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{{Infobox poet|language=[[Urdu]]|name=Mirza Muhammad Rafi|pseudonym=Sauda|birth_date=1713|birth_place=Shahjahanabad, [[Mughal India]]|death_place=[[Lucknow]], [[Mughal India]]|image=Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda.jpg|native_name=}}[[File:Sauda kulliyat 1872.jpg|thumb|Cover of the 1872 translation of the works of Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda]]
'''Mirza Mohammad rafi 'Sauda'''' ({{langx|ur|{{Nastaliq|مِرزا مُحمّد رفِیع سَودا}}}}),
(1713–1781) was an [[Urdu]] poet in [[Delhi]], India. He is known for his ''[[Ghazal]]s'' and Urdu ''[[Qasida]]s''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/sauda/txt_pegors_jsal1990.pdf |title=A Shahr-ashob of Sauda, translated by Mark Pegors |date= |accessdate=11 May 2013}}</ref>
==Biography==
He was born in 1713 <ref name="Aab-e hayaat">{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/books/PK2155.H8413/141172d3.html#poet_saudaa |title=Aab-e hayaat (1880) on Sauda |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date= |accessdate=11 May 2013}}</ref> in [[Old Delhi|Shahjahanabad]] (i.e. [[Old Delhi]]), where he was also brought up.<ref name="3Mughal">{{cite web|url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/sauda/txt_russell_1968.pdf |title=Chapter 2 of Three Mughal Poets: Mir Sauda, Mir Hasan*, by Ralph Russell and Khurshidul Islam (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968) |date= |accessdate=11 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="Intro">{{cite web|author=Frances Pritchett |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/sauda/00introcourt.html |title=Introduction of Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872 |publisher=Columbia.edu |date= |accessdate=11 May 2013}}</ref> At the age of 60 or 66, he moved to [[Farrukhabad]] (with Nawab Bangash),<ref name="Aab-e hayaat"/> and lived there from 1757 to about 1770.<ref name="3Mughal" /><ref>To be more precise, some time between A.H. 1183 (A.D. 1769–1770) and A.H. 1185 (A.D. 1771–1772). Cf. Shaikh Cand, pp. 55–56</ref> In A.H. 1185 (1771–72) he moved to the court of [[Nawab of Awadh]] (then in [[Faizabad]]) and remained there until his death.<ref name="3Mughal" /> When [[Lucknow]] became the state capital, he came there with Nawab Shujauddaula''.<ref name="Intro" />
He died in A.H. 1195 (1780–81) in Lucknow.<ref name="3Mughal" /><ref name="Aab-e hayaat"/><ref>An Urdu chronogram by Faḳhr ud-Dīn; Persian chronograms by Muṣḥafī and Mīr Qamar ud-Dīn 'Minnat'.</ref>
==Ustads and shagirds==
Sulaimān Qulī Ḳhān 'Vidād' and [[Shaikh Zahuruddin Hatim]] were his ''[[Ustad]]s'' (teachers of Urdu poetry).<ref name="Aab-e hayaat"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://dsal.uchicago.edu/digbooks/digpager.html?BOOKID=PK2167.A84&object=144 |title=Azad, Muhammad Husain Ab-i hayat: yani mashahir shura-yi Urdu ke savanih umri aur zaban-i mazkur ki ahd ba ahd ki taraqqiyon aur islahon ka bayan. Lahor: Naval Kishor 1907 |publisher=Dsal.uchicago.edu |date=8 April 2010 |accessdate=11 May 2013}}</ref> King Shah Alam was ''Shagird'' (student of Urdu poetry) of Sauda.<ref name="Aab-e hayaat"/>  He was also Ustad of Shujauddaulla. Nawab Āṣif ud-Daulah gave him title of ''Malkushshu'ara'' and annual pension of Rs 6,000.<ref name="Aab-e hayaat"/>
==Works==
Initially he composed in Persian, but switched to Urdu on the advice of his ustad, [[Siraj-ud-Din Ali Khan Arzu|Ḳhān-e Ārzū]].<ref name="Aab-e hayaat"/> His work was translated in 1872 by Major Henry Court, Captain, Bengal Cavalry.<ref>{{cite web|author=Frances Pritchett |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/sauda/index.html |title=Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872 |publisher=Columbia.edu |date= |accessdate=11 May 2013}}</ref> [[Kulliyat]] of Sauda was compiled by Ḥakīm Sayyid Aṣlaḥ. ud-Dīn Ḳhān wrote the introduction.<ref name="Aab-e hayaat"/> Sauda's works from his Kulliyat are:<ref>{{cite web|author=Frances Pritchett |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urdu/sauda/00introfwp.html |title=Introduction by FWP, Selections from the Kulliyat of Sauda, by Major Henry Court, 1872 |publisher=Columbia.edu |date= |accessdate=11 May 2013}}</ref>
