View source for NDTV

{{Short description|Indian news network}}
{{About|the company|the news channels owned by the company|NDTV India|and|NDTV 24x7}}
{{Pp-protected|reason=Persistent [[WP:Disruptive editing|disruptive editing]] despite multiple previous protections. Enough.|small=yes}}
{{Peacock|date=January 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}}
{{Infobox company
| name = NDTV
| logo = NDTV logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| foundation = {{start date and age|df=yes|1984}}
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{BSE|532529}}<br />{{NSE|NDTV}}
| location = [[New Delhi, India]]
| industry = [[Mass media]]
| products = [[Broadcasting]]<br />[[Web portal]]s
| key_people = [[Gautam Adani]]
| revenue = {{down}} {{INRConvert|392|c|lk=r}} (2024)<ref name="10K">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bseindia.com/xml-data/corpfiling/AttachHis/fd1c74b7-172b-4e42-b846-f3538fe01109.pdf|title=NDTV Q4 results: Adani-owned firm posts loss of Rs 8.7 cr|date=26 April 2024|website=Business Today}}</ref>
| net_income = {{loss}} {{INRConvert|-21|c|lk=r}} (2024)<ref name="10K" />
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Adani Group]] (64.71%)
| founders = [[Prannoy Roy]]<br />[[Radhika Roy]]
| footnotes =
| homepage = {{URL|www.ndtv.com/}}
}}
'''New Delhi Television Ltd''' is an Indian [[news media]] company focusing on broadcast and digital news publication. It was founded in 1984, by economist [[Prannoy Roy]] and journalist [[Radhika Roy]].
It began as a [[production house]] for news segments, contracted by the public broadcaster [[Doordarshan]] and international satellite channels when [[television broadcasting]] was a [[state monopoly]], and transitioned into the first independent news network in India. The company launched the first 24x7 news channel in partnership with [[Star India]] in 1998. In 2003, it became an independent broadcasting network with the simultaneous launch of the Hindi and English language news channels known as NDTV India and NDTV 24x7.
In 2022, the [[Adani Group]] noted for its close ties with the ruling BJP, acquired a majority stake in the company. The takeover by Adani led to resignations by many prominent members of the channel, including [[Ravish Kumar]].<ref name="economist12">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/02/09/the-humbling-of-gautam-adani-is-a-test-for-indian-capitalism |website=[[The Economist]] |date=9 February 2023 |title=The humbling of Gautam Adani is a test for Indian capitalism|access-date=2024-09-19}}</ref>
== History ==
=== 1984–1998: Doordarshan era ===
In 1984, the journalist Radhika Roy and her economist husband Prannoy Roy founded New Delhi Television.<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_">{{Cite book|last1=Rodrigues|first1=Usha M.|title=Indian News Media: From Observer to Participant|last2=Ranganathan|first2=Maya|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|year=2014|isbn=978-93-5150-464-1|page=71|language=en|ref=Indian News Media 2014}}</ref> The company began operation as a production house of news segments for the [[public broadcaster]] Doordarshan and international satellite news channels.<ref name="Shrivastava2010-p36_">{{Cite book|last=Shrivastava|first=K M|title=Broadcast Journalism in the 21st Century|publisher=[[Sterling Publishing]]|year=2010|isbn=978-81-207-3597-2|pages=36–37|language=en}}</ref> It was converted into a commercial news network in 1988,<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_"/> and became the first independent television news network in India.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_">{{Cite news|last=Kaushik|first=Krishn|date=15 December 2015|title=The Tempest|language=en|page=2|website=[[The Caravan]]|url=https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/the-tempest-prannoy-radhika-roy-ndtv|access-date=10 December 2020}}</ref> Doordarshan allotted a slot to the network to air a weekly broadcast called ''The World This Week'', a [[news magazine]] programme that was commissioned by the director general of the public broadcaster, [[Bhaskar Ghose]] and covered international news.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> The weekly news bulletin was described as an instant hit among its Indian viewers.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_">{{Cite book|last1=Kaushik|first1=Kshama|title=India Means Business: How the elephant earned its stripes|last2=Dutta|first2=Kaushik|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2012|isbn=978-0-19-908851-5|pages=277–281|language=en|doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198072614.001.0001|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref>
The network was then contracted by Doordarshan to produce its coverage of the Indian general elections and budget session specials which too became widely popular.<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_"/> The first election result telecast produced by NDTV was that of the [[1989 Indian general election]], which was also the first televised live coverage of an election result in India,<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> it employed hot-lines across the country and featured visual graphics, discussions and debates. The format developed by NDTV was contrasted with the simple official announcements publicised by Doordarshan in previous elections and was adopted as a template by news broadcasters over the following decades.<ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia71_"/><ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> The terms of agreement between Doordarshan and NDTV were modified in the same year and the company began paying a fee for its weekly slot instead of being a contractor under the public broadcaster.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> During the initial years, there was a delay of 10 minutes between telecast and production of live news due to government regulations, which later shifted to five minutes.<ref name="ChannelingCultures160_">{{Cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Biswarup|title=Channeling Cultures: Television Studies from India|last2=Roy|first2=Abhijit|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-809205-6|pages=160–165|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref>
''The World This Week'' continued to be aired till 1995.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> It was aired on Fridays at 10:00 pm,<ref name="IndiasInnovationBlueprint72_">{{Cite book|last=Eby Mathew|first=George|title=India's Innovation Blueprint: How the Largest Democracy is Becoming an innovation Super Power|publisher=[[Chandos Publishing]]|year=2010|isbn=978-1-78063-224-7|pages=72|language=en}}</ref> and was described as "the only India-based programme which looked out at the rest of the world".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Malik|first=Amita|author-link=Amita Malik|date=20 September 2003|title=Window on the world|url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030920/windows/sight.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201210101809/https://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030920/windows/sight.htm|archive-date=10 December 2020|website=[[The Tribune (India)|The Tribune]]}}</ref> In 1993, [[CNN]] began collaborating with NDTV to produce select coverage for the weekly news bulletin.<ref name="Batabya-MakingNewsInIndia_">{{Cite book|last=Batabyal|first=Somnath|title=Making News in India: Star News and Star Ananda|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2014|isbn=978-1-317-80972-2|pages=44|language=en}}</ref> The weekly was the first privately produced news bulletin in India,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> and became one of the top rated programmes on Doordarshan.<ref name="Batabya-MakingNewsInIndia_"/> According to Prannoy Roy, it was not difficult to appear good in comparison to Doordarshan which he described as more radio than television and that they were aided by the time period being most "newsiest" in television history.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2013|editor-last=Painter|editor-first=James|title=India's Media Boom: The Good News and the Bad|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/India%E2%80%99s%20Media%20Boom%20the%20good%20news%20and%20the%20bad.pdf|journal=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|pages=1–19}}</ref> The news bulletin covered a number of major events such as the [[1989 Tiananmen Square protests]], the [[Fall of the Berlin Wall]], the [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union]] and the [[Breakup of Yugoslavia]],<ref name="IndiasInnovationBlueprint72_"/><ref name="Forbes08Sep06_">{{Cite news|last=Karmali|first=Naazneen|date=8 September 2006|title=News Delhi TV|language=en|work=[[Forbes]]|url=https://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/034.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201211071033if_/https://www.forbes.com/global/2006/0918/034.html?sh=4e73284a44d0|archive-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> some of which were covered live from the respective countries by NDTV.<ref name="IndiasInnovationBlueprint72_"/>
In 1995, NDTV presented a proposal to Doordarshan to move its production to a daily half hourly news bulletin on the second Doordarshan channel [[DD Metro]].<ref name="ChannelingCultures160_"/> The proposal was accepted and the news bulletin called ''News Tonight'' was launched''.''<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/><ref name="ChannelingCultures160_"/> The Roys approached five major Indian business houses for investments and secured agreements with all five of them,<ref name="ChannelingCultures160_"/> including the multinational [[Tata Group]].<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_"/> The bulletin was the first daily domestic news broadcast in the country.<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Magazine of the Commonwealth Broadcasting Association|publisher=[[Commonwealth Broadcasting Association]]|edition=June 1997|pages=20|language=en|via=[[University of Minnesota]]}}</ref> The company also began producing shows such as ''The News Hour'' and ''Good Morning India'' for Doordarshan.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia31_">{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Making of Star India: The Amazing Story of Rupert Murdoch's India Adventure|date=25 July 2019|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-5305-598-1|pages=31–32|language=en}}</ref> Prannoy Roy was the anchor of the NDTV news bulletins,<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bajpai|first=Shailaja|date=24 July 2016|title=The World Came Home: The history of television in India|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/the-world-came-home-2932048/|access-date=10 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> who in the process acquired a reputation for reliable, authentic and sophisticated news reporting. The news bulletins had gained both in credibility and were competing with entertainment channels in terms of viewership, which made the network sought after for partnerships by international news networks such as [[BBC]] and [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[Star India|Star Network]] at a time when restrictions on private participation in [[television broadcasting]] were being lifted and Doordarshan's monopoly broken by satellite television.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/>
