use in Kyushu |url=http://www.mazda.com/publicity/release/2010/201001/100113a.html |publisher=Mazda |date=January 13, 2010 |access-date=March 29, 2010 |archive-date=January 22, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122152705/http://www.mazda.com/publicity/release/2010/201001/100113a.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
In 2010, [[Toyota]] and Mazda announced a supply agreement for the hybrid technology used in Toyota's [[Toyota Prius|Prius]] model.<ref>{{cite press release |title=TMC and Mazda Agree to Hybrid System Technology License |url=http://www.mazda.com/publicity/release/2010/201003/100329b.html |publisher=Toyota & Mazda |date=March 29, 2010 |format=PDF |access-date=March 29, 2010 |archive-date=April 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402224743/http://www.mazda.com/publicity/release/2010/201003/100329b.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
=== Bio-car ===
Mazda is finding uses for biomaterials in its vehicles, including both plastics and fabrics made from corn starch, as it aims to become more environmentally-friendly. Mazda introduced some of these innovations (bioplastic internal consoles and bio-fabric seats) in its [[Mazda5]] model at [[EcoInnovasia]] 2008, at the [[Queen Sirikit National Convention Center]] in [[Bangkok]]. Up to 30% of the interior parts in the Mazda5 are made of biomaterial components.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bioplastics24.com/content/view/1326/2/lang,en/ |title=Bioplastic, Research, Environmentally &#124; Fabric and consoles in Mazda bio-car made from corn starch|publisher=bioplastics24.com |date=May 1, 2006 |access-date=May 7, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203122926/http://www.bioplastics24.com/content/view/1326/2/lang%2Cen/ |archive-date=December 3, 2008 }}</ref>
=== SkyActiv technology ===
[[SkyActiv]] technology is an umbrella name for a range of technologies used in certain new Mazda vehicles. These vehicles include the [[Mazda Demio|Mazda2/Demio]], [[Mazda3|Mazda3/Axela]], [[Mazda6|Mazda6/Atenza]], and [[Mazda CX-5|CX-5]]. Together these technologies increase fuel economy to a level similar to a hybrid drivetrain. Engine output is increased and emission levels are reduced. These technologies include high compression ratio gasoline engines (13.0 to 1), reduced compression diesel engines (14.0 to 1) with new 2-stage [[turbocharger]] design, highly efficient automatic transmissions, lighter weight manual transmissions, lightweight body designs and [[Electric power steering#Electric systems|electric power steering]]. It is also possible to combine these technologies with a hybrid drivetrain for even greater fuel economy.
== Motorsport ==
{{See also|Mazdaspeed}}
In the racing world, Mazda has had substantial success with both its signature Wankel-engine cars (in two-rotor, three-rotor, and four-rotor forms) as well as its piston-engine models. Mazda vehicles and engines compete in a wide variety of disciplines and series around the world. In 1991, Mazda became the first Japanese automaker to win the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] overall.
=== International competition ===
Mazda's competition debut was on October 20, 1968, when two [[Mazda Cosmo#Racing|Mazda Cosmo Sport 110S]] coupes entered the 84-hour [[Marathon de la Route]] ultra-endurance race at the [[Nürburgring]], one finishing in fourth place and the other breaking an axle after 81 hours.<ref name="a">"The Rotary Club", Don Sherman, ''[[Automobile Magazine]]'', February 2008, pp 76–79</ref> The next year, Mazda raced [[Mazda R100#Racing|Mazda Familia R100 M10A]] coupes. After winning the [[Singapore Grand Prix]] in April 1969 and coming in fifth and sixth in the [[Spa 24 Hours]] (beaten only by [[Porsche 911]]s), on October 19, 1969, Mazda again entered the 84 hour Nürburgring race with four Familias. Only one of these finished, taking fifth place.