* Masnavi dar hajv-e hakim ghaus مثنوی در ھجوِ حکیم غوث
* Masnavi dar hajv-e amir-a daulatmand bakhil  مثنوی در ھجوِ امیرِ دولت مند بخیل
* Masnavi dar ta'rif-e shikar  مثنوی در تعریفِ شکار
* Masnavi dar hajv-e pil rajah nripat singh  مثنوی در ھجو پِل راجن نری پت سنگھ
* Masnavi dar hajv-e sidi faulad khan kotval-e shahjahanabad  مثنوی در ھجو سیدّی فولاد خان کوتوالِ شاجہان آباد
* Masnavi dar hajv-e fidvi mutavatan-e panjab kih darasal baqal bachchah bud  مثنوی در ھجو فدوی مُطاوِتانِ پنجاب کی دراصل بیقل بچاہ بد
* Masnavi dar hajv-e chipak mirza faizu  مثنوی در ھجو چپک مرزا فیضو
* Qissah-e darvesh kih iradah-e ziyarat-e ka'bah kardah bud  قصّہِ درویش کہ ارادہِ زیارتِ کعبہ کرد بد
* Mukhammas-e shahr ashob مخاماصِ شہر آشوب
* Qasidah dar madh-e navab vazir imad ul-mulk قصیدہ درمدہِ نواب وزیر عماد الملک
<!-- (I'm hiding this content because I don't think it's likely to be useful to most readers of the English-language Wikipedia. See Talk page.) ===Some ''ashaar'' of Sauda===
1.<br />
{{rquote|center|''kisii ka dard-e-dil pyaare tumhaara naaz kya samjhe''<br />
''jo guzre said ke dil par use shahbaaz kya samajhe''|'''Sauda'''}}
2.<br />
{{rquote|center|''badla tere sitam ka koii tujhse kya kare''<br />
''apana hii tu farefta howe, kh.uda kare''|'''Sauda'''}}
3.<br />
{{rquote|center|''shama-roo kahna use Sauda hai taareeki-e-aql''<br />
''shama ka aks uske aariz par kalaf hai maah kaa''|'''Sauda'''}}
4.<br />
{{rquote|center|''ishq zarra bhii agar ho to use kam mat jaan''<br />
''hoke shola hii bujhe hai ye sharaar aakh.irkaar''|'''Sauda'''}}
5.<br />
{{rquote|center|''mulaayam ho gayiin birah kii saa'itein karDiyaan''<br />
''pahar kaTne lage unbin jinhon bin kaaTtii gharDiyaan''|'''Sauda'''}}
6.<br />
{{rquote|center|''ye rutbaa jaah-e-duniya ka nahiin kam kisii maalzaadii se''<br />
''ki is par roz-o-shab mein saikarDo charDhte-utarate hain''|'''Sauda'''}}
7.<br />
{{rquote|center|''nai bulbul-e-chaman na gul-e-naudmeeda hoon''<br />
''main mausam-e-bahaar mein shaakh.-e-bareeda hoon''
''giriyaan na shakl-e-sheesha wa kh.anda na tarz-e-jaam''<br />
''is maikade ke beech abas aafreeda hoon''|'''Sauda'''}}
8.<br />
{{rquote|center|''cheez kya hoon jo karein qatl wo aMkhiyaan mujhko''<br />
''phir gaye dekh ke muMh kh.anzar-e-mizgaan mujhko''|'''Sauda'''}}
9.<br />
{{rquote|center|''gada dast-e-ahl-e-karam dekhte hain''<br />
''ham apna hii dam aur qadam dekhte hain''|'''Sauda'''}}
10.<br />
{{rquote|center|''shaikh. ne us but ko jis kooche mein dekha shaam ko''<br />
''le charag ab DhooMrDhe hai waan ta-sehar islaam ko''|'''Sauda'''}}
11.<br />
{{rquote|center|''tabee'at se faromaya kee sher-e-tar nahiin hota''<br />
''jo aab-e-chaah ka qatra hai wo gauhar nahiin hota''
''talaash-e-khijr bahr-e-manzil-e-maqsad na kar Sauda''<br />
''koii khudraftagii se raahbar behtar nahiin hota''|'''Sauda'''}}
12.{{rquote|center|''saawan ke baadalon kii tarah se bhare hu'e''<br />
'' ye wo nayan hain jinse ki jangal hare hu'e''|'''Sauda'''}}
13.<br />{{rquote|center|''kuwwat-e-namiya leti hai nabaataat ka arz<br />
daal se paat tak phool se lekar ta phal''|'''Sauda'''}} -->
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140401094553/http://www.bhu.ac.in/arts/urdu/NaseemAhmad.php Professor Nasim Ahmad's Books (a). Diwane-e-Ghazaliyat-e-Sauda and (b). Mutallaqate Sauda]
* [http://vinayprajapati.wordpress.com/category/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%81%e0%a4%96%e0%a4%a8/ Vinay Prajapati 'Nazar' Wordpress blog ''तख़लीक़-ए-नज़र'' ] – Expanding day by day
* [https://rekhta.org/poets/sauda-mohammad-rafi/ Muhammad Rafi Urdu Poetry]
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[[Category:1713 births]]
[[Category:1781 deaths]]
[[Category:Poets from Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian Shia Muslims]]
[[Category:Urdu-language poets from India]]
[[Category:Indian male poets]]
[[Category:18th-century Indian poets]]
[[Category:18th-century male writers]]
[[Category:Poets from the Mughal Empire]]