View source for Micoquien

{{short description|Early Middle Paleolithic tool industry}}
{{
Infobox archaeological culture
|name        = Micoquien
|map         = Biface Micoquien MHNT PRE .2009.0.193.1 (3).jpg
|mapalt      = Micoquien biface
|altnames    =
|horizon     =
|region      = [[Europe]]
|period      = [[Middle Paleolithic]]
|dates       = c. 130,000 – c. 60,000 BCE
|typesite    = [[Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil|La Micoque]]
|majorsites  = [[Balve Cave]], [[Eem]], [[Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil]]
|extra       =
|precededby  = [[Acheulean]], [[Mousterian]]
|followedby  = [[Mousterian]]
}}
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{{Paleolithic|middle}}
The '''Micoquien''' is an early [[Middle Paleolithic]] [[Industry (archaeology)|industry]], that is found in the [[Eemian]] and in an early episode of the [[Würm glaciation]] (about 130,000 to 60,000 BCE). The Micoquien is distinguished technologically by the appearance of distinctly asymmetrical [[biface]]s. Its discoverer and namer was the archeologist and art trader [[Otto Hauser]].<ref>Hauser, O. (1906-1907), La Micoque (Dordogne), und ihre Resultate für die Kenntnis der paläolithischen Kultur.- 1. Teil; Basel.. Technologisch bilden die Werkzeuge des Micoquien einen Übergang vom Spät-[[Acheulean|Acheuléen]] zum [[Mousterian|Moustérien]]</ref><ref>Hauser, O. (1916), La Micoque, die Kultur einer neuen Diluvialrasse. Leipzig.</ref><ref>Hauser, O. (1916), Über eine neue Chronologie des mittleren Paläolithikums im Vézèretal. Dissertation Erlangen. Leipzig.</ref> Hauser then sold a great number of so-called Micoque-wedges that he found in excavations in La Micoque (in [[Les Eyzies-de-Tayac-Sireuil]], [[Dordogne (département)|Dordogne]], [[France]]) to museums and collectors.
The specially formed handaxes from La Micoque exhibited an often rounded base. The problem with the term Micoquien is that later excavations have revealed an older time placement for the La Micoque axes, which are now dated in the [[Riss glaciation]].<ref>Rolland, N. (1986), Recent Findings from La Micoque and other Sites in South-Western and Mediterranean France: Their Bearing on the "Tayacian" Problem and Middle Palaeolithic Emergence.- In: Bailey and Callow (Ed.): Stone Age Prehistory. Studies in Memory of Charles McBurney; Cambridge University Press; Cambridge; 121-151.</ref><ref>Rosendahl, G. (1999), La Micoque und das Micoquien in den altsteinzeitlichen Sammlungen des Reiss-Museums Mannheim.- Mannh. Geschichtsblätter N. F. 6; Ubstadt-Weiher; 315-351</ref>
[[File:Decorated raven bone from the Zaskalnaya VI (Kolosovskaya) Neanderthal site, Crimea, Micoquian industry dated to between 38 and 43 cal kyr BP.jpg|thumb|left|Incision-decorated raven bone from the Zaskalnaya VI (Kolosovskaya) Neanderthal site, [[Crimea]], Micoquien industry dated to between cal. 43,000 and 38,000 BP]]
A wider artifact from the Micoquien is the Keilmesser (bifacially worked knife), which has a clearer chronology in [[Central Europe]]. From this some archeologists have proposed substituting the term Keilmesser group for Micoquien.<ref>Jöris, O. (2004), Zur chronostratigraphischen Stellung der spätmittelpaläolithischen Keilmessergruppen. Der Versuch einer kulturgeographischen Abgrenzung einer mittelpaläolithischen Formengruppe und ihr europäischer Kontext. 84. Ber. Röm.-German. Komm.</ref>
Micoquien artifacts are distributed across all of [[Eastern Europe]] and Central Europe. In [[Germany]] they can be found at [[Balver Höhle]] and [[Lonetal]].
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
*Debénath, A.; Rigaud, J.-Ph. (1986), Le gisement de La Micoque.- in: Rigaud, J.-Ph. (dir.): Informa-tions archéologiques: circonscription d'Aquitaine; Gallia Préhist. 29; CNRS; Paris; 236-237.
*Debénath, A.; Rigaud, J.-Ph. (1991), La Micoque.- Gallia Informations Préhistoire et Histoire; 1991-1; CNRS; Paris; 21-25.
*Hauser, O. (1916), La Micoque, die Kultur einer neuen Diluvialrasse. Leipzig.
*Peyrony, D. (1933), La Micoque et ses diverses industries.- XVe Congrès International d'Anthropolo-gie et d'Archéologie Préhistorique (suite), Ve Session de l'Institut International d'Anthropologie; Paris 20-27 Septembre 1931; Librairie E. Nourry; Paris; Extrait; 1-6.
*Peyrony, D. (1938), La Micoque. Les fouilles récentes. Leur signification.- Bulletin de la Société Pré-historique Française 35; Paris; 121; 257-288.
*Rosendahl, G. (1999), La Micoque und das Micoquien in den altsteinzeitlichen Sammlungen des Reiss-Museums Mannheim.- Mannh. Geschichtsblätter N. F. 6; Ubstadt-Weiher; 315-351.
==External links==
*{{commonscat-inline|Micoquien}}
*{{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928104134/http://blumammu.emhosting.de/infos/steinzeit.php Geröllgeräte-Industrien]
*{{in lang|de}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718230915/http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=973876069 Rosendahl, G. (2004), Die oberen Schichten von La Micoque.]
[[Category:Industries (archaeology)]]
[[Category:Paleolithic Europe]]
[[Category:Archaeological cultures of Europe]]
[[Category:Middle Paleolithic]]
[[Category:Neanderthals]]