The first racing victory by a Wankel-engined car in the United States was in 1973, when [[Pat Bedard]] won an [[International Motor Sports Association#IMSA RS|IMSA RS]] race at [[Lime Rock Park]] in a [[Mazda RX-2]].<ref name="a"/>
In 1976, Ray Walle, owner of Z&W Mazda, drove a Cosmo ([[Mazda RX-5]]) from the dealership in Princeton, New Jersey, to Daytona, won the Touring Class Under 2.5 Liters at the [[24 Hours of Daytona]], and drove the car back to New Jersey. The Cosmo placed 18th overall in a field of 72. The only modifications were racing brake pads, exhaust, and safety equipment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mazdarx5.com/daytonarx5.html |title=daytona rx5 |publisher=Mazdarx5.com |access-date=September 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714055128/http://www.mazdarx5.com/daytonarx5.html |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
After substantial successes by the [[Mazda RX-2]] and [[Mazda RX-3]], the [[Mazda RX-7]] has won more [[International Motor Sports Association|IMSA]] races in its class than any other model of automobile, with its hundredth victory on September 2, 1990. Following that, the RX-7 won its class in the IMSA [[24 Hours of Daytona]] race ten years in a row, starting in 1982. The RX-7 won the IMSA Grand Touring Under Two Liter (GTU) championship each year from 1980 through 1987, inclusive.
[[File:Mazda 787B Otaru Synthesis Museum.jpg|right|thumb|The [[Mazda 787B]], winner of the 1991 [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] race]]
In 1991, a four-rotor [[Mazda 787B]] (2622&nbsp;cc actual, rated by [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] formula at 4708 cc) won the [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] auto race outright. The 787B's triumph remains unparalleled, as it remains the only non-piston-engined car ever to win at Le Mans, and Mazda is the first Japanese brand to have won overall at Le Mans. This led to a ban on rotary engines in the Le Mans race starting in 1992, which has since been rescinded. After the 1991 race, the winning engine was publicly dismantled for internal examination, which demonstrated that despite 24 hours of extremely hard use it had accumulated very little wear.
The Le Mans win in 1991 followed a decade of class wins from other Mazda prototypes, including the [[Mazda 757|757]] and [[Mazda 767|767]]. The Sigma MC74 powered by a Mazda 12A engine was the first engine and team from outside Western Europe or the United States to finish the entire 24 hours of the Le Mans race, in 1974. Mazda is also the most reliable finisher at Le Mans (with the exception of [[Honda]], which has entered only three cars in only one year), with 67% of entries finishing. Mazda returned to prototype racing in 2005 with the introduction of the [[Courage Compétition|Courage]] C65 LMP2 car at the [[American Le Mans Series]] race at [[Road Atlanta]]. This prototype racer uses the Renesis Wankel from the RX-8.
Mazdas have also enjoyed substantial success in [[land speed record|World Land Speed]] competition, [[SCCA]] competition, [[drag racing]], [[rally racing|pro rally]] competition (the [[Mazda Familia|Familia]] appeared in the [[World Rally Championship|WRC]] several times during the late '80s and early '90s), the [[One Lap of America]] race (winning SUV & truck in a MazdaSpeed5), and other venues. Wankel engines have been banned for some time from international [[Formula One]] racing,{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}} as well as from United States [[midget car|midget racing]], after [[Gene Angelillo]] won the [[North East Midget Racing Association]] championship in 1985 with a car powered by a 13B engine, and again in 1986 in a car powered by a 12A engine.
=== Spec series ===
The [[Atlantic Championship|Cooper Tires Atlantic Championship powered by Mazda]] is a North American [[open wheel]] racing series. It is the top level of the MAZDASPEED ladder, a driver development program which rewards season winners of one level with automatic rides at the next level. Since 2006, the Atlantic Championship has been run exclusively with [[Swift Engineering|Swift]] 016.a chassis powered by Mazda-[[Cosworth]] MZR 2300 cc (2.3L) [[DOHC]] [[inline-4]] engines producing {{Convert|300|bhp|kW|0|abbr=on}}. The cars are capable of speeds in excess of {{Convert|175|mi/h|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://champcaratlantic.com/News/Article.asp?ID=3322 |title=Champ Car Atlantic News |publisher=Champcaratlantic.com |access-date=September 29, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
[[Formula Mazda]] features open wheel race cars with Mazda engines, adaptable to both oval tracks and road courses, on several levels of competition. Since 1991, the professionally organized [[Pro Mazda Championship]] has been the most popular format for sponsors, spectators, and upward bound drivers. It is the second-highest level on the aforementioned Mazdaspeed driver development ladder. Engines for the Star Mazda series are all built by one engine builder, certified to produce the prescribed power, and sealed to discourage tampering. They are in a relatively mild state of racing tune, so that they are extremely reliable and can go years between motor rebuilds.