In 1997, the director general of Doordarshan, Rathikant Basu left the public broadcaster and joined its multinational rival, the Star Network. The resignation brought about a call for scrutinising his activities during his tenure as the director general,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> a parliamentary committee was assigned to examine the finances of Doordarshan, which alleged "irregularities" in its dealings with NDTV.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> On 20 January 1998, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) filed a number of cases against the former director general, five other officials of the public broadcaster and against Prannoy Roy who was the managing director of NDTV.<ref>{{Cite web|date=20 January 1998|title=CBI case against Prannoy Roy|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980120/02051164.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100416181338/http://www.indianexpress.com/ie/daily/19980120/02051164.html|archive-date=16 April 2010|access-date=10 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref> The cases went on for several years in the form of a protracted dispute,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> until CBI filed a closure report in 2013 and the charges were quashed by the [[Delhi High Court]],<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> with the verdict that there was no evidence of wrongdoing.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/>
=== 1998–2003: Rupert Murdoch and Star News ===
In 1998, NDTV entered into five-year contract with Rupert Murdoch's Star Network. Under the terms of the agreement, NDTV would produce all news content for the network,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> while News Television India (subsidiary of Murdoch's [[News Corporation (1980–2013)|News Corporation]]) would finance the endeavor''.''<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia48_">{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Making of Star India: The Amazing Story of Rupert Murdoch's India Adventure|date=25 July 2019|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-5305-598-1|pages=48–50|language=en}}</ref> The CEO of Star India had stated that NDTV was an obvious choice for a partnership due its recognition and infrastructure.<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_"/> [[STAR News|Star News]] was launched in February 1998 and was the first independent 24x7 news channel in India.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia48_"/> It was a bilingual channel and aired both [[Hindi]] and [[English language]] programs.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mehta|first=Nalin|date=1 September 2007|title=The great Indian Willow Trick: Cricket, nationalism and India's TV news revolution, 1998–2005|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523360701448331|journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|volume=24|issue=9|pages=1187–1199|doi=10.1080/09523360701448331|issn=0952-3367|s2cid=144646131}}</ref> NDTV productions were also slotted on two 9:00 pm news bulletins in the channels of [[Star Plus]] and [[Star World (Indian TV channel)|Star World]].<ref name="OutlookIndia17Jul00_">{{Cite news|last1=Joshi|first1=Namrata|last2=Kapadia|first2=Payal|last3=Guha Ray|first3=Shantanu|date=17 July 2000|title=The Master And The Prodigal|work=[[Outlook India]]|url=https://magazine.outlookindia.com/story/the-master-and-the-prodigal/209725|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> In 1999, NDTV launched its own news website called ndtv.com which streamed live webcasts of its productions and generated 55,000 daily views within a month of its launch. Over the following years, it also made its first foray into regional markets and began a [[Tamil language]] news bulletin on [[Vijay TV]], a channel owned by the Star Network.<ref name="Shrivastava2010-p36_"/>
Star News was an immediate success, its revenue made the channel [[Break-even (economics)|break-even]] at the onset.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia77_">{{Cite book|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|title=The Making of Star India: The Amazing Story of Rupert Murdoch's India Adventure|date=25 July 2019|publisher=[[Penguin Random House]]|isbn=978-93-5305-598-1|pages=77–81|language=en}}</ref> Star India was also able to capitalise on the experience gained in NDTV's earlier collaboration with CNN,<ref name="Batabya-MakingNewsInIndia_"/> one of its multinational competitors.<ref name="MakingJournalists138_">{{Cite book|last=de Burgh|first=Hugo|title=Making Journalists: Diverse Models, Global Issues|date=2005|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-31501-2|pages=138–139|language=en|author-link=Hugo de Burgh}}</ref> The financial support provided by the multinational gave the channel an advantage over its emerging competitors such as {{lang|hi-latn|[[Aaj Tak]]}}, the Hindi language channel founded by [[Living Media]].<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> Prannoy Roy remained as the face of the network while Radhika Roy,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> who was known for being low profile,<ref>{{Cite news|date=30 December 2007|title=Power Women|language=en|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/power-women/255634/}}</ref> operated the editorial process and reportedly demanded high standards for credibility, impartiality and independence.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> The channel developed sophisticated production values and a reputation for journalistic integrity.<ref name="Paterson2004-114_">{{Cite book|last1=Paterson|first1=Chris A.|title=International News in the 21st Century|last2=Sreberny|first2=Annabelle|date=2004|publisher=[[University of Luton Press]]|isbn=978-1-86020-596-5|pages=114–117|language=en}}</ref> In a study conducted with Indian journalists, Star News was found to be perceived as the most professionally produced among Indian networks and was regularly viewed by a majority of journalists alongside Doordarshan and [[BBC World]].<ref name="MakingJournalists138_"/>
In the partnership, NDTV was given editorial independence,<ref name="Paterson2004-114_"/> and produced the entire editorial content including in its packaging and presentation.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Bromley|first1=Michael|title=Journalism and Democracy in Asia|last2=Romano|first2=Angela|publisher=[[Routledge]]|year=2012|isbn=978-1-134-25414-9|pages=58|language=en}}</ref> It was noted that the channel occasionally used its own branded equipment such as microphones with NDTV imprints, without any dispute. Under the agreement, the profits belonged to Star News and NDTV was paid a fee which began with US$10 million under an [[escalation clause]] and reserved intellectual property rights over its productions. This arrangement reportedly became an issue of contention between the sales team of Star India which were under pressure to generate revenues and NDTV which intended to maintain in its editorial independence.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia77_"/> In 2000, the NDTV news bulletin on Star Plus was removed, which was speculated to have been a signifier of the closeted conflict.<ref name="OutlookIndia17Jul00_"/>
In an anecdotal testimony, [[Peter Mukerjea]] who was CEO of Star India between 1999 and 2007, states that an advertiser with the network who was the chairman of a major textile company had complained to him about a news report about [[environmental issues]] in a town which operated one of their plants and held Star India responsible for the reporters not taking into account the views of the company.<ref name="MakingOfStarIndia77_"/> Star News covered the [[2002 Gujarat riots]] with investigative reports, in-depth analyses and live reporting of events.<ref name="ChannelingCultures160_"/> The channel's coverage resulted in it being blacked out for a day by the [[Gujarat Government]] under [[Narendra Modi]]. The censorship came a day after the [[Minister of Law and Justice|Minister of Law]], [[Arun Jaitley]] had accused "some networks" of conspiracy against the government on a live telecast of [[Zee News]],<ref name="ChannelingCultures160_"/> a network that had assured him that they were not such networks on the same telecast.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chattarji|first=Subarno|date=October 2010|title=The politics of television in the 2002 Gujarat riots|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/research/books/the-politics-of-television-in-the-2002-gujarat-riots-4892|access-date=11 December 2020|website=[[Sevanti Ninan|The Hoot]]}}</ref>
In 2002, Star was willing to continue the contract but without complete editorial control being granted to NDTV which was unacceptable to the Roys.<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_"/> In the end, the negotiations between NDTV and Star India fell apart and the contract was not renewed. NDTV kept producing news segments for Star News till 31 March 2003.<ref name="Paterson2004-114_"/> The company's unwillingness to succumb to government pressure or pro right wing editorial intervention from Rupert Murdoch, cemented his decision to exit the partnership as well.<ref name="SouthAsianMediaCultures123_">{{Cite book|last=Banaji|first=Shakuntala|title=South Asian Media Cultures: Audiences, Representations, Contexts|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2011|isbn=978-0-85728-409-9|pages=123–124|language=en}}</ref> Murdoch went on secure a partnership with the [[ABP Group|Anandabazar Patrika Group]] for Star News, which was converted into a Hindi language news channel,<ref name="Paterson2004-114_"/><ref name="ChannelingCultures132_">{{Cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Biswarup|title=Channeling Cultures: Television Studies from India|last2=Roy|first2=Abhijit|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-809205-6|pages=132–133|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> and was noted to have become far less critical in its news coverage following the transition.<ref name="SouthAsianMediaCultures123_"/>
=== 2003–2007: Independent broadcasting network ===
