View source for Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta

{{family name hatnote|de Ezpeleta||lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| name = Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu|Bishop of Cebu]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = [[Roman Catholic]]
| archdiocese =
| diocese =
| see = Cebu
| appointed = July 18, 1757
| ended = 1771
| predecessor = Protacio Cabezas
| successor = Mateo Joaquin Rubio de Arevalo<!--   Orders   -->
| ordination = 1758
| ordinated_by =
| consecration = January 29, 1748
| consecrated_by = [[Manuel de Matos]]
| rank = <!--   Personal details   -->
| birth_date = 1701
| birth_place = [[Manila]], [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]]
| death_date = {{death year and age|1771|1701}}
| death_place = [[Cebu]], [[Captaincy General of the Philippines]]
| previous_post =
| module =
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed = yes
| monarch       = [[Ferdinand VI of Spain]]<br>[[Charles III of Spain]]
| image         =
| term_start    = June 1759
| term_end      = July 1761
| order         = 45th [[Spanish Governor - Captain General of the Philippines|Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines]]
| successor     = [[Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra]]
| predecessor   = [[Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban]]
| signature     = Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta's signature.svg
}}
}}
'''Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta''' (sometimes spelled as ''de Espeleta''; June 1701 in [[Manila]] – July 1771 in [[Cebu]]) was a [[Spanish people|Spanish]] ''[[Criollo people|criollo]]'' born in [[Manila]] who served as the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu|Bishop of Cebu]] from 1757 until his death in 1771. Consequently, he assumed the position as the [[Governor-General of the Philippines|governor-general]] from 1759 to 1761 during Spanish intervention to the [[Seven Years' War]] and prelude to the [[British occupation of Manila|occupations of Manila and Cavite]].
==Life and succession==
Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta was born in [[Manila]] in 1701. Though he was born to Spanish parents, he was often considered a Filipino rather than a [[Criollo people|Criollo]].<ref>López Manchado, p. 1</ref> During Spanish colonial days, a ''criollo'' was a natural Spaniard born in the colonies.
On July 18, 1757, he was appointed as the bishop of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu|Diocese of Cebu]] (now an archdiocese) and about a year later, he was ordained by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Caceres|Archbishop of Nueva Cáceres]] Manuel de Matos to the bishopric.
Upon the death of [[Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor-General]] [[Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban]] in 1759, the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Manila|See of Manila]] and the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia|See of Nueva Segovia]] were vacant, and de Ezpeleta as the Bishop of Cebu was the senior prelate of the islands. He assumed the post of governor against the will of the [[Real Audiencia of Manila]].
On July 22, 1759, the new [[Archbishop of Manila]] [[Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra]] arrived in the country which made the occupation of de Ezpeleta to the gubernatorial seat void. De Ezpeleta refused to step down as governor after Rojo's orders. De Ezpeleta sought the support from the ''[[oidor]]es'' of the Audiencia: two of the four ''oidores'' went to the side of de Ezpeleta while the other to Rojo. De Ezpeleta also raised the precedent of [[Juan Arrechedera]], who previously had the same instance as him. They brought the question to the [[Council of the Indies]] through its prosecutor Francisco Léandro de Viana.<ref name="cunningham341">Cunningham 1919, p. 341</ref>
==Administration==
One of his initial actions against the previous administration of Arandía and the Real Audiencia was to revoke the reforms and decrees written by the ex-governor.
Later in 1759, he suppressed the armada of Fr. José Ducós, which was commissioned by Arandía to protect the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuit missionaries]] converting Muslims in [[Iligan Bay]]. One of the reasons of this suppression is that the [[Order of Augustinian Recollects|Augustinian missionaries]] in [[Caraga]] and [[Butuan]] filed a complaint to de Ezpeleta that they are not well protected. Spanish historian and biographer José Montero y Vidal pointed out that this suppression greatly accelerated the depredations caused by Muslim pirates in [[Luzon]] and [[Visayas]].<ref name="cunningham341"/><ref>Bernad 2004, p. 98</ref>
Much of de Ezpeleta's administration was occupied by the prosecution of don Santiago Orendaín, former adviser of governor Arandía who was held responsible for the repression of the church. Orendaín sought refuge in an Augustinian convent but was later seized and imprisoned in [[Fort Santiago]].<ref>Cunningham 1919, p. 342</ref>
In July 1761, a royal decree from [[Charles III of Spain]] coming from [[Madrid]] ordered the stepping down of de Ezpeleta. He then gave the administration of the colony to Archbishop Rojo.
==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
===Sources===
{{refbegin}}
* [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/blinoe.html Bishop Miguel Lino de Ezpeleta †]
* Díaz-Trechuelo, Lourdes. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20120320120847/http://www.seacex.es/Spanish/Publicaciones/122/flipinas_04_integracion.pdf Legazpi y la integración de Filipinas en el imperio español de ultramar]''
* [http://www.zamboanga.com/html/Spanish_governors_of_the_philippines.htm Governors of the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period]
* Manchado López, Marta María. ''[http://estudiosamericanos.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosamericanos/article/download/431/437 Las relaciones entre la autoridad civil y las órdenes religiosas en Filipinas durante el gobierno de don Pedro Manuel de Arandía]''
* Cunningham, Charles Henry. [https://books.google.com/books?id=ux0IAAAAIAAJ The audiencia in the Spanish colonies as illustrated by the audiencia of Malina (1583-1800)], 1919.
* Bernad, Miguel Anselmo. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NbG7kHtBma8C The great island: studies in the exploration and evangelization of Mindanao], 2004.
{{refend}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef||before=[[Pedro Manuel de Arandía Santisteban]]}}
{{s-ttl||title=[[Governor-General of the Philippines|Governor and Captain-General of the Philippines]]|years= 1759&ndash;1761}}
{{s-aft||after=[[Manuel Rojo del Rio y Vieyra]]}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{succession box
| before = Protacio Cabezas
| title = [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Caceres|Bishop of Cebu]]
| years = 1757&ndash;1771
| after = Mateo Joaquin Rubio de Arevalo}}
{{s-end}}
{{Spanish Governors-General of the Philippines|state=collapsed}}
{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Philippines}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ezpeleta, Miguel de}}
[[Category:1701 births]]
[[Category:1771 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the Philippines]]
[[Category:People from Intramuros]]
[[Category:Captains general of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic bishops of Cebu]]