View source for Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch

{{Short description|British politician (1917–2000)}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Expand Chinese|topic=bio|fa=yes|date=July 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox officeholder
|honorific-prefix = [[The Right Honourable]]
|name= The Lord MacLehose of Beoch
|honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|KT|GBE|KCMG|KCVO|DL}}
|image= Governor Murray MacLehose.jpg
|office       = Governor of Hong Kong
|order        = 25th
|monarch      = [[Elizabeth II]]
|1blankname   = [[Chief Secretary for Administration|Colonial Secretary]]
|1namedata    = [[Hugh Norman-Walker]]<br/>[[Denys Roberts]]
|2blankname   = [[Chief Secretary for Administration|Chief Secretary]]
|2namedata    = [[Denys Roberts]]<br/>[[Jack Cater]]<br/>[[Philip Haddon-Cave]]
|term_start   = 19 November 1971
|term_end     = 8 May 1982
|predecessor  = [[David Trench]]
|successor    = [[Edward Youde]]
|office1      = [[Member of the House of Lords]]<br />[[Lord Temporal]]
|term_start1  = 21 May 1982
|term_end1    = 27 May 2000<br />[[Life peer|Life Peerage]]
| module = {{Collapsed infobox section begin |Diplomatic positions
|cont = yes
|titlestyle = border:1px dashed lightgrey}}{{Infobox officeholder
|embed = yes
|office2      = [[List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Denmark|British Ambassador to Denmark]]
|term_start2  =  1969
|term_end2    =  1971
|predecessor2 =  [[Oliver Wright (diplomat)|Oliver Wright]]
|successor2   =  [[Andrew Stark (diplomat)|Andrew Stark]]
|office3      = [[List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Vietnam|British Ambassador to Vietnam]]
|term_start3  =  1967
|term_end3    =  1969
|predecessor3 =  [[Peter Wilkinson (diplomat)|Peter Wilkinson]]
|successor3   =  [[John Moreton]] {{Collapsed infobox section end}}
|birth_date= {{birth date|df=yes|1917|10|16}}
|birth_place= [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]]
|death_date= {{death date and age|df=yes|2000|5|27|1917|10|16}}
|death_place= [[Ayrshire]], Scotland
|resting_place= [[Alloway Parish Church]], Scotland
|party=
|profession= Diplomat, colonial administrator
|alma_mater= [[Balliol College, Oxford]] }}
|module2=
{{Infobox Chinese
|child=yes
|t=麥理浩
|s=麦理浩
|j=Mak<sup>6</sup> Lei<sup>5</sup> hou<sup>6</sup>
|y=Mahk Léih houh
|p=Mài Lǐhào
}}
}}
[[File:HK Wong Pao Yue-Kong Swimming Pool Complex Foundation Stone by Murray MacLehose 1977.jpg|thumb|250px|A foundation stone laid by Sir Murray MacLehose, in [[Pao Yue-Kong]] Swimming pool, Hong Kong]]
'''Crawford Murray MacLehose, Baron MacLehose of Beoch''', {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KT|GBE|KCMG|KCVO|DL}} ({{zh|t=麥理浩}}; 16 October 1917 – 27 May 2000), was a British politician, diplomat and colonial official who served as the 25th [[Governor of Hong Kong]], from 1971 to 1982. He was the longest-serving governor of the colony, with four successive terms in office. He previously worked for the British Council in China and was the British Ambassador to [[South Vietnam]] and [[Denmark]].<ref name="Who Was Who">{{cite web
| url         = http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U180193
| title       = MacLEHOSE OF BEOCH, Baron
| work        = Who Was Who, online edition
| author      = A & C Black
| publisher   = Oxford University Press
| year        = 2000
| access-date  = 2 May 2012
}}</ref>
Although MacLehose came from a diplomatic background and lacked colonial administrative experience, he was generally regarded as one of the most successful and popular governors of Hong Kong due to the number of social reforms enacted during his time and for Hong Kong's economic success during his time in office. Although his tenure as governor finished before formal British-Sino negotiations over Hong Kong commenced, he sought to improve diplomatic relations with China and held talks with [[Deng Xiaoping]].<ref name="DNB">Donald, Sir Alan, "MacLehose, (Crawford) Murray, Baron MacLehose of Beoch", Dictionary of National Biographies. Oxford: OUP, 5th edition, 2004. pp. 788-789.</ref><ref name=spurr225/><ref name="tele">"Lord MacLehose of Beoch" (1 June 2000)</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/hkjournal/archive/2010_summer/2.htm |title=LOOKING BACK: HOW LONDON AND BEIJING DECIDED THE FATE OF HONG KONG |access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref>
== Early life and career ==
