View source for NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge

[[File:2012 Moonbuggy Race Purdue University in crater vignetted cropped.jpg|thumb|Students traverse a simulated crater in a moonbuggy they designed and built themselves.]]
The '''NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge''', prior to 2014 referred to as the '''Great Moonbuggy Race''', is an annual competition for high school and college students to design, build, and race human-powered, collapsible vehicles over simulated lunar/Martian terrain.  [[NASA]] sponsors the competition, first held in 1994, and, since 1996, the [[U.S. Space & Rocket Center]] hosts.<ref name="FactSheet">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/pdf/633342main_The_19th_Annual_NASA_Great_Moonbuggy_Race.pdf | title=Official NASA Great Moonbuggy Race Fact Sheet | publisher=NASA | accessdate=April 5, 2013 | pages=4}}</ref><ref name="AboutRovers">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/roverchallenge/competition/index.html | title=About NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge | accessdate=April 11, 2014 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411220023/http://www.nasa.gov/roverchallenge/competition/index.html | archivedate=April 11, 2014}}</ref>
Students created vehicles dubbed "moonbuggies" to face challenges similar to those engineers at NASA's [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] addressed in preparation for [[Apollo 15]]. On that mission, on July 31, 1971, the first [[Lunar Roving Vehicle]] extended the range of astronauts on the Moon to allow for further exploration than was otherwise possible.  Two other rovers were sent to the Moon on subsequent missions.<ref name="FactSheet"/>
With the 2014 changes in the contest, the motivation changed to mimicking design challenges faced by engineers designing rovers for future exploration missions to a variety of celestial bodies.<ref name="AboutRovers"/>
[[File:1994 Moonbuggy Race Puerto Rico over boulders.jpg|thumb|The first two events were held at the original track used for testing lunar rover candidates.  Here, the team from Puerto Rico navigates boulders.]]
The first race, in 1994, was held on July 16, the 25th anniversary of the [[Apollo 11]] launch.  It featured six college teams who competed on the same course as had been used to test the lunar rovers previously.  The [[University of New Hampshire]] finished first, in 18 minutes 55 seconds for the {{convert|1.4|mi|adj=on}} course with twelve obstacles. The prize was a trip for six team members to see a [[Space Shuttle]] launch. Other teams from the [[University of Puerto Rico at Humacao]], [[Texas A & M University]], the [[University of Alabama in Huntsville]], [[Georgia Institute of Technology]] and [[Indiana University]]/[[Purdue University at Indianapolis]] participated.<ref name="MS940720">{{cite news | title=Moon Buggy Race was Wheeling Task for Students | work=Marshall Star | date=July 20, 1994}}</ref>
Subsequent races have been held in April.  In 1996, the competition was moved to a {{convert|.75|mi|adj=on}} course at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center; high school teams also began competing.
== Rules ==
The rules change year by year, but are largely summarized thus:<ref name="rules">{{cite web | url=http://moonbuggy.msfc.nasa.gov/rules.html | title=Moonbuggy Rules and Penalties | publisher=NASA | accessdate=April 6, 2013 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130215233414/http://moonbuggy.msfc.nasa.gov/rules.html | archivedate=2013-02-15}}</ref><ref name="2014 Rules">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/roverchallenge/rules/index.html#.U0hkXHVdWD0 | title=Rover Challenge Rules | publisher=NASA | accessdate=April 11, 2014 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140411215701/http://www.nasa.gov/roverchallenge/rules/index.html | archivedate=2014-04-11}}</ref>
* A team of at most six people designs, builds, and races the same vehicle.<ref name="2014 Rules"/>
* Two of the six must ride and propel the vehicle through the course.<ref name="Time10">{{cite web | url=http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1981287,00.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415035620/http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1981287,00.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=April 15, 2010 | title=NASA's Great Moonbuggy Race | publisher=Time | work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] | year=2010 | access-date=2013-04-07}}</ref>
* Riders must be one male and one female.<ref name="Time10"/>
* The moonbuggy (pre-2014) must fit into a {{convert|4|ft|adj=on}} cube and be no more than 4&nbsp;ft wide.<ref name="Greenemeier">{{cite web | url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=nasa-moon-buggy-race-2009 | title=Slide Show: Students Gear Up for NASA's Annual Moon Buggy Race | publisher=Scientific American | date=April 3, 2009 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Greenemeier, Larry}}</ref>  Beginning in 2014, the rover constraint was a {{convert|5|ft|adj=on}} cube.