Following the end of the partnership with Star India, NDTV began its venture as an independent broadcaster. The company had acquired equity capital from investment banks including [[Morgan Stanley]] and [[Goldman Sachs]].<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> [[Standard Chartered]] invested US$12 million and acquired a share of 12% in the company. Media commentators at the time had speculated that Star News would remain the market leader and decimate NDTV.<ref name="Guardian22Sep04_">{{Cite news|last1=Ramesh|first1=Rajdeep|last2=Jha|first2=Sandeep|date=22 September 2004|title=NDTV makes Murdoch's Star wane in India|language=en|work=[[The Guardian]]|url=http://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/sep/22/business.rupertmurdoch|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref> Before the launch of the network's independent channels under its own brand, it had invested US$25 million into advertising.<ref name="Paterson2004-114_"/> For distribution, it entered into a tie up with the network of One Alliance, a joint venture between [[Sony]] and [[Discovery, Inc.]]<ref name="Shrivastava2010-p36_"/><ref>{{Cite news|date=14 February 2003|title=NDTV News Channels Ready To Roll With SET Alliance|language=en|work=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/ndtv-news-channels-ready-to-roll-with-set-alliance/70318/}}</ref>
NDTV launched two channels NDTV India and NDTV 24x7 in 2003. NDTV India was a Hindi language news channel and NDTV 24x7 was an English language news channel.<ref name="ChannelingCultures132_"/> Soon after its launch NDTV 24x7 became the frontrunner in the English news segment,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> while NDTV India had the second-highest viewership following Aaj Tak in the Hindi language segment, which pushed Star News to the place of fourth highest viewership in the process.<ref name="Guardian22Sep04_"/> The channels introduced the concept of "break away" broadcasting in India with [[Integrated receiver/decoder|integrated receiver decoder]] (IRD) which could provide segmented region or city-specific news and with optional local language [[Dubbing (filmmaking)|dubbings]] to viewers of the same channel.<ref name="Shrivastava2010-p36_"/> In 2004, NDTV became a publicly traded company and the board members reportedly included [[N. R. Narayana Murthy]], the founder of [[Infosys]] and [[Tarun Das]], the chief mentor of the [[Confederation of Indian Industry]] as [[independent director]]s.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> In December 2004, it stood as the media company with the highest market capitalisation, at a valuation of {{INRConvert|1433|c|year=2004}}.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Shirsat|first1=B. G.|last2=Krishnakumar|first2=Aparna|date=13 August 2005|title=Media industry valuations hit the roof|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/media-industry-valuations-hit-the-roof-105081301005_1.html|access-date=29 June 2021}}</ref>
The network was successful in pursuing a strategy of promoting anchors as TV stars in an attempt to both consolidate its brand name and as an incentive for drawing and retaining a talent pool of journalists. Some of their journalists eventually started branching out to begin their own ventures,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> and a number of top executive employees left the network, including both the managing editor [[Rajdeep Sardesai]] and the chief financial officer Sameer Manchanda who left the network to join hands with the entrepreneur [[Raghav Bahl]], who went on to launch [[CNN IBN]]. The resignations reportedly caused a number of problems for the network, the morale in the newsroom dipped and the network began finding it difficult to remain on top with an emergence of a crowded market with high competition as newer channels had more room for experimentation. Manchanda's resignation made the company's advertisers, the primary source of revenue to become vulnerable as the network which was solely in news broadcasting did not have extensive connections unlike others in the industry.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/>
[[File:NDTV_Profit's_Screen_at_BSE.jpg|thumb|300x300px|[[NDTV Profit]]'s screen at [[Bombay Stock Exchange]]]]
Due to the founder of CNN IBN being from NDTV, among other examples,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/><ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> the network is widely credited for having created a category of media professionals with high credibility in the Indian broadcasting industry.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> In an effort to check further loss of employees, the company began offering extensive salary raises and stock options to its employees after the departure of Sardesai.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> It was noted in 2012 that the company had a high distribution of its wealth, with stock options worth {{INRConvert|10|m|lk=|year=2012}} being available to over 200 employees (15% of the workforce).<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> In 2005, the network had also launched a business news channel called NDTV Profit.<ref name="GlobalizationAndTelevision144_" /> The channel would become a competitor of the leading business news channel [[CNBC TV18]] over the next 5 years.<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_"/>
Despite the increase in competition NDTV had continued to grow and by the end of the 2005, the network had 19 offices and studios across the country.<ref name="Shrivastava2010-p36_"/> In 2006, the company founded 'NDTV Convergence', the subsidiary overlooking its digital media operations.<ref name=":5" /> In June, NDTV partnered with the [[Southeast Asian]] media company [[Astro (television)|Astro]] to launch a [[Bahasa Melayu]] infotainment channel Astro Awani while taking a stake of 20% in the joint venture.<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_"/> Under the terms of agreement, NDTV instituted the infrastructure for the channel and Astro undertook the production. The channel was the first one to be launched by Astro and the first one to be launched by NDTV outside India.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Palit|first1=Amitendu|title=South Asia in the New Decade: Challenges and Prospects|last2=Spittel|first2=Gloria|publisher=[[World Scientific]]|year=2013|isbn=978-981-4401-06-7|pages=159|language=en}}</ref> It had also made a number of agreements for overseas distribution of its Indian channels and had a growing audience among the [[Indian diaspora]] in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, South Africa and the Middle East.<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_"/>
=== 2007–2015: Expansion attempts, financial crisis and digital growth ===
In 2007, NDTV began diversifying into the general entertainment and lifestyle broadcasting industry.<ref name="GlobalizationAndTelevision144_">{{Cite book|last=Sen Narayan|first=Sunetra|title=Globalization and Television: A Study of the Indian Experience, 1990-2010|date=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-908271-1|pages=144–145|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Sen Narayan|first=Sunetra|title=Globalization and Television: A Study of the Indian Experience, 1990-2010|date=2014|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-908271-1|pages=183|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> The company founded the subsidiary of NDTV Lifestyle and launched the first lifestyle channel in India called [[NDTV Good Times]] on 7 September 2007.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Guha Thakurta|first1=Paranjoy|last2=Chaturvedi|first2=Subi|date=2012|title=Corporatisation of the Media: Implications of the RIL-Network18-Eenadu Deal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41419787|journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]]|volume=47|issue=7|pages=10–13|issn=0012-9976|jstor=41419787|via=[[JSTOR]]}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite news|date=31 August 2007|title=NDTV launches India's first lifestyle channel NDTV Good Times|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/press-releases/ndtv-launches-india-s-first-lifestyle-channel-ndtv-good-times-107083101022_1.html#:~:text=A%20free-to-air%20channel,and%20Dr.}}</ref> Following the launch, Smeeta Chakraborty, who was appointed as the CEO of NDTV Lifestyle announced that the company would be looking into expanding in other language markets and intended to launch three to five new channels within the next 2 years.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Doval|first1=Pankaj|last2=Ghosh|first2=Shauvik|date=10 September 2007|title=NDTV Good Times walks into life & style|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/ndtv-good-times-walks-into-life-style/215381/|access-date=14 December 2020|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=27 September 2007|title=NDTV Lifestyle plans more channels|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/C6qcI16oCULgwRRMYD4DCP/NDTV-Lifestyle-plans-more-channels.html|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> NDTV Lifestyle also entered into an agreement with the [[United Breweries Group]] for a branding tie-up between the [[Kingfisher (beer)|Kingfisher]] [[lager]] and NDTV Good Times.<ref name="BusinessStandard25Sep07_">{{Cite news|date=25 September 2007|title=NDTV to launch more int'l, domestic channels|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ndtv-to-launch-more-int-l-domestic-channels-107092500036_1.html}}</ref>
In January 2008, NDTV entered into a strategic partnership with the American mass media conglomerate [[NBCUniversal]],<ref>{{Cite news|date=26 May 2008|title=NDTV, NBC conclude strategic partnership|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ndtv-nbc-conclude-strategic-partnership-108052600006_1.html}}</ref><ref name="FinancialExpress29Jan08_">{{Cite news|date=29 January 2008|title=NBC Universal and NDTV Ltd. Execute Memorandum of Agreement to Form Long-Term Strategic Partnership in India|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/nbc-universal-and-ndtv-ltd-execute-memorandum-of-agreement-to-form-long-term-strategic-partnership-in-india/266629/|work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]|language=en}}</ref> in an attempt to expand into the general entertainment industry in India.<ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Arora|first=Chanpreet|date=August 2019|title=The Evolving Indian Media Market: Succeeding Through Localisation|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-09/Chanpreet_Arora_Journalist_Fellow_paper.pdf|journal=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]}}</ref> NBCUniversal bought 26% of the stake with a net valuation of US$600 million for the company and NDTV was expected to receive television formats used by the NBC in the United States.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/> In an attempt to replicating the model of networks using general entertainment channels to subsidise newsgathering expenses,<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> the network launched its first general entertainment channel [[NDTV Imagine]] on 21 January 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|last=K.K|first=Sruthijith|date=5 February 2008|title=Ramayan puts NDTV Imagine ahead of peers in TRP race|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/IRYGyWsxbzq07WeDdOSafI/Ramayan-puts-NDTV-Imagine-ahead-of-peers-in-TRP-race.html|access-date=14 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> The channel's launch was also aided by [[Sameer Nair]], the CEO of [[Applause Entertainment]], who was in a partnership with NDTV.<ref name="LiveMint21Mar15_">{{Cite web|last=Dugal|first=Ira|date=21 March 2015|title=Sameer Nair: The creative strategist|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/3cduJwWSAIZw9dTNwPqIvM/Sameer-Nair-The-creative-strategist.html|access-date=15 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> The operating company NDTV Imagine Ltd held a production studio NDTV Imagine Picture and entered into two partnerships to launch the music and entertainment channel [[NDTV Imagine Showbiz]] and the multilingual world movies channel [[NDTV Lumiere]].<ref name="HollywoodReporter17Dec09_">{{Cite news|last=Szalai|first=Georg|date=17 December 2009|title=Time Warner takes 92% stake in NDTV|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/time-warner-takes-92-stake-92467|access-date=13 December 2020}}</ref>