Murray MacLehose was born in [[Glasgow]], [[Scotland]], on 16 October 1917, the second child of Hamish Alexander MacLehose who owned a printing business and Margaret Bruce Black. He was born whilst his father was away serving with the 8th Battalion of the [[Scottish Rifles]] during the [[First World War]]. MacLehose attended [[Rugby School]] in 1931 and [[Balliol College]], [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] where he read modern history.<ref name="DNB" /><ref name="SCMP" />
After graduating he began working for the colonial administrative government in [[British Malaya]] in 1939 before being temporarily transferred to British consulate in [[Xiamen]] in 1940 to learn [[Hokkien]] which was widely spoken in northern Malaya.<ref name="DNB" /> During [[World War Two]], while under the cover of being the British vice-consul, MacLehose<ref name=":0">p. 150 The Man Who Loved China by Simon Winchester, 2008</ref> trained Chinese guerrillas to operate behind Japanese lines to carry out sabotage. He was detained by the Japanese army in December 1941 before being repatriated back to Britain in 1942.<ref name="spurr225">Spurr (1995), p. 225</ref> He returned to China to work with British naval intelligence. During one episode, he reportedly walked into a club in [[Shantou]] controlled by the Japanese army where he calmly ordered a gin and tonic before leaving without obstruction.<ref name="DNB" /> In May 1944 he met British scientist and historian [[Joseph Needham]].<ref name=":0" />
MacLehose was awarded the [[Order of the British Empire]] by the British government in 1946 for his wartime service.<ref name="DNB" />
== Diplomatic career==
At the end of the Second World War, MacLehose served as the British Acting Consul in [[Fuzhou]] before becoming Consul General for the British Foreign Office in [[Hankou]] in 1948. He developed a keen interest in Chinese culture and learned to speak [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]].<ref name="DNB" /><ref name="WHO">"MacLEHOSE OF BEOCH, Baron" (1999)</ref> MacLehose returned to Britain in 1950 in the aftermath of the [[Chinese Civil War]] in which the [[Chinese Communist Party]] took power.<ref name="SCMP" />
MacLehose was seconded to the [[High Commission of the United Kingdom, Wellington]] in 1954 and was principal private secretary to [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Foreign Secretary]] [[George Brown, Baron George-Brown|George Brown]] in the late 1960s. In this role he helped to oversee the integration of the [[British Colonial Office]] into the Foreign Office.
In 1967, he was appointed the British Ambassador to [[South Vietnam]] and held the role until 1969. His career was almost stalled when he left a copy of a confidential telegram in a bank in 1967. The document contained correspondence between then British Prime Minister [[Harold Wilson]] and US President [[Lyndon B. Johnson|Lyndon Johnson]] concerning the [[Vietnam War]]. Another British diplomat was able to recover the telegram before its contents could be leaked. Upon being informed of the potential security breach, Wilson and Brown decided against allowing an investigation into MacLehose's error out of appreciation of his abilities and record. This decision likely saved his career,<ref name=cable>Peter Graff, [http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=20&art_id=56110&sid=16095436&con_type=1&d_str=20071102&sear_year=2007 Mislaid MacLehose cable reveals UK efforts to end Vietnam War] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604131739/http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=20&art_id=56110&sid=16095436&con_type=1&d_str=20071102&sear_year=2007 |date=4 June 2011 }}, ''[[The Standard (Hong Kong)|The Standard]]'', 2 November 2007</ref> and allowed MacLehose to proceed to his next post as British Ambassador to [[South Vietnam|the Republic of Vietnam]] in 1967.<ref name=cable/>
Between this time and 1971, MacLehose served in the British Embassy in Beijing and briefly as the [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Denmark|Ambassador to Denmark]].{{citation needed|date=June 2022}}
== Governor of Hong Kong ==
MacLehose became Governor of Hong Kong in November 1971. He held the position until May 1982, making him Hong Kong's longest-serving governor: his 10 years and 6 months in office exceeded Sir [[Alexander Grantham]]'s record by one month. He was widely and affectionately known as "Jock the Sock", in reference both to his Scottish heritage and to his name, 'hose' being a word meaning sock or stocking.