* The vehicle needs to carry a simulated [[high-gain antenna]], camera, and other instrumentation which must consume at least {{convert|1|ft3|L}}.<ref name="2014 Rules"/><ref name="Greenemeier"/>
* Various other dimensional and safety criteria apply.
* Time penalties are assessed for touching the ground, avoiding obstacles, and other rule violations.<ref name="2014 Rules"/><ref name="Time10"/>
*Since 2016, the teams have to design and fabricate their own non-pneumatic tires/wheels. Purchasing a commercially available product will lead to disqualification.
== Course ==
[[File:2012 Great Moonbuggy Race Course Map.png|thumb|Since 1996, the course winds through the rocket park at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville, Alabama.  This map shows the 2012 course.]]
The course is designed to test rovers for stability over varying simulated lunar or extraterrestrial terrain—bumpy, sloped, and rocky—including some tight turns.<ref name="Greenemeier"/> The first course was the actual track used by Mobility Test Articles, auditioning versions of Lunar Roving Vehicles that were used on the Moon. For the third race the course was moved a few miles, to the U.S. Space & Rocket Center. There, the track has taken varying paths through the rocket park and around the permanent lunar crater feature at the museum. Each year, the obstacles change slightly.<ref name="FactSheet"/>
[[File:2013 Great Moonbuggy Race obstacle preparation.jpg|thumb|An obstacle for the 2013 contest awaits final preparations.  Tires form small craters and gravel substitutes for Moon surface material.]]
The obstacles are constructed of discarded tires, plywood, some 20 tons of gravel and five tons of sand, all to simulate lunar craters, basins, and [[rille]]s.<ref name="Greenemeier"/> The contest is challenging: in 2009, 29 of 68 teams competing did not complete the race.<ref name="CNet09"/> Sometimes the placement of the obstacle is an issue, with some teams hitting obstacles too fast after a downhill stint.<ref name="HT10"/>
Before students tackle the race course, their vehicles must pass inspection. At the team's start time, the two riding students must carry the buggy, collapsed to fit in a {{convert|5|ft|adj=on}} cube (pre-2014 a {{convert|4|ft|adj=on}} cube), for {{convert|20|ft|m}}, then expand the rover and ride it across the obstacles and along the track, avoiding cones marking the edges of the course, bales of hay, and other obstructions, while successfully navigating the modest hills of the terrain and obstacles. After the race, another inspection assesses the condition of the vehicle, with time penalties if parts are missing.<ref name="rules"/>
== Contestants ==
Contestants are high school and university students largely from the United States, including Puerto Rico. Teams have also come from Canada, Mexico, India, Germany, and Romania to participate.<ref name="Greenemeier"/><ref name="HT09"/>
== Awards ==
Numerous awards are offered each year, some with significant prizes.  First place college winners have received trips to Shuttle launches and cash prizes, while others have received weekends at Space Camp. In 2009, there were 11 categories for special recognition with 19 recipients thereof.  Consistent from the beginning have been awards for fastest time and for best design.  Other awards acknowledge simplicity of design, safety, tenacity, team spirit, improvement over previous years' entries, and exceptional new entries.<ref name="NASA09"/>
== Winners ==
This list gives winners for time(<sup>t</sup>) and design(<sup>d</sup>) awards which have been consistently offered since the start.  Awards were often also given for other categories but they are not included here in the interest of readability.
[[File:Graff Career Center Navigates Crater in the Great Moonbuggy Race 1999.jpg|thumb|Students from Graff Career Center, Springfield, Missouri. navigate the 360° turn around the permanent crater feature at the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in 1999.]]
[[File:Cornell No. 2 Great Moonbuggy Race 2002.jpg|thumb|The Cornell #2 team competes in the 2002 race.]]