The company conceptualised a genre of channels which would focus on localised news and founded NDTV MetroNation, which was projected to launch a series of channels catering to metropolitan cities such as [[Delhi]], [[Kolkata]] and [[Mumbai]].<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> The first and only channel to be launched under this branding was NDTV MetroNation Delhi.<ref name="BusinessStandard25Sep07_"/> NDTV entered into a partnership with the national daily newspaper ''[[The Hindu]]'',<ref name="ChannelingCultures142_">{{Cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Biswarup|title=Channeling Cultures: Television Studies from India|last2=Roy|first2=Abhijit|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-809205-6|pages=142–144|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> under the joint venture MetroNation Chennai to launch the Chennai-centric English language news channel which was named [[NDTV Hindu]].<ref name="VCCircle07Oct11_">{{Cite web|last=Das|first=Anil|date=7 October 2011|title=NDTV, Hindu Group Sell Metronation Chennai TV To Dina Thanthi Group|url=https://www.vccircle.com/ndtv-hindu-group-sell-metronation-chennai-tv-dina-thanthi-group|access-date=13 December 2020|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="FinancialExpress08Oct11_">{{Cite news|last=Kumar|first=Sanjay C.|date=8 October 2011|title=Dina Thanthi group buys NDTV Hindu|language=en|work=[[The Financial Express (India)]]|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/dina-thanthi-group-buys-ndtv-hindu/857333/|access-date=12 December 2020}}</ref> Later in 2010, the company also entered in a partnership with the [[Dhaka]] based conglomerate [[BEXIMCO]] to launch the Independent Television, a 24x7 news channel in [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Lall|first=Pavan|date=5 September 2011|title=Bangladesh's first family of business|url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/people/bangladeshs-first-family-of-business/100992|access-date=21 December 2020|website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|others=Newswire18|date=12 January 2010|title=NDTV, Beximco Group to launch news channel in Bangladesh|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ndtv-beximco-group-to-launch-news-channel-in-bangladesh-110011200086_1.html}}</ref>
The expansion attempts coincided with the [[Great Recession]] and the funds raised for the expansion, through partnerships and bonds were exhausted within a short period of time. NDTV had an ongoing open offer for buyback of shares and the stock prices at the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) nosedived from around ₹400 to ₹100 which added a large shortfall. This caused the promoters of the company to go through a chain of borrowings from various multinationals.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> NDTV also made a series of divestments of its assets through a number of sales in the following period.<ref name="VCCircle07Oct11_"/> In August 2009, the chain borrowings had eventually led the promoters debt being transferred to a shell company which was owned by a subsidiary of [[Reliance Industries]],<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> and in October 2009, NBCUniversal decided to pull out of the partnership and sold off its share back to NDTV.<ref name="LiveMint21Mar15_" /> Following which, [[Time Warner]] bought out a 92% majority stake of the general entertainment subsidiary NDTV Imagine Ltd for US$124.5 million in December.<ref name="HollywoodReporter17Dec09_"/><ref name="VCCircle07Oct11_"/> The company had also launched a [[Dubai]] based English and Hindi language news channel called [[NDTV Arabia]], targeting Indian expatriates in 2007,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Cheriyan|first=Vijaya|date=31 October 2007|title=NDTV to push boundaries with Arab channel|work=[[Arabian Business]]|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/ndtv-push-boundaries-with-arab-channel-123285.html|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref> which was closed down in 2009.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Baxter|first=Elsa|date=17 June 2009|title=NDTV Arabia forced to pull plug|work=[[Arabian Business]]|url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/ndtv-arabia-forced-pull-plug-17099.html|access-date=16 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Arya|first=Vigyan|date=17 June 2009|title=Crisis-hit NDTV Arabia likely to switch off in a day or two|url=https://www.emirates247.com/eb247/companies-markets/media/crisis-hit-ndtv-arabia-likely-to-switch-off-in-a-day-or-two-2009-06-17-1.33865|access-date=16 December 2020|website=[[Emirates 24/7]]|language=en}}</ref>
The editorial credibility of the network suffered damage as well when recordings made by the [[Income Tax Department]] of communication by the Reliance Industries lobbyist [[Niira Radia]] were leaked and a series of transcripts called the [[Radia tapes]] published by the [[Open (Indian magazine)|''Open'']] and [[Outlook (Indian magazine)|''Outlook'']] magazines. The tapes prominently featured journalist [[Barkha Dutt]] who appeared to be violating norms of journalistic integrity.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> NDTV was one of the few news broadcasting companies which had a codified code of conduct for its journalistic output.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_"/>  The tapes came under the backdrop of the loan granted to NDTV by Reliance and included suggestions from Radia to the journalist MK Venu on how Roy needs to be supported. ''[[The Sunday Guardian]],'' a newspaper owned by politicians [[M. J. Akbar]] and [[Ram Jethmalani]] also published a 2010 article which alleged that NDTV had colluded with [[ICICI Bank]] and indulged in financial misdemeanours. NDTV sued for {{INRConvert|25|c|lk=}} and in February 2011, the Delhi High Court restrained any further circulation of the article.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/>
The company's finances had taken a downturn since the [[Great Recession]] and its expansion ventures had failed,<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/> it also marked the beginning of a consistent streak of net annual losses.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_"/><ref name="TheHoot09Mar16_">{{Cite web|last=Malik|first=Aman|date=9 March 2016|title=Will diversification bail out NDTV?|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/will-diversification-bail-out-ndtv-9227|access-date=14 December 2020|website=[[Sevanti Ninan|The Hoot]]}}</ref> In March 2011, NDTV Lifestyle (subsidiary operating NDTV Good Times) was converted into a joint venture with the sale of 49% of the company's stake to Astro.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=3 March 2011|title=NDTV concludes stake sale in lifestyle arm to Astro Asia|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/ndtv-concludes-stake-sale-in-lifestyle-arm-to-astro-asia/article23050863.ece}}</ref> The stake sale of NDTV Lifestyle resulted in the net valuation of the subsidiary to be US$80 million.<ref name="VCCircle07Oct11_"/> And in October, the joint venture MetroNation Chennai which operated the channel NDTV Hindu was bought out by the Tamil-language daily newspaper, ''[[Dina Thanthi]]'' for a sum of {{INRConvert|15|c|lk=|year=2011}}.<ref name="VCCircle07Oct11_"/><ref name="FinancialExpress08Oct11_"/> The joint venture had incurred a net loss of {{INRConvert|20|c|lk=|year=2011}} in two years of its operation.<ref name="FinancialExpress08Oct11_"/> In 2015, the business news channel NDTV Profit became a hybrid channel featuring both business news programs during day and entertainment programs under the name NDTV Prime on weekends and after 6pm.<ref name="BusinessStandard02Jun17_">{{Cite news|last=Malvania|first=Urvi|date=2 June 2017|title=NDTV to bring down curtains on NDTV Profit|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ndtv-to-bring-down-curtains-on-ndtv-profit-117060101597_1.html|access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref>
[[File:NDTV_conducting_an_interview_in_Bangalore_in_2011.jpg|left|thumb|320x320px|NDTV team conducting an interview in [[Bangalore]] in 2011]]
In contrast, the [[digital media]] arm of the company, NDTV Convergence had entered a phase of exponential growth. Between March 2011 and March 2015, it grew four-folds in terms of revenue and ten-folds in terms of profits and as a result increased its share of the total consolidated income from 4.6% to 18%.<ref name="TheHoot09Mar16_"/> NDTV Convergence had synchronised the network's newsgathering with its internet and mobile presence.<ref name="GlobalizationAndTelevision144_" /> The digital media arm was credited for reducing the losses of the company by 50% between the financial years 2013–14 and 2014–15.<ref name="TheHoot09Mar16_"/>