[[Spec Miata]] has become one of the most popular and most affordable road racing classes in North America. The Spec Miata (SM) class is intended to provide the opportunity to compete in low-cost, production-based cars with limited modifications, suitable for racing competition. The rules are intentionally designed to be more open than the Showroom Stock class but more restricted than the Improved Touring class.
[[Spec RX-7]] is also a popular club racing class primarily due to the availability of first-generation RX-7 cars and the low startup cost.{{citation needed|date=September 2015}}
== Sponsorships ==
[[File:Mazda head office 2008.JPG|thumb|Mazda's headquarters in Fuchū, Hiroshima]]
Mazda is a major sponsor to several professional sports teams, including:
*Hometown teams:
**[[Sanfrecce Hiroshima]] ([[J. League]]): Originally known as Toyo Kogyo Soccer Club and founded in 1938, it was owned directly by Mazda until 1992 when Mazda reduced its share to professionalize the club for the new J. League.
**[[Hiroshima Toyo Carp]] ([[Nippon Professional Baseball]]): The "Toyo" part of the team's name is in honor of Mazda's part-ownership of the team since 1968 (when Mazda was still known as Toyo Kogyo). The Matsuda family, descended from the founder of Mazda, holds the majority share in team ownership.
*Teams abroad:
**[[North Melbourne Football Club]] ([[Australian Football League]])
**[[AS Roma]] ([[Serie A]])
**[[ACF Fiorentina]] ([[Serie A]])
**[[SK Sigma Olomouc]] ([[Czech First League]])
**[[Nakhon Ratchasima F.C.|Nakhon Ratchasima]] ([[Thai League 1]])
The company also sponsors various [[marathon]] and [[relay race]] events in Japan, such as the [[Hiroshima International Peace Marathon]] and the [[Hiroshima Prefectural Ekiden Race]], along with numerous other sporting and charity endeavors in [[Hiroshima]] and [[Hofu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mazda.com/csr/social/07-01.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917084109/http://www.mazda.com/csr/social/07-01.html|url-status=dead|title=MAZDA:Basic Idea on Community and Social Contributions &#124; With Communities and Society|archivedate=September 17, 2008}}</ref> Mazda was also the league sponsor for the now-defunct [[Australian Rugby Championship]].
Mazda maintained sponsorship of the [[Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca|Laguna Seca]] racing course in California from 2001 until February 2018,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Maury |title=After 17 Years, Mazda Dropping Naming Rights To Laguna Seca Raceway |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/maurybrown/2018/02/15/after-17-years-mazda-dropping-naming-rights-to-laguna-seca-raceway/ |access-date=August 9, 2022 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> going so far as to use it for its own automotive testing purposes as well as the numerous racing events (including several Mazda-specific series) that it used to host, as well as for the 2003 launch of the [[Mazda RX-8]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.laguna-seca.com/sponsors/ | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20041231093839/http://www.laguna-seca.com/Sponsors/ | publisher = Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca | title = Track Sponsors | archive-date = December 31, 2004 }}</ref> Since April 2018, the venue's primary corporate sponsor is [[WeatherTech]].