[[File:NDSU Moonbuggy Race 2003.jpg|thumb|North Dakota State University students enter an obstacle on the course in 2003.]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! High School !! College !! Remarks
|-
| 1994 || none || University of New Hampshire<sup>t</sup><br>[[University of Puerto Rico at Humacao]]<sup>d</sup> || Original test track, 1.4 miles, rain<ref name="MS940720"/>
|-
| 1995 || none || Georgia Institute of Technology<sup>t</sup><br>University of Alabama in Huntsville<sup>d</sup> || Original test track<ref>{{cite news | title=Modern Moon Buggies  Race Over Historic Terrain | work=Marshall Star | date=April 26, 1995}}</ref>
|-
| 1996 || [[Bob Jones High School]]<sup>td</sup> || University of Alabama in Huntsville<sup>t</sup><br>[[Arizona State University]]<sup>d</sup> || First at [[USSRC]], {{convert|3/4|mile|adj=on}} track<ref>{{cite news | title=Local Schools Win Great Moon Buggy Race | work=Marshall Star | date=April 24, 1996}}</ref>
|-
| 1997 || [[Monterey High School (Louisiana)]]<sup>td</sup> || [[University of California at Santa Barbara]]<sup>td</sup> || {{convert|1/2|mile|adj=on}} track<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.News/NASA.News.Releases/Previous.News.Releases/97.News.Releases/97-04.News.Releases/97-04-17.Great.Moon.Buggy.Race | title=Great Moon Buggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=April 17, 1997 | accessdate=April 6, 2013 | author=Berg, Jerry | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000109061725/http://www.spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.News/NASA.News.Releases/Previous.News.Releases/97.News.Releases/97-04.News.Releases/97-04-17.Great.Moon.Buggy.Race | archivedate=January 9, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.News/NASA.News.Releases/Previous.News.Releases/97.News.Releases/97-04.News.Releases/97-04-21.Great.Moon.Buggy.Race.Winners | title=Great Moon Buggy Race Winners | publisher=NASA | accessdate=April 6, 2013 | author=Berg, Jerry | date=April 21, 1997 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000109204802/http://www.spacelink.nasa.gov/NASA.News/NASA.News.Releases/Previous.News.Releases/97.News.Releases/97-04.News.Releases/97-04-21.Great.Moon.Buggy.Race.Winners | archivedate=January 9, 2000}}</ref>
|-
| 1998 || Monterey High School<sup>t</sup><br>[[Autauga County Vocational Center]]<sup>d</sup>  || [[The College of New Jersey|College of New Jersey]]<sup>t</sup><br>Arizona State University<sup>d</sup> || Rain<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/1998/98-049.html | title=Monterey High School Celebrates Victory Following 5th Annual Great Moon Buggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=April 18, 1998 | accessdate=2013-04-06 | author=Berg, Jerry | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20001121013300/http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/1998/98-049.html | archivedate=November 21, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/1998/98-050.html | title=New Jersey and Louisiana Schools Celebrate Victory  Following 5th Annual Great Moon Buggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=April 20, 1998 | accessdate=April 6, 2013 | author=Berg, Jerry | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000902201720/http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/1998/98-050.html | archivedate=September 2, 2000}}</ref>
|-
| 1999 || [[Graff Career Center]]<sup>td</sup> || [[Pittsburg State University]] team 4<sup>t</sup><br>College of New Jersey<sup>d</sup>|| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/1999/99-064.html | title=Kansas College and Missouri High School Are Winners In 6th Annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' | publisher=NASA | date=April 17, 1999 | accessdate=2013-04-06 | author=Berg, Jerry | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000824080043/http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/1999/99-064.html | archivedate=August 24, 2000}}</ref>
|-
| 2000 || Pittsburg High School, Kansas<sup>t</sup><br>[[Orleans Parish Area Schools]]<sup>d</sup> || College of New Jersey<sup>t</sup><br>[[South Dakota State University]]<sup>d</sup> || First two-day contest<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/2000/00-126.html | title=Team From Pittsburg, Kan., Powers to Top of High School Division at NASA's 7th Annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' | date=April 7, 2000 | accessdate=2013-04-06 | author=Berg, Jerry | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817055911/http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/2000/00-126.html | archivedate=August 17, 2000}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/2000/00-127.html | title=New Jersey School Powers to Top of College Division at NASA's 7th Annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' | publisher=NASA | date=April 8, 2000 | accessdate=2013-04-06 | author=Berg, Jerry | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20000817055905/http://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/NEWSROOM/news/releases/2000/00-127.html | archivedate=August 17, 2000}}</ref>