{{anchor|Gadgets360}}In addition, the subsidiary launched a number of online verticals namely the automobile portal CarAndBike.com, the electronics portal Gadgets360, the food and drinks portal SmartCooky and the wedding preparation website BandBaajaa.com which catered to consumer interest specific news.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|last=Kohli-Khandekar|first=Vanita|date=5 October 2016|title=Can NDTV tell a different story?|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/can-ndtv-tell-a-different-story-116100400738_1.html|access-date=15 December 2020}}</ref><ref name="VVCircle04Apr17_" /> NDTV also launched the [[e-commerce]] venture Indianroots through its subsidiary NDTV Ethnic Retail in 2013. The venture was a fashion store selling Indian ethnic clothes and jewelries,<ref name="LiveMint14May15_">{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Shrutika|date=14 May 2015|title=NDTV venture Indianroots raises $5 million|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/1puLn5fFIsjq7ajM5uX6KM/NDTV-venture-Indianroots-raises-5-million.html|access-date=15 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="LiveMint19May17_">{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Vidhi|date=19 May 2017|title=NDTV to sell indianroots.com, divests stake in NDTV Goodtimes|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/xUaSwShilwcKSPd3a9bYXJ/NDTV-to-sell-indianrootscom-divests-stake-in-NDTV-Goodtime.html|access-date=15 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> which expanded its consumer base across India and the United States, recording a twelve-fold jump of its gross merchandise value in 2014–15, and featured over 700 brands and 100 designers with a valuation of US$85 million in May 2015.<ref name="LiveMint14May15_"/> Gadgets360 also entered the e-commerce industry and began selling electronic devices from 2015 onwards.<ref name="VVCircle04Apr17_">{{Cite web|last=Sharma|first=Disha|date=4 April 2017|title=When Times Internet took a leaf out of NDTV's book to re-enter e-commerce biz|url=https://www.vccircle.com/when-times-internet-took-a-leaf-out-of-ndtvs-book-to-re-enter-e-commerce-biz|access-date=15 December 2020|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en-US}}</ref> CarAndBike.com and BandBaajaa.com entered the industry as well and began selling products.<ref name="Business-Standard22Sep17_">{{Cite news|last=Malvania|first=Urvi|date=22 September 2017|title=NDTV sells stake in auto e-commerce subsidiary|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ndtv-sells-stake-in-auto-e-commerce-subsidiary-117092101287_1.html|access-date=17 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Choudhary|first=Vidhi|date=7 December 2015|title=With Special Occasion, NDTV enters the online weddings market|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/wivFe1kctRXtFYBBjk94NP/With-Special-Occasion-NDTV-enters-the-online-weddings-marke.html|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref>
On 25 July 2012, NDTV moved a lawsuit for over US$1,000 million against the [[TAM Media Research]] for manipulation of data at the [[New York Supreme Court]].<ref name="TheHindu01Aug12_">{{Cite news|last=Jebaraj|first=Priscilla|date=1 August 2012|title=NDTV says TV ratings manipulated|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ndtv-says-tv-ratings-manipulated/article3708627.ece|access-date=17 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> TAM had instituted a television rating system called TRP,<ref name="Forbes21Feb14_">{{Cite news|last=Dharmakumar|first=Rohini|date=21 February 2014|title=Fixing Indian TV's Audience Measurement Problems|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/article/resolution/fixing-indian-tvs-audience-measurement-problems/33570/1|access-date=17 December 2020|work=[[Forbes]]|language=en}}</ref> used to determine viewership of channel and fix advertising rates between broadcasters and advertisers.<ref>{{Cite web|date=8 October 2020|title=Explained: What are TRPs and How Are they Calculated?|url=https://www.thequint.com/entertainment/tv/tv-trps-calculation-barc-intam-television-rating-points-peoples-meters|website=[[The Quint]]|language=en}}</ref> While the TAM data had been previously alleged by broadcasters to have been manipulated, NDTV's lawsuit was considered a landmark event which implicated over 30 companies and individuals of deliberately manipulating data and which eventually led to a number of broadcasters raising similar complaints.<ref name="TheHindu01Aug12_" /><ref name="Forbes21Feb14_" /> According to NDTV, the manipulated data had caused damages of at least US$810 million due to fraud and damages worth at least US$580 million for the network over a period of eight years.<ref name="TheHindu01Aug12_" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Gardner|first=Eriq|date=30 July 2012|title=Nielsen Sued for Billions Over Allegedly Manipulated TV Ratings|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr-esq/nielsen-sued-billions-manipulated-ratings-355829|access-date=17 December 2020|website=[[Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> The lawsuit itself was dismissed while the ruling stated that even though TAM was registered in the United States, the damages were outside its jurisdiction,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Jha|first=Prashant|date=7 March 2013|title=U.S. court asks NDTV to fight legal battle in India|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/us-court-asks-ndtv-to-fight-legal-battle-in-india/article4482597.ece|access-date=17 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> and in 2015, [[Broadcast Audience Research Council]] (BARC) launched its own rating system. In the following year, TAM was merged into BARC, although it was noted that the shareholders of the new entity had remained the same and the rating system continued to be vulnerable to manipulation.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Shukla|first=Archna|date=7 October 2016|title=BARC, TAM Media merger is nothing but old wine in a new bottle|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/barc-tam-media-merger-nothing-but-old-wine-in-a-new-bottle/|access-date=17 December 2020|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref>
=== 2015–2022: Government pressure and litigations ===
With the ascendancy of [[Narendra Modi]] to the premiership of India, advertisers with NDTV began to be pressurised to disassociate with the company and an array of litigations were initiated against the company.<ref name="NewYorkTimes02Apr20_">{{Cite news|last1=Goel|first1=Vindu|last2=Gettleman|first2=Jeffrey|last3=Khandelwal|first3=Saumya|date=2 April 2020|title=Under Modi, India's Press Is Not So Free Anymore|language=en-US|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/02/world/asia/modi-india-press-media.html|access-date=16 December 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The government pressure against the news broadcaster was seen as part of a wider pattern of attacks on [[media freedom]] in the country.<ref name="NewYorkTimes02Apr20_"/><ref>{{Cite news|last=Prabhu|first=Maya|date=3 August 2017|title=Is free speech under threat in Modi's India?|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/8/3/is-free-speech-under-threat-in-modis-india|access-date=17 December 2020|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|language=en}}</ref><ref name="DeutscheWelle07Nov16_">{{Cite news|last=Krishnan|first=Murali|date=7 November 2016|title='Ridiculous and arbitrary' – Indian journalists slam NDTV ban|url=https://www.dw.com/en/ridiculous-and-arbitrary-indian-journalists-slam-ndtv-ban/a-36293627|access-date=17 December 2020|work=[[Deutsche Welle]]|language=en-GB}}</ref>
In 2015, the [[Enforcement Directorate]] (ED) served a notice on alleged violation of the [[Foreign Exchange Management Act]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pandey|first=Devesh K.|date=20 November 2015|title=ED serves notice on NDTV for FEMA violations|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/ed-serves-rs-2030-crore-notice-on-ndtv-for-fema-violations/article7900384.ece|access-date=18 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2016, the Hindi language news channel NDTV India was banned by the government on allegations that the channel had threatened national security. The company subsequently appealed against the ban at the [[Supreme Court of India]]. The ban was withdrawn the following day, after popular outcry, protests from journalists and widespread criticism including from the Editor's Guild of India.<ref name="DeutscheWelle07Nov16_" /><ref>{{Cite news|date=7 November 2016|title=Ban on NDTV India on hold|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Ban-on-NDTV-India-on-hold/article16439328.ece|access-date=18 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In the same year, the Income Tax Department (ITD) served a tax reassessment notice which alleged that the company had committed tax evasion in the financial year 2009–10.<ref name="Scroll06Jun16_">{{Cite news|date=6 June 2017|title=NDTV co-founder Prannoy Roy's home raided by CBI|url=https://scroll.in/latest/839691/ndtv-co-founder-prannoy-roys-home-raided-by-cbi|work=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en-US}}</ref> The Delhi bench of the [[Income Tax Appellate Tribunal]] which functioned under the [[Ministry of Law and Justice (India)|Ministry of Law]] upheld the findings of the department held the company liable for reassessment of taxation with penalty.<ref>{{Cite web|date=11 January 2018|title=NDTV case: assessing officer was right in adding ₹642 crore, says ITAT|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/info-tech/ndtv-case-assessing-officer-was-right-in-adding-642-crore-says-itat/article9785332.ece|access-date=18 December 2020|website=[[Business Line]]|language=en}}</ref>  According to the findings, the company had allegedly colluded with NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of [[General Electric]] in a complex money laundering scheme for evading taxation of what was noted to be relatively small amount of funds relative to the size of the companies.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Verma|first=Sunny|date=19 July 2017|title=Clear case of organisation form or legal form abuse, without reasonable business purpose|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/business/companies/clear-case-of-organisation-form-or-legal-form-abuse-without-reasonable-business-purpose-4757015/|access-date=18 December 2020|website=[[The Indian Express]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2017|title=NDTV: A legal mountain to climb|url=http://asu.thehoot.org/media-watch/media-business/ndtv-a-legal-mountain-to-climb-10224|website=[[Sevanti Ninan|The Hoot]]}}</ref>
In 2017, NDTV instituted a [[Turnaround management|turnaround plan]] and announced that the company would undergo a restructuring process, intending to concentrate on core assets of news broadcasting and its digital teams operating its apps and websites, while cutting down on ancillary assets including its e-commerce business.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 December 2017|title=NDTV to cut workforce by up to 25%|work=[[Business Line]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/ndtv-to-cut-workforce-by-up-to-25/article9996254.ece}}</ref> The restructuring also involved layoffs of a number of staff and a shift towards mobile and digital oriented journalism. It was noted that while the debt had decreased considerable between 2012 and 2016, the valuation of the company had deteriorated.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Agarwal|first=Cherry|date=27 July 2017|title=Is MoJo the real reason behind layoffs at NDTV?|url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2017/07/27/is-mojo-the-real-reason-behind-layoffs-at-ndtv|access-date=22 December 2020|website=[[Newslaundry]]}}</ref>