MacLehose was appointed Governor shortly after the [[1967 Hong Kong riots]] due to his extensive diplomatic background in Asia, perceived skill to analyse political problems and because the British government felt he lacked colonial baggage. MacLehose summarised that Hong Kong had already established sufficient economic capacity and the time had come to reform Hong Kong's social policies.<ref name="ming21">《香港總督麥理浩爵士》（1982年），頁21。</ref>
MacLehose stood well over six feet tall. He avoided wearing his gubernatorial uniform, as he felt very ill at ease in it but wore a traditional colonial office uniform after arriving on a [[Cathay Pacific]] flight to be sworn in as Governor by [[Hugh Selby Norman-Walker]].
A diplomat with a [[British Labour Party]] background,<ref>The East Asian welfare model: welfare Orientalism and the state by Roger Goodman, Gordon White, and Huck-ju Kwon</ref>{{page needed|date=December 2017}} MacLehose introduced a wide range of reforms during his time in office that laid the foundation of modern Hong Kong as a cohesive, self-aware society.  He had Chinese recognised as an official language for communication, alongside English.  He greatly expanded welfare and set up a massive public housing programme. Under massive public pressure, he created the [[Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong)|ICAC]] to root out corruption. By establishing the [[District Councils of Hong Kong|District Boards]], he greatly improved government accountability.<ref>[http://www.gov.hk/en/about/abouthk/factsheets/docs/district_admin.pdf District Administration] Hong Kong Government</ref> He oversaw the construction of the [[Mass Transit Railway]], Hong Kong's transportation backbone, and other major infrastructure projects.  On his watch, community and arts facilities were expanded, and public campaigns, such as against litter and violent crime, were introduced.
These changes required approval from the [[HM Treasury|UK Government Treasury]] for increased expenditure, and it was against some opposition that, in his first two years in office, Hong Kong government expenditure grew by over 50%.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fitzpatrick|first=Liam|title=Sir Murray MacLehose|work=60 Years of Asian Heroes|publisher=Time|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1555015,00.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104230540/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1555015,00.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 January 2012|access-date=21 March 2012 | date=13 November 2006}}</ref>
MacLehose was convinced China would eventually reclaim Hong Kong and opposed any significant move towards constitutional democracy in Hong Kong.<ref name='Lord MacLehose'>{{cite news|title=Obituaries: Lord MacLehose of Beoch|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1341601/Lord-MacLehose-of-Beoch.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204193537/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1341601/Lord-MacLehose-of-Beoch.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 December 2011|access-date=11 March 2018|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=31 May 2000}}</ref>
Under MacLehose's tenure, Hong Kong faced significant problems with illegal immigration from mainland China due to political turmoil following the [[Chinese Cultural Revolution]]. MacLehose issued the Immigration Ordinance of 1971 which mandated only those who have lived in Hong Kong for seven years can be issued a Hong Kong permanent resident identity card. He also initiated the "catch and release" policy of deciding to repatriate all captured illegal immigrants to China. MacLehose also listed 24 to 26 October 1979 as a three-day grace period to allow illegal immigrants who had already come to Hong Kong to apply for Hong Kong identity cards while police and border patrols with the mainland were intensified. His tenure also saw the arrival of [[Vietnamese boat people]] following the [[Fall of Saigon]]. MacLehose found sites across Hong Kong to set up twelve refugee centers, which were jointly managed by the Hong Kong government and the [[United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees]]. After MacLehose left office, the Vietnamese refugee problem continued to plague Hong Kong. Although the Hong Kong government later announced the implementation of a "lockdown policy" in July 1982 to prevent refugees from leaving refugee centers and reduce the impact of refugees on society. The refugee camps remained in operation until the [[Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]] closed the final camp in 2000.<ref name="SCMP">Sinclair (2 June 2000)</ref>
=== Other notable policies ===
Other major policies introduced during the MacLehose era included:
* The introduction of nine years of compulsory education.<ref>Social policy reform in Hong Kong and Shanghai: a tale of two cities by Linda Wong, Lynn T. White, and Shixun Gui</ref>
* The introduction of the Ten-year Housing Programme in 1972 to alleviate housing problems.<ref>Hong Kong's housing policy: a case study in social justice by Betty Yung</ref>
* The establishment of satellite 'new towns',<ref name="Carroll">{{cite book |title= A concise history of Hong Kong|last= Carroll|first= John Mark|year= 2007|publisher= [[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn= 978-0-7425-3422-3}}</ref> such as [[Sha Tin]] and [[Tuen Mun]].
