View source for Monument Square (Portland, Maine)

{{Short description|Town square in downtown Portland, Maine}}
{{Infobox street
| name        = Monument Square
| other_name  =
| image       = File:Monument Square panorama, Portland Maine.jpg
| image_size  = 300
| caption     = The square in 2017, viewed from [[Congress Street (Portland, Maine)|Congress Street]]
| coordinates = {{coord|43.657342|-70.258924}}
| map_caption = Location within Portland
| image_map   = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=15}}
| former_names =
| namesake    =
| maint       = City of Portland
| location    = [[Portland, Maine]], U.S.
| postal_code =
| north       =
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}}
'''Monument Square''' (formerly '''Market Square'''<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ByUeAAAAYAAJ&dq=united+states+hotel+portland+maine&pg=PA298-IA1 |title=Maine Register Or State Year-book and Legislative Manual from April 1 ... to April 1 ... |date=1888 |publisher=J.B. Gregory |language=en}}</ref> or '''Haymarket Square''')<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hay Market Square, Portland, 1830 |url=https://www.mainememory.net/record/14858 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Maine Memory Network |language=en}}</ref> is a [[town square]] in downtown [[Portland, Maine]], about halfway between the [[East Bayside]] and [[Old Port of Portland, Maine|Old Port]] neighborhoods. [[One Monument Square]] and [[One City Center (Maine)|One City Center]] are among the buildings on the square itself, while the [[Time and Temperature Building]], [[Fidelity Trust Building (Portland, Maine)|Fidelity Trust Building]] and the main branch of the [[Portland Public Library]] are on [[Congress Street (Portland, Maine)|Congress Street]], across from the square.
Prior to 20th-century redevelopment, [[Middle Street]] originated from Market Square.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle Street from Monument Square, Portland, ca. 1910 |url=https://www.mainememory.net/record/28891 |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=Maine Memory Network |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Middle St. looking towards Monument Square, Portland, Me - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine |url=https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101461308-img |access-date=2024-03-11 |website=collections.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> It ran east through where [[The Maine Lobsterman]] statue is today, before continuing its current route from its intersection with Temple, Spring and Union Streets. The original stretch, which formerly met [[Federal Street (Portland, Maine)|Federal Street]] in the square, is now paved with bricks and is no longer Middle Street.
== Constituent buildings ==
[[File:Monument Square 2024.jpg|left|thumb|A 2024 view of Congress Street from Monument Square, including the [[Time and Temperature Building]] (left) and the [[Fidelity Trust Building (Portland, Maine)|M&T Bank Building]]]]
One Monument Square is a ten-story office building on the eastern edge of the square,<ref>{{cite web |title=One Monument Square, Portland - SkyscraperPage.com |url=https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=26500 |website=skyscraperpage.com}}</ref> located on the former site of the [[United States Hotel (Portland, Maine)|United States Hotel]]. The building opened after a ribbon-cutting ceremony in November 1970. Initial tenants included the law firms Bernstein, Shur, Sawyer & Nelson and [[Pierce Atwood|Pierce, Atwood, Scribner, Allen, Smith & Lancaster]], as well as [[Amica Mutual Insurance]].<ref>{{cite news |date=November 21, 1970 |title=Ribbon Cutting |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/evening-express/125312055/ |work=Evening Express}}</ref> It was significantly renovated in 2015.
28 Monument Square was built in 1871. In 2006, the first floor and basement of the building became the home of Public Market House, in which several vendors flank a narrow central corridor.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Market House |url=https://www.publicmarkethouse.com/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Public Market House |language=en-US}}</ref> Some vendors relocated to Public Market House from the nearby Portland Public Market building, at the corner of Preble Street and [[Cumberland Avenue]], which closed earlier the same year.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/11/realestate/11Real.html "Tied to a City, a Farmers' Market Proves Hardy"] – ''[[The New York Times]]'', April 11, 2007</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Portland Public Market |url=https://www.rudybruneraward.org/winners/portland-public-market/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Rudy Bruner Award |language=en-US}}</ref>
{{Clear}}
==Old City Hall==
{{Main|Old City Hall (Portland, Maine)}}
In 1825, the Town of Portland built [[Market House (Portland, Maine)|Market House]] in Market Square to facilitate the sale produce and livestock. In 1833, the structure was modified to serve as Portland's first city hall.{{sfn|City of Portland|1940|p=214}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Moon |first=John |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rb5l33qnFeUC&q=mountfort+street+history+portland+maine |title=Portland |date=2009 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |isbn=978-0-7385-6517-0 |pages=11 |language=en}}</ref> In 1862, it was replaced by a [[Portland City Hall (Maine)|new city hall]], located on Congress Street at the head of [[Exchange Street (Maine)|Exchange Street]].{{sfn|City of Portland|1940|p=230}} The old city hall was demolished in 1888 and replaced by the Soldiers and Sailors Monument, at which time Market Square was renamed Monument Square.{{sfn|City of Portland|1940|p=215}}