The company sold NDTV Ethnic Retail which operated Indianroots and divested 2% of the stake in NDTV Lifestyle in favor of the luxury company Nameh Hotels & Resorts.<ref name="LiveMint19May17_" /> Fifth Gear Ventures operated the automobile portal CarAndBike.com and was held by NDTV Convergence, which diluted its stake from 79% to 43%, granting a controlling stake to the company Autobyte Private.<ref name="Business-Standard22Sep17_" /> NDTV Profit was pulled off air on 5 June 2017, and converted into an infotainment channel solely under the designation of NDTV Prime.<ref name="BusinessStandard02Jun17_" /><ref name="LiveMint02Jun17_">{{Cite web|last=Ahluwalia|first=Harveen|date=2 June 2017|title=NDTV to shut NDTV Profit, to shift business programmes to 24x7|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/56dsQNeuq9K7K7pZMqQNTN/NDTV-to-shut-NDTV-Profit-to-shift-business-programmes-to-24.html|access-date=17 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> The business news segment of NDTV Profit was moved to the English language news channel NDTV 24x7.<ref name="LiveMint02Jun17_" /> In 2018, NDTV Convergence also completed a sale with Wedding Junction Private Ltd and sold off Special Occasion Ltd,<ref>{{Cite news|date=15 November 2018|title=NDTV completes sale of Special Occasion to Wedding Junction|work=[[Business Standard]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/ndtv-completes-sale-of-special-occasion-to-wedding-junction-118111501481_1.html|access-date=19 December 2020}}</ref> which operated the wedding arrangements portal BandBaajaa.com.<ref>{{Cite web|last=J|first=Anand|date=14 March 2018|title=Self-arranged marriage startup Wedeterna gets angel funding|url=https://www.vccircle.com/exclusive-self-arranged-marriage-startup-wedeterna-gets-angel-funding|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[VCCircle]]|language=en}}</ref> In January 2020, Fifth Gear Ventures was acquired by a subsidiary of [[Mahindra & Mahindra]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mohile|first=Shally Seth|date=10 December 2020|title=Mahindra Mobility Services eyes four-fold increase in m-cap in 5 years|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mahindra-mobility-services-eyes-four-fold-increase-in-m-cap-in-5-years-120121000940_1.html|access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref>
In the meantime in 2017, the [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) lodged a case against the company on allegations that it had defrauded ICICI Bank,<ref name="Scroll06Jun16_" /> and the offices of the company and residence of the founders, the Roys were raided by the bureau.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|title=Business and Politics in India|last2=Kohli|first2=Atul|last3=Murali|first3=Kanta|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2019|isbn=978-0-19-091246-8|pages=186|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> The raid had come a day after an NDTV presenter had engaged in an argument with a spokesperson of the ruling party.<ref>{{Cite news|date=24 June 2017|title=Falling in line: India's raucous democracy is becoming more subdued|newspaper=[[The Economist]]|url=https://www.economist.com/asia/2017/06/24/indias-raucous-democracy-is-becoming-more-subdued|access-date=16 December 2020|issn=0013-0613}}</ref> The case was lodged on the basis of a complaint by a stockbroker Sanjay Dutt supported by the retracted ''Sunday Guardian'' article. It was noted that ICICI Bank itself considered the company to have returned the loan within a year and had not received any details of the case.<ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2017|title=What We Know and What We Don't About the NDTV-ICICI Bank Case|url=https://thewire.in/business/ndtv-raid-prannoy-roy-icici-cbi|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> The raids received condemnation and the CBI was accused of being under pressure from the government to act against the news broadcaster.<ref name="DeutscheWelle07Nov16_" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Venu|first=M. K.|date=8 November 2016|title=The Creeping Erosion of Free Expression|url=https://thewire.in/politics/creeping-erosion-free-expression|access-date=18 December 2020|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=6 June 2017|title=Full text: CBI issues statement on NDTV raids, denies allegations of 'acting under pressure'|url=https://scroll.in/latest/839853/full-text-cbi-issues-statement-on-ndtv-raids-denies-allegations-of-acting-under-pressure|website=[[Scroll.in]]|language=en-US}}</ref>In 2024, after the Adani Group takeover, the CBI investigation found that there was no wrongdoing in the ICICI bank sanctioning a loan of Rs 375 crores and closed its corruption and fraud case against NDTV founders Prannoy and Radhika Roy.<ref>{{Cite news |last=PTI |date=2024-10-01 |title=After 7-year probe, CBI files closure report in cheating case against former NDTV promoters Prannoy Roy, Radhika Roy |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/after-7-year-probe-cbi-files-closure-report-in-ndtv-promoters-cheating-case/article68706144.ece |access-date=2024-11-27 |work=The Hindu |language=en-IN |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=October 1, 2024 |title=CBI closes 2017 probe against NDTV founders Prannoy Roy and Radhika Roy |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cbi-closes-2017-probe-against-ndtv-founders-prannoy-roy-and-radhika-roy-101727789755864.html |url-status=live |work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Normal Business Transaction, No Criminality in Closure of Loan: CBI Clean Chit to NDTV Founders |url=https://thewire.in/government/normal-business-transaction-no-criminality-in-closure-of-loan-cbi-clean-chit-to-ndtv-founders |access-date=2024-11-27 |website=The Wire |language=en}}</ref>
In 2019, the CBI lodged a new case against NDTV on allegations that it had laundered money and violated FDI norms. According to NDTV, government agencies were lodging different cases and then deliberately stalling investigations as no evidence were found.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pandey|first=Devesh K.|date=21 August 2019|title=CBI books fresh case against NDTV, Roys for allegedly violating FDI rules|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/fresh-case-against-ndtv-roys-for-fdi-rules-violation/article29201891.ece|access-date=18 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In same year, the [[Securities and Exchange Board of India]] (SEBI) barred the Roys from accessing the securities market and from holding any managerial or board positions in the company for two years on allegations that the promoters had failed to disclose agreements to minority stakeholders of the company.<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 June 2019|title=SEBI bars Prannoy, Radhika Roy from NDTV board|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/markets/sebi-bars-prannoy-radhika-roy-from-ndtv-board/article27943165.ece|access-date=17 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> In 2020, the Supreme Court of India quashed the ITD notice against the company on the grounds that its allegation contradicted the statements presented by the Revenue Department.<ref>{{Cite news|date=3 April 2020|title=Income Tax dept's notice against NDTV quashed by Supreme Court|work=[[ThePrint]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://theprint.in/india/income-tax-depts-notice-against-ndtv-quashed-by-supreme-court/394923/}}</ref>
In 2020, an independent technology startup Prashnam conducted a survey which calculated that NDTV India was the news channel with the highest viewership in the Hindi speaking states of [[Bihar]], [[Jharkhand]] and [[Rajasthan]], and the second highest viewership in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]], ranging around 23–24% of the population in the respective states.<ref>{{Cite web|date=9 October 2020|title=23% People in Bihar, MP, Rajasthan, Jharkhand Watch NDTV: Survey|url=https://www.thequint.com/news/india/prashnam-survey-channels-watched-madhya-pradesh-bihar-rajasthan-jharkhand|website=[[The Quint]]|language=en}}</ref> In 2022, NDTV pulled out of the ratings agency BARC as it was not satisfied with the changes introduced in the calculation of TV rating after the [[TRP scam]] expose.<ref name="BARC">{{cite news |title=NDTV pulls out of BARC ahead of news rating resumption - Exchange4media |url=https://www.exchange4media.com/media-tv-news/ndtv-pulls-out-of-barc-ahead-of-news-rating-resumption-118853.html |access-date=5 March 2022 |work=Indian Advertising Media & Marketing News – exchange4media |date=5 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
=== 2022 onwards: Acquisition by Adani Group ===
In August 2022, [[Adani Group]], a [[Multinational corporation|multinational]] [[Conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]], acquired a 100 per cent stake in Vishvapradhan Commercial Private Limited (VCPL), who owned convertible debentures (in the form of warrants) in Radhika Roy Prannoy Roy (RRPR) Holding Pvt Ltd, which in turn owned 29.18 per cent stake in NDTV. With the VCPL purchase, the Adani Group indirectly acquired these warrants which would give it a 29.18 per cent stake in NDTV on conversion. VCPL notified RRPR Holding of its intention to convert these warrants (issued in 2009) into equity shares, giving the firm 99.5 per cent control. With these shares of RRPL Holding, VCPL was entitled to 29.18 per cent stake in NDTV.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article/companies/what-is-adani-s-open-offer-route-to-acquire-ndtv-how-does-it-work-122112600890_1.html | title=Adani Group's takeover of NDTV: Understanding the mechanics and the math | date=29 November 2022 }}</ref>
In November 2022, the Adani Group launched an open offer to acquire an additional stake in NDTV, resulting in acquisition of 8% additional stake, increasing its total shareholding to above 37% in the media company.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/adani-bags-8-in-ndtv-open-offer-total-hits-37/articleshow/96016290.cms | title=Adani bags 8% in NDTV open offer, total hits 37% | newspaper=The Times of India | date=6 December 2022 }}</ref>
In December 2022, Radhika and Prannoy Roy sold 27.26 per cent out of their 32.26 per cent shareholding in the news network to Adani Group, making the conglomerate, the single largest shareholder with over 64.71 per cent stake.<ref name="telegraphindia.com">{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/business/ndtv-constructive-deal-with-gautam-adani-for-roys/cid/1905575 | title=NDTV: 'Constructive' deal with Gautam Adani for Roys }}</ref>