* The establishment of the [[Hong Kong Country Parks|Country Parks]].<ref name="Carroll"/>
* The introduction and approval of a Labour Ordinance.<ref>Hong Kong employment law: a practical guide by Pattie Walsh Labour ordinance</ref>
* The establishment of the social assistance scheme.<ref name="ReferenceA">Professional ideologies and preferences in social work: a global study by Idit Weiss and John Dixon</ref>
* The construction of the [[Mass Transit Railway]].<ref>Frommer's Hong Kong by Beth Reiber</ref>
* An expansion of community facilities.<ref>Growing with Hong Kong: the University and its graduates: the first 90 years by University of Hong Kong</ref>
* The adoption of Chinese as an official language.<ref>Language policy, culture, and identity in Asian contexts by Amy Tsui and James W. Tollefson</ref>
* The introduction of paid holidays.<ref name="ReferenceB">Hong Kong's tortuous democratization: a comparative analysis by Ming Sing</ref>
* An increase in social service provision for the elderly.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
* The introduction of infirmity and disability allowances.<ref>Understanding the Political Culture of Hong Kong: The Paradox of Activism and Depolitization by Wai-man Lam</ref>
* The introduction of redundancy payments for workers.<ref name="ReferenceB"/>
* The introduction of the [[Home Ownership Scheme]] to encourage owner-occupation.<ref>Hong Kong, China: growth, structural change, and economic stability during the transition by John Dodsworth and Dubravko Mihaljek</ref>
* The introduction of a major rehabilitation programme for the disabled and disadvantaged.<ref>Rehabilitation: A Life's Work by Harry Fang Sinyang and Lawrence Jeffery</ref>
* An increase in the number of schools and hospitals.<ref>Understanding the political culture of Hong Kong: the paradox of activism and depoliticization by Wai-Man Lam</ref>
* The introduction of Criminal and Law Enforcement Injuries Compensation.<ref name="Jones">Promoting prosperity: the Hong Kong way of social policy by Catherine M. Jones</ref>
* The introduction of Traffic Accident Victims Assistance.<ref name="Jones"/>
* The introduction of special needs allowances for the elderly.<ref name="Jones"/>
* The introduction of sickness allowances for eligible manual and lower-paid non-manual workers.<ref name="Jones"/>
* The introduction of weekly rest days.<ref name="Jones"/>
* The introduction of Labour Tribunals.<ref name="Jones"/>
* The establishment of the Junior Secondary Education Assessment (JSEA) system to increase the number of subsidised places in senior secondary education.<ref name="Jones"/>
* The establishment of Geotechnical Engineering Office (part of [[Civil Engineering and Development Department]]) to ensure safeties of slopes and hillside to avoid further loss of lives due to landslides and slips of [[Sau Mau Ping Estate|Sau Mau Ping]] in 1972 and 1976.<ref>{{YouTube|tbCX9NKdEwo|Computer Animation of the 1972 & 76 Sau Mau Ping Landslides}}</ref>
* The establishment of the [[Hong Kong Sports Institute|Jubilee Sports Centre]]
* The establishment of the [[The Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts|Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts]]
=== Relations with China ===
In order to cooperate with the improvement of Sino-British relations, MacLehose took a series of actions to repair the tense relations between China and Hong Kong since the Cultural Revolution and the June 7th riots. MacLehose was the first Governor of Hong Kong to make an official visit to China since the founding of the People's Republic of China. [[Alexander Grantham]] had been the first Hong Kong governor had visited Beijing in 1955, but in a private capacity.<ref name="tele" /><ref name="Macre">鄧惠鈞監製，《麥理浩十年》。香港：電視廣播有限公司，1982年。</ref>