|-
| 2001 || Graff Career Center<sup>t</sup><br>[[Lafayette County High School (Missouri)]] team 1<sup>d</sup> || Pittsburg State University team 2<sup>t</sup><br>[[University of New Hampshire]]<sup>d</sup>|| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/news/news/releases/2001/01-109.html | title=Kansas team triumphs in college division of NASA's 8th Annual "Great Moonbuggy Race" | publisher=NASA | date=April 7, 2001 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070522053518/http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/news/news/releases/2001/01-109.html | archivedate=2007-05-22}}</ref>
|-
| 2002 || Lafayette County High School in Higginsville, Mo.<sup>t</sup><br>New Orleans Area Schools team 2<sup>d</sup> || Cornell University<sup>t</sup><br>College of New Jersey<sup>d</sup> || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/news/news/releases/2002/02-089.html | title=New York team triumphs in college division of NASA's 9th annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' | publisher=NASA | date=April 13, 2002 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516134637/http://www.msfc.nasa.gov/news/news/releases/2002/02-089.html | archivedate=2007-05-16}}</ref>
|-
| 2003 || Lafayette County (Mo.) C-1 High School Team No. 2<sup>t</sup> || [[North Dakota State University]]<sup>t</sup> || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2003/03-057.html | title=North Dakota triumphs in college division of NASA's 10th annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' | date=April 12, 2003 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | archivedate=2006-09-28 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928225431/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2003/03-057.html}}</ref>
|-
| 2004 || New Orleans Area High Schools || North Dakota State University<sup>t</sup> || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2004/04-091.html | title=North Dakota State Triumphs in College Division of NASA's 11th Annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' Saturday | publisher=NASA | date=April 3, 2004 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Jensen, Martin | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060928225814/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2004/04-091.html | archivedate=2006-09-28}}</ref>
|-
| 2005 || [[Madison County Career Academy]] team 1<sup>t</sup> || [[Utah State University]]<sup>t</sup> || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www1.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2005/05-043.html | title=Hometown Team Wins High School Division in NASA's 12th Annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' Friday | publisher=NASA | date=April 8, 2005 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Jensen, Martin | url-status=dead | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061012133235/http://www1.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2005/05-043.html | archivedate=2006-10-12}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2005/05-045.html | title=Utah State University Triumphs in College Division Of NASA's 12th Annual 'Great Moonbuggy Race' Saturday | publisher=NASA | date=April 9, 2005 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Jensen, Martin | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614230847/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2005/05-045.html | archivedate=2007-06-14}}</ref>
|-
| 2006 || [[Huntsville Center for Technology]]<sup>t</sup> || Pittsburg State University<sup>t</sup> || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/2300-11395_3-6059380-1.html | title=Photos: 'Moonbuggies' bounce to the finish line | publisher=CNet | date=April 10, 2006 | accessdate=2013-04-06 | pages=8}}</ref>
|-
| 2007 || Huntsville Center for Technology<sup>t</sup> || Rochester Institute of Technology<sup>t</sup> || <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2007/07-044.html | title=Huntsville Center for Technology Conquers Space-Age Terrain to Win the High School Division of NASA's Great Moonbuggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=April 13, 2007 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Storey, Angela | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607144516/http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2007/07-044.html | archivedate=2007-06-07}}</ref>
|-