Acquisition of NDTV by the Adani group led by billionaire [[Gautam Adani]], who has close ties to the Prime Minister Narendra Modi, raised widespread negative reactions and criticism from prominent Western media outlets like ''[[The Guardian]]'', ''[[The Washington Post]]'' and [[Bloomberg News|Bloomberg]], among others.<ref name=":10">{{Cite news |title=Fears for independent media in India as tycoon eyes major news channel |language=en-US |newspaper=Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/08/24/india-ndtv-adani-media-takover/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |issn=0190-8286}}</ref><ref name=":19">{{Cite web |date=2022-08-24 |title=Media freedom fears in India after Modi ally Adani buys 29% stake in NDTV |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/aug/24/media-freedom-fears-in-india-after-modi-ally-adani-buys-29-stake-in-ndtv |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite news |date=2022-08-25 |title=Adani Bid Fought by NDTV Amid Concerns Over Indian Press Freedom |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-25/ndtv-says-adani-needs-indian-regulator-s-nod-after-hostile-bid |access-date=2022-08-28}}</ref><ref name=":20">{{cite news |title=Why is One of the World's Richest Men Doing a 'Hostile Takeover' of This News Network? |language=en |work=vice.com |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/3ada7w/billionaire-adani-hostile-takeover-ndtv-india-press-freedom |access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref> [[The Economist]] stated that before the acquisition by the Adani group, the news channel was "critical of the government but is now supine."<ref name="economist12">{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/leaders/2023/02/09/the-humbling-of-gautam-adani-is-a-test-for-indian-capitalism |website=[[The Economist]] |date=9 February 2023 |title=The humbling of Gautam Adani is a test for Indian capitalism|access-date=2024-09-19}}</ref> The hostile takeover of NDTV by the [[Adani Group]] has raised concerns about the future of independent journalism in India. The Adani Group has a close relationship with the Indian government, and there are fears that it may use NDTV to promote its own interests. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-25 |title=Adani's NDTV move stokes fears for media freedom in India |url=https://qz.com/adanis-ndtv-buy-fuels-fears-for-media-freedom-in-india-1849455263 |access-date=2023-11-06 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2022-12-01 |title=India's Richest Man Buys One of the Country's Biggest TV Channels |url=https://time.com/6238075/india-ndtv-gautam-adani-narendramodi/ |access-date=2023-11-06 |magazine=Time |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ellis-Petersen |first=Hannah |date=2022-12-01 |title=Billionaire Modi ally on verge of taking over independent Indian news channel |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/01/indian-billionaire-gautam-adani-ties-to-narendra-modi-to-control-independent-news-group-ndtv |access-date=2023-11-06 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Pal |first1=Alasdair |last2=Ahmed |first2=Aftab |last3=Pal |first3=Alasdair |date=2022-08-26 |title=Takeover of NDTV by India's richest man worries journalists |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/india/takeover-ndtv-by-indias-richest-man-worries-journalists-2022-08-25/ |access-date=2023-11-06}}</ref> The takeover attempt was also described to resemble the takeover of the largest news broadcaster [[Network18]], that had occurred earlier under [[Mukesh Ambani]], another billionaire with close ties to Narendra Modi.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Niharika |date=25 August 2022 |title=Adani's attempt to take over an Indian news channel sparks a media-freedom debate |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/adanis-attempt-over-indian-news-075500041.html |website=[[Yahoo News]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Philipose |first=Pamela |author-link=Pamela Philipose |date=2022-08-27 |title=Backstory: What Does the Growing Adani Footprint on India's Media Landscape Mean for Us? |url=https://thewire.in/rights/backstory-what-does-the-growing-adani-footprint-on-indias-media-landscape-mean-for-us |access-date= |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> The Delhi Union of Journalists released a statement raising concerns that two "[[Business oligarch|oligarchs]]" were taking over independent news broadcasters and stifling critical journalism at the behest of the ruling establishment.<ref name=":14">{{Cite news  |date=2022-08-24 |title=Adani stake in NDTV {{!}} Two oligarchs taking over entire media, says Delhi Union of Journalists |language=en-IN |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/adani-stake-in-ndtv-two-oligarchs-taking-over-entire-media-says-delhi-union-of-journalists/article65806315.ece |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Presenter [[Ravish Kumar]] resigned from the channel in protest over what he called the new owner's lack of independence from the government.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/2023/04/03/1167041720/india-press-freedom-journalists-modi-bbc-documentary With raids, arrests and hostile takeovers, India press freedom continues to decline]</ref>
The takeover by Adani led to resignations by many prominent members of the channel. The list included journalists [[Ravish Kumar]], [[Sreenivasan Jain]], [[Nidhi Razdan]] and Sarah Jacob, channel's group president [[Suparna Singh]], Chief Strategy Officer Arijit Chatterjee, Chief Technology and Product Officer Kawaljit Singh Bedi.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Team |first1=NL |title=Nidhi Razdan quits NDTV, 3 days after Sreenivasan Jain's exit |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/01/31/nidhi-razdan-quits-ndtv-3-days-after-sreenivasan-jains-exit |access-date=2023-05-25 |work=[[Newslaundry]] |date=2023-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bureau |first1=The Hindu |title=Senior journalist and Ramon Magsaysay awardee Ravish Kumar resigns from NDTV |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/senior-journalist-and-ramon-magsaysay-awardee-ravish-kumar-resigns-from-ndtv/article66206556.ece |access-date=2023-05-25 |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2022-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Team |first1=NL |title=Sarah Jacob quits NDTV, the latest in a spate of resignations |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2023/05/23/sarah-jacob-quits-ndtv-the-latest-in-a-spate-of-resignations |access-date=2023-05-25 |work=[[Newslaundry]] |date=2023-05-23}}</ref>
== Subsidiaries ==
NDTV operates three broadcast channels which includes two news channels and one infotainment channel.<ref name="BusinessStandard02Jun17_" /> The company has a stake three more channels which are managed through joint ventures.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite news|date=6 August 2013|title=NDTV tumbles after reporting net loss in Q1|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-cm/ndtv-tumbles-after-reporting-net-loss-in-q1-113080600543_1.html|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref>
In addition, it has auxiliary services subsidiaries such as NDTV Labs, a [[research and development]] company set up exclusively to augment production process within the group,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Saeed|first=Saima|title=Screening the Public Sphere: Media and Democracy in India|date=2013|publisher=[[Routledge]]|isbn=978-0-415-81244-3|pages=129|language=en}}</ref> and NDTV Emerging Markets, a [[consultancy firm]] set up to assist in the launch of NDTV news channels outside India.<ref name="FinancialExpress29Jan08_" />
=== Broadcast ===
The [[English language]] news channel NDTV 24x7 is considered to be the first 24x7 news channel in India,<ref name=":122">{{Cite book|last1=Sen|first1=Biswarup|title=Channeling Cultures: Television Studies from India|last2=Roy|first2=Abhijit|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-809205-6|pages=176|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> being a successor to [[STAR News|Star News]] which was founded by NDTV and Star India.<ref name="SouthAsianMediaCultures123_" /> It is available internationally,<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Thussu|first=Daya Kishan|title=News as Entertainment: The Rise of Global Infotainment|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|year=2007|isbn=978-1-84787-506-8|pages=96–98|language=en}}</ref> through various distribution partnerships including one with [[Time Warner Cable]] and [[DirecTV]] in the United States.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last1=Murray|first1=Jeremy A.|title=Pop Culture in Asia and Oceania|last2=Nadeau|first2=Kathleen M.|publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]]|year=2016|isbn=978-1-4408-3991-7|pages=206–207|language=en}}</ref> The channel operates under the designation of ATN NDTV 24x7 in Canada as it broadcasts its programming through the [[Asian Television Network]].<ref name=":2" />
The [[Hindi language]] news channel NDTV India is a national news channel and has widespread viewership in India.<ref name=":1" /><ref name="Rodrigues-IndianNewsMedia161_">{{Cite book|last1=Rodrigues|first1=Usha M.|title=Indian News Media: From Observer to Participant|last2=Ranganathan|first2=Maya|publisher=[[SAGE Publications]]|year=2014|isbn=978-93-5150-464-1|page=161|language=en|ref=Indian News Media 2014}}</ref> The channel is closely associated with its editor-in-chief [[Ravish Kumar]], the recipient of a number of distinguished awards including the [[Ramon Magsaysay Award]] and considered to be one of the most influential journalists in India.<ref>{{Cite news|date=9 September 2019|title=Indian journalist Ravish Kumar receives 2019 Ramon Magsaysay Award|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indian-journalist-ravish-kumar-receives-2019-ramon-magsaysay-award/article29374978.ece|access-date=21 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Bhat|first=Prajwal|date=23 September 2019|title='If you love democracy, you will have to fight the media': Journalist Ravish Kumar|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/if-you-love-democracy-you-will-have-fight-media-journalist-ravish-kumar-109351|access-date=21 December 2020|website=[[The News Minute]]|language=en}}</ref>
The infotainment channel NDTV Prime was known as an innovation for being part of a two in one hybrid channel with NDTV Profit,<ref name=":2" /> with the same channel providing business news in daytime during weekdays under the designation of Profit and [[Infotainment|information and entertainment]] at other times under the designation of Prime. The channel was later converted into a full time infotainment channel and the business news programs shifted to NDTV 24x7.<ref name="BusinessStandard02Jun17_" />
The subsidiary NDTV Lifestyle which launched the first lifestyle channel in India called NDTV Good Times,<ref name=":3" /> continues to operate the channel in a joint venture with the [[Southeast Asian]] media company Astro.<ref name=":0" /><ref name="BusinessStandard02Jun17_" /> NDTV also has two joint ventures where it manages the broadcast infrastructure of the infotainment channel Astro Awani in Southeast Asia and manages the news channel Independent Television with BEXIMCO in [[Bangladesh]].<ref name=":4" />
=== Digital ===