Mazda also sponsors the [[Western New York Flash]], a professional women's soccer team that plays in the [[Women's Professional Soccer|WPA]] and has some of the best players in the world, including world player of the year.<ref>[[Marta Vieira da Silva]]</ref>
Mazda has been a sponsor of [[Club Deportivo Universidad Católica (sports club)#Branches|Club Deportivo Universidad Católica]]'s basketball team of the [[Liga Nacional de Básquetbol de Chile]].<ref>[https://eldeportero.cl/universidad-catolica-presento-cinco-refuerzos-para-la-liga-nacional-de-basquetbol-2016-2017/ Universidad Católica presento cinco refuerzos para la Liga Nacional de Básquetbol 2016-2017] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803213340/https://eldeportero.cl/universidad-catolica-presento-cinco-refuerzos-para-la-liga-nacional-de-basquetbol-2016-2017/ |date=August 3, 2020 }} El Deportero, September 30, 2016. Accessed April 8, 2020. {{in lang|es}}</ref>
== Marketing ==
Mazda's past advertising slogans included: "The more you look, the more you like" (1970s to early 1980s); "Experience Mazda" (mid-1980s); "An intense commitment to your total satisfaction, that's The Mazda Way" (late 1980s); "It Just Feels Right" along with advertising describing Mazda's use of [[Kansei engineering]] (1990–1995); "Passion for the road" (1996); "Get in. Be moved." (1997–2000). Another marketing slogan was "Sakes Alive!", for its truck line.
Since 2000, Mazda has used the phrase "Zoom-Zoom" to describe what it calls the "emotion of motion" that it claims is inherent in its cars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.ford.com/newsroom/feature_display.cfm?release=19015 |title= Mazda Challenges Consumers in Zoom-Zoom Contest |access-date=September 29, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080422044405/http://media.ford.com/newsroom/feature_display.cfm?release=19015 |archive-date=April 22, 2008  }}</ref> Extremely successful and long-lasting (when compared to other automotive marketing taglines), the Zoom-Zoom campaign has now spread around the world from its initial use in North America.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/zoom-zoom/ |title=What's Zoom Zoom ? &#124; Mazda Spirit |publisher=MAZDA |access-date=September 29, 2010 |archive-date=September 26, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100926012740/http://www.mazda.com/mazdaspirit/zoom-zoom/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Zoom-Zoom campaign has been accompanied by the "[[Zoom-Zoom-Zoom]]" song in many television and radio advertisements. The original version, performed by Jibril Serapis Bey (used in commercials in Europe, Japan and South Africa), was recorded long before it became the official song for Mazda as part of a soundtrack to the movie ''[[Only the Strong (film)|Only The Strong]]'' (released in 1993). The Serapis Bey version is a cover of a traditional [[Capoeira music|Capoeira song]], called "Capoeira Mata Um". In 2010, its current slogan is "Zoom Zoom Forever". The longer slogan (Used in TV ads) is "Zoom Zoom, Today, Tomorrow, Forever".
Early ads in the Zoom-Zoom campaign also featured a young boy (Micah Kanters) whispering the "Zoom-Zoom" tagline.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shufflingdead.com/articles/popculturepain/interview-with-micah-kanters.php |title=Interview with Micah Kanters |publisher=Shufflingdead.com |date=September 10, 2004 |access-date=June 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528125449/http://shufflingdead.com/articles/popculturepain/interview-with-micah-kanters.php |archive-date=May 28, 2010  }}</ref>
Since 2011, Mazda has still used the Zoom-Zoom tagline in another campaign called "What Do You Drive?". The punchline for this is "At Mazda, we believe because if it's not worth driving, it's not worth building. We build Mazdas. What do you drive?".
In 2015, Mazda had launched a new campaign under a new tagline, "Driving Matters", coinciding with the release of the redesigned MX-5.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Nelson|first1=Gabe|title=Mazda's new mantra: 'Driving Matters'|url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20150521/RETAIL03/150529977/mazdas-new-mantra:-driving-matters|access-date=July 22, 2015|newspaper=Automotive News|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> This campaign was meant to solidify Mazda's "Zoom Zoom" slogan. A 60-second long advertisement titled "A Driver's Life", coincided with the new tagline on the following week.
== See also ==
{{Portal|Companies}}
* [[List of Mazda engines]]
* [[List of Mazda facilities]]
* [[List of Mazda model codes]]
* [[List of Mazda vehicles]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{commons category}}
* {{official website|https://www.mazda.com/}}
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{{Mazda vehicles}}
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{{Mazda road car timeline 1990s–present}}
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