=== Hong Kong sovereignty negotiations ===
{{main|Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong}}
In 1979, MacLehose raised the question of Britain's 99-year lease of the [[New Territories]] (an area that encompasses all territories north of [[Boundary Street]] on the [[Kowloon Peninsula]]), with [[Deng Xiaoping]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hurst|first=Matthew|date=2022|title=Britain's Approach to the Negotiations over the Future of Hong Kong, 1979–1982|journal=The International History Review|volume=44 |issue=6 |pages=1386–1401 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2021.2024588 |doi-access=free}}</ref> After returning to Hong Kong with the talks, MacLehose wished to avoid a public panic and did not publicly disclose the nature of the talks. He only quoted Deng Xiaoping as "telling Hong Kong investors to rest assured" but abandoned plans to reform Hong Kong's democratic model out of fear of provoking the Chinese government.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://carnegieendowment.org/hkjournal/archive/2010_summer/2.htm |title=LOOKING BACK: HOW LONDON AND BEIJING DECIDED THE FATE OF HONG KONG |access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> The talks, although inconclusive at the time, eventually involved top British Government officials and paved the way for the handover of Hong Kong in its entirety, including those parts ceded to the UK in perpetuity, to the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997.
== Legacy and assessment ==
{{multiple image
|align = center
|direction = horizontal
|footer_align = center
|image1 = R38943437917 Upper section of Tai Mo Shan Road meandering up the mountain.JPG
|width1 = 300
|caption1 = The [[MacLehose Trail]] near [[Tai Mo Shan Road]]
|image2 = HK LadyMacLehoseHolidayVillage MainEntrance.JPG
|width2 = 300
|caption2 = Lady MacLehose Resort, [[Pak Tam Chung]]
}}
MacLehose is generally regarded as one of the most beloved governors in Hong Kong's history. His various policies were credited with changing the original appearance of Hong Kong, transforming it from a relatively traditional colony into a rapidly developing large region. He was particularly praised for his efforts to improve education, medical care, public transportation and anti-corruption measures.<ref name="DNB" /><ref name=spurr225/><ref name="tele"/><ref name="HKU">"[https://web.archive.org/web/20150419143724/http://www4.hku.hk/hongrads/index.php/archive/graduate_detail/96 The Rt Hon the Lord Crawford Murray MACLEHOSE of Beoch]", ''The Honorary Graduates''. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong, 1992.</ref><ref name="BBC" />
When MacLehose finished his term as Governor of Hong Kong in 1982, the [[South China Morning Post]] and the chief unofficial member of the Legislative Council [[Roger Lobo]] unanimously used the term "MacLehose Era" to describe the entire 1970s and 1980s of Hong Kong under MacLehose's rule. In the early 1990s, it was believed that his more than 10 years as governor of Hong Kong had a profound impact on Hong Kong. In an interview in his later years, MacLehose admitted that during his tenure, he was "committed to rapidly expanding social services and housing supply" in response to the dissatisfaction expressed by citizens during the 1967 leftist riots. He believed that these policies could not only effectively bring the public and the people closer, but also accelerate the modernization of society and was therefore an important and correct policy for Hong Kong. Due to his fondness for hiking and promotion of outdoor pursuits various nature sites and picnic spots were named after him and his wife in Hong Kong, including the [[MacLehose Trail]] and the Lady MacLehose Holiday Village in [[Sai Kung District|Sai Kung]]<ref name="SCMP" /><ref name="HKU" />