==Portland Soldiers and Sailors Monument==
{{Main|Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (Portland, Maine)}}
The Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument (also known as "Our Lady of Victories") stands in the center of Monument Square, on the former site of Portland's [[Old City Hall (Portland, Maine)|1833 city hall]].<ref name="NRHP">{{cite web |title=NRHP nomination for Portland Soldiers and Sailors Monument |url={{NRHP url|id=98000308}} |accessdate=2016-02-24 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> Dedicated on October 28, 1891,<ref name="Tobin">{{cite news|url=http://portlanddailysun.me/node/29507|title=A monument of malcontent?|last=Tobin|first=Michael|date=October 22, 2011|work=[[Portland Daily Sun]]|accessdate=22 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403093456/http://portlanddailysun.me/node/29507|archive-date=3 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref> it honors "those brave men of Portland, soldiers of the [[United States Army]] and sailors of the [[United States Navy|Navy of the United States]] who died in defense of the country in the late [[American Civil War|civil war]]".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wzQ4AAAAIAAJ&dq=Portland+Soldiers+%26+Sailors+Monument&pg=PA263 Acts and resolves passed by the ... Legislature of the state of Maine]</ref> It was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on April 1, 1998.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Portland City Hall (1830).png|A 1902 sketch by [[Charles Quincy Goodhue]] of [[Market House (Portland, Maine)|Market House]] ({{Circa|1830}}), which was modified in 1833 to become the first city hall
File:Old Portland City Hall.jpg|alt=Black and white photo of a grand Greek revival civic building with a gable roof, an oversized portico supported by four large ionic columns flanked to the left and right by tall, barrel arch windows, below a simple pediment. The building has a public open space paved with dirt and granite pavers and crossed by streetcar tracks in front of it. The building is surrounded by nineteenth century mixed use urban buildings, mostly of brick and granite. There are multiple people and horse-drawn carts in the public space.|[[Old City Hall (Portland, Maine)|1833 city hall]] (with the [[United States Hotel (Portland, Maine)|United States Hotel]] behind) in 1886. It was demolished 1888 and replaced by today's Soldiers and Sailors Monument
1862_Portland_City_Hall.png|The 1868 city hall, pictured around 1904
File:Portland City Hall Portland Maine.jpeg|View of the Portland City Hall circa 1910
File:15_Monument_Square.jpg|Remnants of the building, formerly attached to 15 Monument Square, demolished to make way for the entrance to One City Center parking garage
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[Portland Railroad Company]]
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Portland, Maine]]
*[[United States Hotel (Portland, Maine)|United States Hotel]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
===Sources===
* {{cite book | last = Barnes | first = Albert F. | title = Greater Portland Celebration 350 | publisher = Guy Gannett Publishing Co. | location = Portland, Maine | year = 1984 | isbn = 0-930096-58-4}}
* {{Cite book | publisher = The Forest City Printing Company | author = City of Portland | title = Portland City Guide | location = Portland, Maine | year = 1940}}
* {{cite book | last = Eisenberg | first = Christiane | editor1-last = Manz | editor1-first = Stefan | editor2-last = Beerbühl | editor2-first = Margrit Schulte | editor3-last = Davis | editor3-first = John R. | chapter = 'German Gymnastics' in Britain, or the Failure of Culture Transfer | pages = 131&ndash;146 | title = Migration and Transfer from Germany to Britain, 1660-1914 | publisher = K.G. Saur | location = Munich, Germany | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-3-598-23002-8}}
* {{Cite book | publisher = Greater Portland Landmarks, Inc. | isbn =  0-939761-07-6 | author = Greater Portland Landmarks | title = Portland | location = Hallowell, Maine | year = 1986 | edition = 2nd}}
* {{cite book | last = Leonard | first = Fred Eugene | title = A Guide to the History of Physical Education | publisher = Lea & Febiger | location = Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and New York, New York | year = 1923 | url = https://archive.org/details/guidetohistoryof00leon/}}
* {{cite book | last = Sears | first = Donald A. | title = John Neal | publisher = Twayne Publishers | location = Boston, Massachusetts | year = 1978 | isbn = 080-5-7723-08}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.mainememory.net/bin/Detail?ln=20895 Monument Square, Portland, ca. 1950] MaineMemory.net
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110307163746/http://portlandlandmarks.org/Images/advocacy-Preservation.php/Congress_Photos.pdf Monument Square] Portland Landmarks
{{Portland, Maine}}
{{Coord|43.65736|-70.2589|type:landmark_region:US-ME|display=title}}
[[Category:Squares in Portland, Maine]]