| 2008 || [[Erie High School (Kansas)]] Team 2<sup>t</sup><br>Erie High School Team 1<sup>d</sup> || University of Evansville<sup>t</sup><br>Pittsburg State University<sup>d</sup> || <ref>{{cite news | url=http://cjonline.com/stories/041206/kan_buggy.shtml | title=Students' moonbuggy takes prize | work=Topeka Capital-Journal | date=April 12, 2006 | agency=AP | accessdate=2013-04-06 | location=Pittsburg, Kansas}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2008/08-042.html | title=University of Evansville, Ind., Students Rocket to First Place in College Division of NASA's Great Moonbuggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=April 5, 2008 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Storey, Angela}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2008/08-041.html | title=Erie High Team From Erie, Kan., Overcomes Moonscape, All Competitors To Win High School Division Of NASA's Great Moonbuggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=April 4, 2008 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Storey, Angela}}</ref>
|-
| 2009 || tie Erie High School (Kansas)<sup>t</sup><br>tie Huntsville Center for Technology Team 2<sup>t</sup><br>[[Tudor Vianu National High School of Computer Science]]<sup>d</sup> || [[Rochester Institute of Technology]]<sup>t</sup><br>[[Tennessee Technological University]]<sup>d</sup> || {{convert|0.7|mi|km}} course<ref name="CNet09">{{cite web | url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-11386_3-10213280-76.html | title=Photos: NASA's moonbuggy stakes | publisher=CNet | date=April 6, 2009 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Skillings, Jonathan | pages=19}}</ref><ref name="HT09">{{cite web | url=http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/local.ssf?/base/news/1238750122233510.xml&coll=1 | title=Moon buggy races today | publisher=Huntsville Times | work=al.com | date=April 3, 2009 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Cumbow, Victoria}}</ref><ref name="NASA09">{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2009/09-026.html | title=NASA Names 16th Annual Great Moonbuggy Race Winners | publisher=NASA | date=April 4, 2009 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Storey, Angela}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/local.ssf?/base/news/123894090826040.xml&coll=1 | title=Fastest times for the Great Moonbuggy race | publisher=al.com | work=Huntsville Times | date=April 5, 2009 | accessdate=2013-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2009/04/05/resultsmoonbuggyNOTES.ART_ART_04-05-09_B5_LKDF9DE.html | title=Moonbuggy race: Broken part eliminates OSU | work=Columbus Dispatch | date=April 5, 2009 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Gray, Kathy Lynn}}</ref>
|-
| 2010 || [[International Space Education Institute]] of [[Leipzig]]<sup>t</sup><br>[[Teodoro Aguilar Mora Vocational High School]] Team 2<sup>d</sup> || The University of Puerto Rico at Humacao<sup>t</sup><br>University of Alabama in Huntsville<sup>d</sup> || <ref name="HT10">{{cite web | url=http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/local.ssf?/base/news/1270977347296030.xml&coll=1 | title=Moonbuggy challenge grows | publisher=Huntsville Times | work=al.com | date=April 11, 2010 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Marshall, Mike}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2010/10-029.html | title=NASA Announces Winners of 17th Annual Great Moonbuggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=April 10, 2010 | accessdate=2013-04-07 | author=Storey, Angela}}</ref>
|-
| 2011 || Teodoro Aguilar Mora Vocational High School Team 2<sup>t</sup> || University of Puerto Rico in Humacao<sup>t</sup> || UPRH is the only contestant to enter in every race thus far.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/moonmars/moonbuggy2011/moonbuggy_2011_final.html | title=NASA Announces Winners of 18th Annual Great Moonbuggy Race: Puerto Rico teams take top awards in high school, college divisions | publisher=NASA | date=April 2, 2011 | accessdate=2013-04-07}}</ref>
|-
| 2012 || [[Petra Mercado High School]]<sup>t</sup><br>[[Colegio Nuestra Señora del Perpetuo Socorro-Humacao]]<sup>d</sup>|| University of Alabama in Huntsville<sup>t</sup><br>International Space Education Institute Team Russia in Moscow<sup>d</sup>
|| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/moonbuggy/moonbuggy2012/moonbuggy_2012_results.html | title=Winners of 19th Annual NASA Great Moonbuggy Race Announced | publisher=NASA | date=April 14, 2012 | accessdate=2013-04-07}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || Teodoro Aguilar Mora Vocational High School<sup>t</sup><br>[[Academy of Arts, Careers and Technology]]<sup>d</sup> || University of Puerto Rico at Humacao<sup>t</sup><br>[[Southern Illinois University]]<sup>d</sup> || There was some concern that the race might be called off due to [[Budget sequestration in 2013|sequestration]], but NASA Associate Administrator for Education, [[Leland D. Melvin]] specifically exempted the event.