View source for Monte Ermada

{{short description|Hill in Italy}}
{{Infobox mountain
| name = Monte Ermada
| photo = Ermada visto da Visogliano.jpg
| photo_caption = The Ermada in winter
| elevation_m   = 323
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| location = [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]], Italy
| range = [[Karst Plateau]]
| coordinates = {{coord|45|47|41|N|13|37|35|E|display=inline,title|region:IT_type:mountain}}
| coordinates_ref =
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'''Monte Ermada''', also known as '''Hermada''' ({{langx|sl|Grmada}}) is a [[hill]] on the [[Karst Plateau]], near the border between the Italian provinces of [[province of Trieste|Trieste]] and [[province of Gorizia|Gorizia]]. Most of it is located in the municipality of [[Duino-Aurisina]], with its eastern appendages in [[Slovenia]]n territory. It consists of a [[massif]] with several peaks: besides the main peak, which stands 323 meters above sea level, there are Jastreb (289 m), Goljak (278 m), Grižnik (225 m), Vrh Griže (280 m), Cocco/Na Kokem (280 m), Frščak (235 m), Ter (281 m), Gabrnjak (297 m), Dosso Petrinia/Veliki Škrnjak (201 m), Dosso Petrinia inferior/Mali Škrnjak (167 m), Lisičji Vrh (294 m) and the isolated Castelliere di Ceroglie/Ostri Vrh (215 m). Small valleys, carsic swamps and [[sinkhole]]s are located between the peaks. The small village of Cerovlje, a hamlet of Duino-Aurisina, is located at the foot of the Ermada.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cassiciaco.it/navigazione/cassago/archiviostorico/novecento/morti_I_guerra/1916_besana.html|title=Caduti I guerra mondiale|website=www.cassiciaco.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.photococktail.altervista.org/battaglione%20bisagno/indexmain.html|title=Battaglione Bisagno 1915-1918}}</ref>
Archaeological finds have shown that pre-historic settlements existed on the top of the Ermada. During the [[First World War]], the Ermada was one of the main [[Austro-Hungarian]] bulwarks for the defense of [[Trieste]] from September 1916 onwards; heavily fortified with multiple orders of trenches, tunnels, barbed wire and machine gun posts, it was repeatedly assaulted by the [[Italian Army]] during the later [[battles of the Isonzo]], but never taken.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.storiaememoriadibologna.it/monte-hermada-ermada-cerreto-querceto-grmada-in-sl-1858-luogo|title=Monte Hermada (Ermada, Cerreto, Querceto; Grmada in sloveno) - Storia e Memoria di Bologna|website=www.storiaememoriadibologna.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sentierinatura.it/easyne2/GRP.aspx?Code=SentieriNatura&ID=4345&IDNGRP=54221&MODE=MSG|title=Anello transfrontaliero del Monte Ermada. - Le vostre relazioni|website=www.sentierinatura.it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.alpescaturismo.it/turismo-a-trieste/il-territorio-di-duino-aurisina/monte-ermada-percorsi-della-grande-guerra/|title=Monte Ermada: percorsi della Grande Guerra &#124; Al Pescaturismo|website=www.alpescaturismo.it}}</ref><ref>[https://www.trieste.run/anello-delle-trincee-del-monte-ermada-4/ Anello delle trincee del Monte Ermada]</ref> Streets named after the Ermada, in commemoration of the battles of the First World War, exist in many Italian cities. Today the Ermada is an [[open-air museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.turismofvg.it/en/grandeguerra-trieste-e-the-karst/open-air-museum-of-mt-ermada|title=Open-air Museum of Mt. Ermada|website=Turismo FVG}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Landforms of Friuli-Venezia Giulia]]
[[Category:Karst]]
[[Category:Mountains of the Alps]]
[[Category:Hills of Italy]]
[[Category:Military history of Italy during World War I]]
[[ceb:Monte Ermada]]
[[it:Monte Ermada]]
[[ru:Монте-Эрмада]]
[[sl:Grmada (grič)]]