However, MacLehose's tenure has faced some criticism due to his perceived failure to enact democratic reforms. MacLehose was critical of attempted democratic reforms enacted by [[Chris Patten]] in 1994 ahead of the Hong Kong's handover. He believed the "[[one country, two systems]]" concept proposed by Xiaoping would fully bring stability to Hong Kong's future, although he admitted to feeling worried ahead of China's assumption of sovereignty of Hong Kong but believed the people of Hong Kong would be resilient enough to work the situation out. Members of Hong Kong's [[pro-democracy camp]] have said that although MacLehose improved the relationship between Hong Kong and China, he overly accommodated China during talks with Xiaoping by not negotiating for China to accept democratic autonomy and [[universal suffrage in Hong Kong]] as part of the handover deal.<ref name="BBC">"Former Hong Kong Governor Dies" (1 June 2000)</ref> [[Democratic Party (Hong Kong)|Democratic Party]] politician [[Martin Lee]] once criticized MacLehose for not taking the lead in implementing further democratic reforms before China and Britain discussed the [[handover of Hong Kong]] and stated that this was a missed opportunity. MacLehose later insisted he did not "give Hong Kong away" to China but admitted out of concern of angering the Chinese government he felt an "obvious sense of powerlessness" in implementing democratic reforms and believed the implementation of universal suffrage for the [[Hong Kong Legislative Council]] during his time in office would have intensified conflict between the [[Chinese Communist Party]] and the [[Kuomintang]]. MacLehose often emphasized that his mission as the Governor of Hong Kong was to ensure that its citizens led a prosperous and peaceful life.<ref name="BBC" /><ref name="tele" />
== Post-governorship and later life ==
After his governorship ended in 1982, MacLehose served as a director for [[NatWest]] bank from 1982 to 1988. He was made a [[life peer]] as '''Baron MacLehose of Beoch''', of [[Maybole]] in the District of [[Kyle and Carrick]] and of Victoria in Hong Kong, later that year. He sat as a [[crossbench peer]] in the [[House of Lords]]. In 1983, MacLehose was made a [[Order of the Thistle|Knight of the Thistle]]. In 1992 he was awarded an honorary doctorate (LLD) by the [[University of Hong Kong]].<ref>[http://www3.hku.hk/hongrads/index.php/archive/graduate_detail/96 University of Hong Kong, Honorary Degrees Congregation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928122926/http://www3.hku.hk/hongrads/index.php/archive/graduate_detail/96 |date=28 September 2011 }}</ref> When he was 80 years old, he, alongside former Prime Minister [[Sir Edward Heath]] and former Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary [[Geoffrey Howe|Lord Howe]], attended the official swearing-in ceremony of the [[Hong Kong Special Administrative Region]]'s [[Chief Executive of Hong Kong|Chief Executive]] on 1 July 1997, which was boycotted by the British Government.<ref name='Lord MacLehose'/>
==Personal life==
MacLehose married Margaret Noël Dunlop, the daughter of Scottish cricketer [[Thomas Dunlop (cricketer)|Thomas Dunlop]] in 1947. They had twin daughters born in 1949. One of his daughters Sylvia became an activist for the rights of disabled people after being paralyzed in a car accident and is a member of the Scottish Council on Disability.<ref name="DNB" />
Outside of his diplomatic career, MacLehose and his wife had a love of sailing and hiking. In recognition of his fondness for outdoor pursuits. MacLehose was a member of the [[Athenaeum Club, London]]. After his retirement he took up farming and [[Sheepherding|shepherding]] at his prorpety in [[Maybole]].