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=43654 | title=Letter from NASA AA for Education Leland Melvin to Education Coordinating Council on Waivers for Education and Public Outreach Activities | publisher=Spaceref | work=Spaceref.com | date=March 26, 2013 | accessdate=2013-04-08 | author=Melvin, Leland}}</ref><ref name="2013on">{{cite web | url=http://blog.al.com/breaking/2013/03/nasa_great_moonbuggy_race_will.html | title=NASA Great Moonbuggy Race dodges sequestration cut and will go on in April | publisher=al.com | work=Huntsville Times | date=March 26, 2013 | accessdate=2013-04-08 | author=Roop, Lee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/moonbuggy/moonbuggy_2013_results.html | title=Puerto Rico Teams Take Top Spots at 20th NASA Great Moonbuggy Race | publisher=NASA | date=2013-04-27 | accessdate=2013-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| 2014 || Academy of Arts, Careers and Technology<sup>td</sup> || University of Puerto Rico at Humacao Team 2<sup>t</sup><br>[[Middle Tennessee State University]] – Team 2<sup>d</sup> ||First "Human Exploration Rover Challenge," harder course, non-pneumatic wheels<ref>{{cite web | url=http://blog.al.com/breaking/2014/04/nasas_new_rover_challenge_is_t.html | title=NASA's new rover challenge is tough, just like the rest of the agency's life today | publisher=Huntsville Times | date=April 11, 2014 | accessdate=April 17, 2014 | author=Roop, Lee}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://spacefellowship.com/news/art38067/2014-nasa-human-rover-exploration-challenge-results.html | title=2014 NASA Human Rover Exploration Challenge Results | work=Space Fellowship | date=April 13, 2014 | accessdate=April 17, 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || University Gardens High School of San Juan, Puerto Rico<sup>t</sup><br>Parish Episcopal School of Dallas, Texas<sup>d</sup> || International Space Education Institute Team Russia of Moscow<sup>t</sup><br>[[Auburn University]] of Auburn, Alabama<sup>d</sup>
|| <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/complete-award-winners-for-the-2015-nasa-human-exploration-rover-challenge | title=Complete Award Winners for the 2015 NASA Human Exploration Rover Challenge | publisher=NASA | date=April 21, 2015 | accessdate=2016-04-05}}</ref>
|-
| 2016 || [[Purdue University Calumet]] – Team 1<sup>t</sup><br>Purdue University Calumet – Team 2<sup>d</sup> || Rafaelina E. Lebron Flores of Patillas, Puerto Rico<sup>t</sup><br>Colegio Nuestra Senora del Perpetuo Socorro of Humacao<sup>d</sup> || This was the first year for teams to design their own wheels.  The 2016 contest also added four sample collections of liquid, pebbles, large rocks, and soil.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-announces-winners-of-2016-human-exploration-rover-challenge |title=NASA Announces Winners of 2016 Human Exploration Rover Challenge |date=2016-04-11 |access-date=2017-03-27}}</ref>
|-
| 2018 || Buckhorn High School<sup>f</sup> || University of Alabama in Huntsville - Team 1 || This was the first year the competition included a points system. Points were awarded for the weight of the buggies as well as obstacles and missions completed around the course. Teams were given 6 minutes to complete tasks, and the 7th minute to reach the finish line.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/releases/2018/18-017.html |title=NASA Announces Winners of Weather-shortened Rover Challenge |date=2018-04-18 |access-date=2018-12-04}}</ref>
|-
| 2021 || Parish Episcopal School Team 1 || Universidad Nacional de Colombia || On-Site activities cancelled due to [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/nasa-human-exploration-rover-challenge-cancels-in-person-competition-virtual-awards-to-be.html |title=Rover Challenge Cancels In-Person Competition; Awards Presented in May |last=Bryan |first=William |date=2020-03-16 |website=NASA |access-date=2020-04-18}}</ref> Overall winners decided by design, documentation, and presentation categories.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/releases/2021/nasa-announces-winners-of-2021-human-exploration-rover-challenge.html |title=NASA Announces Winners of 2021 Human Exploration Rover Challenge |date=2016-04-11 |access-date=2021-09-27}}</ref>
|}
<sup>t</sup>First place for time<br>
<sup>d</sup>Best design award<br>
<sup>f</sup>Featherweight award
== References ==
{{Reflist|2}}
== External links ==
{{Commons}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812034733/http://moonbuggy.msfc.nasa.gov/ NASA Great Moonbuggy Race official site]
* [http://www.nasa.gov/topics/technology/moonbuggy Public Affairs site]
* [https://www.flickr.com/groups/moonbuggy/ Flickr images]
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[[Category:Science competitions]]
[[Category:U.S. Space & Rocket Center]]
[[Category:Vehicle design]]
[[Category:Competitions in the United States]]
[[Category:Engineering competitions]]
[[Category:Combination events]]