View source for Mundial (magazine)

{{Short description|Peruvian magazine}}
{{Infobox magazine
| title           = Mundial
| image_file      = Portada Revista Mundial, agosto de 1920.jpg
| image_caption   = 1920 edition
| editor          = [[#Collaborators|''Several'']]
| frequency       = Weekly
| founder         = {{ill|Andrés Aramburú Salinas|es}}
| firstdate       = {{dts|1920|04|28}}
| finaldate       = {{dts|1931|09|04}}
| finalnumber     = 576
| country         = [[History of Peru (1919–1930)|Peru]]
}}
'''''Mundial''''' was a [[Peru]]vian weekly [[magazine]]. It was one of the publications that marked the birth of modern journalism in Peru,<ref name=Garavito>{{Cite news |title=Mundial y el periodismo moderno |last=Garavito Amézaga |first=Hugo |date=1983-12-11 |work=[[El Comercio (Peru)|El Comercio]]}}</ref> both for its graphic design and its content when it appeared in Lima on April 28, 1920. It reached up to number 576, corresponding to 4 September 1931.<ref name=PEISA>{{Cite book |title=Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú |last=Tauro del Pino |first=Alberto |publisher=[[PEISA]] |year=2001 |isbn=9972-40-149-9 |edition=3rd |location=Lima |pages=1747-1748 |language=es |volume=11 |chapter=Mundial |author-link=Alberto Tauro del Pino}}</ref> Its director was {{ill|Andrés Aramburú Salinas|es}} and it was printed on the site of the ''La Opinión Nacional'', a [[publishing house]] on [[Jirón Callao|Calle Mantas]] 152.
==Overview==
It had three well-defined areas:{{sfn|Basadre|2005|page=188}}
*A mundane, sometimes frivolous section of the life of [[Lima]]'s high society.
*A political section, with opinions that varied depending on the circumstances, although generally committed to the achievements of the [[History of Peru (1919–1930)|government]] of [[Augusto B. Leguía]].
*A section with intellectual content, which gave it more prestige.
Its cover was of great graphic quality, printed in fine colors. Generally he reproduced, in trichrome, some artistic work, preferably those that had just been exhibited in an exhibition. The rest of its pages also had graphic reproductions of contemporary events, as well as collaborations from prominent writers of all tendencies.<ref name=Garavito/>
==Collaborators==
The following collaborated permanently:<ref name=PEISA/>
{{Columns-list|
* [[José Carlos Mariátegui]]
* [[César Vallejo]]
* [[Luis Alberto Sánchez]]
* {{ill|Jorge Guillermo Leguía|es}}
* {{ill|Enrique A. Carrillo|es}}
* Darío Eguren Larrea
* Ladislao Meza
* José Chioino
* Humberto del Águila
* Clodoaldo López Merino
* {{ill|Ricardo Vegas García|es}}
* César Guillermo Corzo
* Federico Mould Távara
* [[Dora Mayer]]
* [[Edgardo Rebagliati]]
* Alejandro Belaunde
* {{ill|María Isabel Sánchez-Concha|es}}
* [[María Wiesse]]
* [[Jorge Vinatea Reynoso]]
}}
Among them stand out: [[José Carlos Mariátegui]], who made known through ''Mundial'' his famous ''[[Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality]]'', before publishing them as an organic book;<ref name=PEISA/> [[Luis Alberto Sánchez]], who published numerous literary essays; [[César Vallejo]], who from [[Europe]] sent his chronicles that covered the most diverse cultural and political topics of the [[Old World]]; [[Jorge Vinatea Reynoso]], with the well-made caricatures of him;{{sfn|Basadre|2005|page=188}} Humberto del Águila, with his "letters from Rucio", political comments in [[Cervantes]]' style.{{sfn|Basadre|2005|page=189}}
Other collaborators include:<ref name=PEISA/>
{{Columns-list|
* [[José Santos Chocano]]
* [[José Gálvez Barrenechea]]
* [[Raúl Porras Barrenechea]]
* [[Percy Gibson]]
* [[Jorge Basadre]]
* {{ill|Aurelio Miró Quesada|es}}
* {{ill|Enrique Peña Barrenechea|es}}
* {{ill|Ricardo Peña Barrenechea|es}}
* [[Martín Adán]]
* [[Xavier Abril]]
* {{ill|Catalina Recavarren|es}}
* {{ill|Estuardo Núñez|es}}
}}
==Journalism==
Its director captured a modern conception of [[journalism]] in its pages. Starting with the visual aspect, he gave importance to the graphic element in the information, many of them with engravings in fine colors and trichomes. Since then, the elaborate graphic design became the fundamental characteristic of Peruvian journalism.<ref name=Garavito/>
The modernity of the weekly resided not only in the form, but also in the [[Sensationalism|sensationalist content]]. a method that revolutionised world journalism since the end of the 19th century, with [[Joseph Pulitzer]] and [[William Randolph Hearst]] as standard bearers. Without falling into the questionable methods of the [[yellow press]], ''Mundial'' knew how to take advantage of that contribution, incorporating sensational and current sections, within a broader content, where opinion, satire and political caricature, interviews, social and labor pages, criticism of shows, literature, etc.<ref name=Garavito/>
==Closure==
At the end of 1930, Aramburú began a campaign for humanitarian treatment to be given to the overthrown and imprisoned president [[Augusto B. Leguía]], because his advanced age and delicate state of health demanded it. As expected, this campaign was maliciously distorted and led to political retaliation against Aramburú by the government of [[Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro]].<ref name=PEISA/> Aramburú was put on trial and even suffered imprisonment, ending up dying shortly after in exile in [[Chile]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú |last=Tauro del Pino |first=Alberto |publisher=[[PEISA]] |year=2001 |isbn=9972-40-149-9 |edition=3rd |location=Lima |pages=195 |language=es |volume=2 |chapter=Aramburú Salinas, Andrés Avelino |author-link=Alberto Tauro del Pino}}</ref>
When the weekly newspaper closed in 1931, its archives became one of the most important graphic records of the events that marked the history of the 1920s in Peru and the world, as well as a valuable collection of articles, chronicles and essays from the Peruvian intellectuality of that time.
==See also==
{{Commons category|Mundial (Peruvian magazine)|Mundial}}
*[[Variedades]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last=Basadre |first=Jorge |author-link=Jorge Basadre |date=2005 |title=Historia de la República del Perú: 8.º periodo: El comienzo de la irrupción de las masas organizadas en la política (1930-1933) |edition=9th |volume=16 |publisher=Empresa Editora El Comercio S. A. |location=Lima |isbn=9972-205-78-9 }}
* Garavito Amézaga, Hugo: ''Mundial y el periodismo moderno''. Publicado en el suplemento dominical de ''[[El Comercio (Perú)|El Comercio]]''. Lima, 11 de diciembre de 1983.
* Tauro del Pino, Alberto: ''Enciclopedia Ilustrada del Perú.'' Tercera Edición. Tomo 11. Lima, PEISA, 2001. {{ISBN|9972-40-166-9}}
==External links==
*[http://revistagisela.com/ Official site]
{{italic title}}
[[Category:Defunct magazines published in Peru]]
[[Category:Magazines established in 1920]]
[[Category:Magazines disestablished in 1931]]
[[Category:Magazines published in Peru]]
[[Category:Defunct Spanish-language magazines]]
[[Category:Weekly news magazines]]
[[Category:Mass media in Lima]]