MacLehose died in [[Ayrshire]], Scotland, on 27 May 2000 at the age of 82. After he passed away, then Hong Kong Chief Executive [[Tung Chee-hwa]] and Chief Secretary for Administration [[Anson Chan]] both expressed their sadness. Tung Chee-hwa stated "his passing has caused us to lose a close friend."<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2000 |title=行政長官聲明 |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200006/01/0601185.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230427103339/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200006/01/0601185.htm |archive-date=27 April 2023 |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=www.info.gov.hk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=政務司司長回應新聞界查詢 |url=https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200006/01/0601249.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711014925/https://www.info.gov.hk/gia/general/200006/01/0601249.htm |archive-date=11 July 2022 |access-date=2024-08-08 |website=www.info.gov.hk}}</ref>
== Honours and recognition ==
* [[Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) (1946)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37407 |date=1 January 1946 |page=16 |supp=y}}</ref>
* [[Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]] (CMG) (1964)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=43200 |date=1 January 1964 |page=5 |supp=y}}</ref>
* [[Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George]] (KCMG) (1971)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=45384 |date=12 June 1971 |page=5959 |supp=y}}</ref>
* Knight of the [[Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem]] (KStJ) (1972)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=45601 |date=17 February 1972 |page=2005 }}</ref>
* [[Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]] (KCVO) (1975)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46610 |date=19 June 1975 |page=7843}}</ref>
* [[Knight Grand Cross of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire]] (GBE) (1976)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=46919 |date=12 June 1976 |page=8031 |supp=y}}</ref>
* [[Life Peer]]age (1982) (Barony of MacLehose of Beoch, of Maybole in the District of Kyle and Carrick, and of Victoria in Hong Kong)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=48992 |date=26 May 1982 |page=6989}}</ref>
* [[Knight of the Thistle]] (KT) (1983)<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=49557 |date=2 December 1983 |page=15977}}</ref>
* Honorary [[Doctor of Laws]], [[University of Hong Kong]]
*The 100-kilometre [[MacLehose Trail]], stretching from [[Sai Kung Peninsula]] to [[Tuen Mun]] in the New Territories, was named after him (Maclehose was an enthusiastic hiker)
*The [[MacLehose Medical Rehabilitation Centre]], the MacLehose Dental Centre, the Lady MacLehose Holiday Village, and the Sir Murray MacLehose Trust Fund was also named to commemorate him or his wife
==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==External links==
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/772462.stm BBC News: Former Hong Kong Governor dies]
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{{s-bef | before = [[Nicholas Henderson|Sir Nicholas Henderson]] }}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[Principal Private Secretary to the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|Principal Private Secretary <br /> to the Foreign Secretary]] | years = 1965–1967 }}
{{s-aft | after  = [[Donald Maitland|Sir Donald Maitland]] }}
{{s-bef | before = [[Peter Wilkinson (SOE)|Sir Peter Wilkinson]] }}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Vietnam|British Ambassador <br /> to Vietnam]] | years = 1967–1969 }}
{{s-aft | after  = [[John Moreton|Sir John Moreton]] }}
{{s-bef | before = [[Oliver Wright (diplomat)|Sir Oliver Wright]] }}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[List of Ambassadors from the United Kingdom to Denmark|British Ambassador <br /> to Denmark]] | years = 1969–1971 }}
{{s-aft | after  = [[Andrew Stark (diplomat)|Sir Andrew Stark]] }}
{{s-bef | before = [[David Trench|Sir David Trench]] }}
{{s-ttl | title  = [[Governor of Hong Kong|Governor and Commander-in-Chief, <br /> Hong Kong]] | years = 1971–1982 }}
{{s-aft | after  = [[Edward Youde|Sir Edward Youde]] }}
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{{Governor of Hong Kong}}
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[[Category:1917 births]]
[[Category:2000 deaths]]
[[Category:Politicians from Glasgow]]
[[Category:Nobility from Glasgow]]
[[Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford]]
[[Category:People educated at Rugby School]]
[[Category:Governors of Hong Kong]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George]]
[[Category:Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Knights of the Thistle]]
[[Category:Crossbench life peers]]
[[Category:Diplomatic peers]]
[[Category:Deputy lieutenants of Ayrshire and Arran]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Vietnam]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to China]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Denmark]]
[[Category:Principal Private Secretaries to the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs]]
[[Category:Members of HM Diplomatic Service]]
[[Category:20th-century Hong Kong people]]
[[Category:20th-century British politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century British diplomats]]
[[Category:Life peers created by Elizabeth II]]