The subsidiary NDTV Convergence was set up as the digital branch of the company, and manages all its digital properties including its websites, apps and social media assets.<ref name=":5" /> The company has an exclusive partnership for advertisements on and content recommendations for NDTV's digital assets with the Israeli advertising company [[Taboola]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=1 October 2015|title=NDTV Convergence inks pact with Taboola|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/ndtv-convergence-inks-pact-with-taboola-115100100018_1.html|access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=21 December 2018|title=NDTV freezes at 10% upper circuit on signing 5-year deal with Taboola|work=[[Business Standard]]|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/ndtv-frozen-at-10-upper-circuit-on-signing-5-year-deal-with-taboola-118122100189_1.html|access-date=22 December 2020}}</ref>
NDTV Convergence is considered as an international news channel of the company with its output available to audiences outside India.<ref name=":2" /> The flagship website of the company ndtv.com, is among the most widely used news sites and has widespread audience reach in India.<ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|last1=Aneez|first1=Zeenab|last2=Neyazi|first2=Taberez Ahmed|last3=Kalogeropoulos|first3=Antonis|last4=Kleis Nielsen|first4=Rasmus|author-link4=Rasmus Kleis Nielsen|date=March 2019|title=Indian Digital News Report|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-03/India_DNR_FINAL.pdf|journal=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]}}</ref><ref name=":8" /> The company operates a number of separate web portals including one that is managed through a subsidiary called SmartyCooky,<ref name=":5" /> which operates the food portal under the designation of NDTV Food.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Sahay|first=Priyanka|date=11 August 2015|title=NDTV to spin off gadgets section into e-commerce website|url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/XkPRFovLG91KZBUUtLXL9J/NDTV-to-spin-off-gadgets-section-into-ecommerce-sites.html|access-date=22 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> The site also features [[podcasts]] of which competes with international brands such as [[TED (conference)|TED]] and [[Oprah Winfrey Network|Oprah]] among the Indian audience.<ref name=":7" /> The [[.in|.in domain]] for ndtv was noted to have been heavily contested and was acquired at extreme value by the company.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Goyal|first=Ravi|date=1 February 2017|title=A brief analysis of the .IN Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy|journal=Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=99–104|doi=10.1093/jiplp/jpw200|issn=1747-1532|via=[[Oxford Journals]]}}</ref>
In addition, NDTV provides news services through the NDTV [[mobile app]] which has subscription offers of {{INRConvert|550||lk=|year=2019}} per annum for an advertisement-free experience.<ref name=":7" /> The app is one of the most used news apps in India competing with the mobile app of the national newspaper ''[[The Hindu]]'', apps of [[Bennett, Coleman & Co]] publications and the apps of [[news aggregator]]s such as [[Google News]] and [[Flipboard]].<ref name=":6" />
It has a centralised social media control with assigned teams, the social media editors are composed of staff who have volunteered for handling digital media operations and work in collaboration with their website and television channels for their news output and are noted for prioritising monitoring of news agencies, international bodies and persons of interest on social media as part of their newsgathering operations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Aneez|first1=Zeenab|last2=Chattapadhyay|first2=Sumandro|last3=Parthasarath|first3=Vibodh|last4=Kleis Nielsen|first4=Rasmus|author-link4=Rasmus Kleis Nielsen|date=December 2017|title=Indian news media and the production of news in the age of social discovery|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2017-12/Indian%20news%20media%20and%20the%20production%20of%20news%20in%20the%20age%20of%20social%20discovery_0.pdf|journal=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]}}</ref> In a [[social network analysis]] of news outlets on [[Twitter]], it was found that NDTV was one of the most prominent nodes alongside ''[[The Indian Express]]'' and ''[[The Times of India]]''.<ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last1=Majó-Vázquez|first1=Silvia|last2=Mukherjee|first2=Subhayan|last3=Neyazi|first3=Taberez Ahmed|last4=Kleis Nielsen|first4=Rasmus|author-link4=Rasmus Kleis Nielsen|date=June 2019|title=The Role of Legacy and Digital-Born Outlets in India and the Distribution of Their Online Audiences|url=https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-06/Maj%C3%B3-V%C3%A1zquez_Social_media_and_news_in_the_Indian_election_FINAL.pdf|journal=[[Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism]]|publisher=[[University of Oxford]]}}</ref>
==Channels==
=== Current channels ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background-color:gold" | Name
! style="background-color:gold" | Category
! style="background-color:gold" |Language
! style="background-color:gold" | Launching Date
! style="background-color:gold" | SD/HD Availability
|-
|[[NDTV 24x7]]
| rowspan="2" |News
|English
| rowspan="2" | 2003
| rowspan="8" |SD
|-
|[[NDTV India]]
|Hindi
|-
|[[NDTV BQ Prime|NDTV Profit]]
|Business News
| rowspan="2" |English
|2005
|-
|NDTV World
|International News
|2024
|-
|[[Good Times (TV channel)|Good Times]]
|Lifestyle
|English,
Hindi, Tamil
|2007
|-
|NDTV Madhya Pradesh/Chhattisgarh<ref>{{Cite web |title=LIVE: भरोसे की विरासत लेकर मध्य प्रदेश - छत्तीसगढ़ पहुंच गया है NDTV |url=https://mpcg.ndtv.in/madhya-pradesh-news/live-update-ndtv-brings-legacy-of-trust-to-madhya-pradesh-and-chhattisgarh-launches-ndtv-mpcg-4314770 |access-date=2023-08-21 |website=mpcg.ndtv.in |language=hi}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" |News
| rowspan="2" |Hindi
| rowspan="2" |2023
|-
|NDTV Rajasthan
|-
|NDTV Marathi
|Marathi
|2024
|}
=== Upcoming channels ===
{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!style="background-color:gold" | Name
!style="background-color:gold" |Language
!style="background-color:gold" | SD/HD Availability
!style="background-color:gold" | Launching Date
!style="background-color:gold" | Note
|-
|[[NDTV India|NDTV India HD]]
|[[Hindi]]
| rowspan="3" |HD
| rowspan="9" |Launching Soon
|
|-
|[[NDTV 24×7|NDTV 24×7 HD]]
| rowspan="2" |[[English language|English]]
|
|-
|[[NDTV BQ Prime|NDTV Profit HD]]
|
|-
|NDTV Gujarati
|[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]]
| rowspan="6" |SD
|
|-
|NDTV Bangla
|[[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|
|-
|NDTV Malayalam
|[[Malayalam]]
|
|-
|NDTV Kannada
|[[Kannada]]
|
|-
|NDTV Telugu
|[[Telugu language|Telugu]]
|
|-
|NDTV Tamil
|[[Tamil language|Tamil]]
|
|}
=== Former channels ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="background-color:gold" | Name
! style="background-color:gold" | Category
! style="background-color:gold" | Language
! style="background-color:gold" | Launching Date
! style="background-color:gold" | Dissolving Date
! style="background-color:gold" | SD/HD Availability
|-
|[[Imagine TV|NDTV Imagine]]
|General entertainment
| rowspan="2" |[[Hindi]]
|2008
|2012
| rowspan="6" |SD
|-
|[[Imagine Showbiz|NDTV Imagine Showbiz]]
|Bollywood News
|2008
|2011
|-
|[[Lumiere Movies|NDTV Lumière]]
|Movies
| rowspan="4" |[[English language|English]]
|2009
|2012
|-
|[[NDTV Hindu]]
|News
|2009
|2012
|-
|[[NDTV Prime]]
|Infotainment
|2017
|2020
|-
|[[NDTV Arabia]]
|News
|2004
|2009
|}
== Corporate affairs ==
=== Ownership ===
Till August 2022, the co-founders, journalist Radhika Roy and economist Prannoy Roy, the promoters of the company and had a controlling stake of 61.45%;<ref>{{Cite news |last1=R |first1=Sethuraman N. |last2=Thomas |first2=Chris |date=2022-08-23 |title=Indian billionaire Adani seeks to control NDTV; media group says move without consent |language=en |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/indias-adani-buy-292-stake-ndtv-launch-open-offer-2022-08-23/}}</ref> individually holding 16.32% and 15.95% of the shares respectively, and jointly holding an additional 29.18% through a holding company called RRPR.<ref name="TheRoyFamily2019_">{{Cite web|year=2019|title=The Roy Family|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/individual-owners/detail/owner/owner/show/the-roy-family/|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref>
Among other shareholders are the [[Mauritius]] based LTS Investment Fund and Vikasa India EIF I Fund which hold 9.75% and 4.42% respectively.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Kaushik |first=Krishn |date=23 August 2022 |title=How Adani is taking over NDTV without consulting the Roys |url=https://www.newslaundry.com/2022/08/23/how-adani-is-taking-over-ndtv-without-consulting-the-roys |access-date= |website=[[Newslaundry]]}}</ref> Both the companies have links to the Adani Group,<ref name=":15">{{Cite web |last=Shroff |first=Kaushal |date=2022-08-25 |title=Gautam Adani Knocks on the Doors of NDTV. How Does the Hostile Takeover Play Out? |url=https://thewire.in/business/gautam-adani-ndtv-takeover |access-date= |website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]}}</ref> LTS Investment Fund in particular has investments worth {{INRConvert|19328|c|lk=}} in 13 Indian companies of which 4 belong to the Adani Group and the investments in these 4 constitute around 98% of their total investments, worth {{INRConvert|18916.7|c|lk=}}.<ref name=":15" /><ref name=":9" />
NDTV is noted for its stock options available to its employees and a consequent high distribution of wealth among its employees,<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> with around 24.4% of the shares are owned through individual shareholdings of 1% or less in 2019.<ref name="MediaOwnershipMonitor2019_" /> In 2022, the small shareholding comprised 23.85% were divided among 29,691 individuals and 947 entities.<ref name=":9" /> Four of these entities were Drolia Agencies, GRD Securities, Adesh Broking and Confirm Rebuild, which had interlinked directors and collectively held 7.11%.<ref name=":15" />
In December 2022, Prannoy and Radhika Roy sold 27.26 per cent out of their 32.26 per cent shareholding in the news network to the [[Adani Group]], which till then had over a 37% stake in the media company, making the conglomerate, the single largest shareholder with over 64.71 per cent stake.<ref name="telegraphindia.com"/>
=== Corporate governance and culture ===
The two founders are designated as the executive co-chairpersons of the company,<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 June 2020|title=NDTV Q4 net profit down 30 pc to Rs 9.20 cr|work=[[Outlook India]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/ndtv-q4-net-profit-down-30-pc-to-rs-920-cr/1874195}}</ref> and a number of vice co-chairpersons have been appointed as the [[chief executive officer]] (CEO) from time to time. [[K. V. L. Narayan Rao]] was the CEO of the company between 2007 and 2013, followed by [[Vikram Chandra (journalist)|Vikram Chandra]] whose tenure ended in 2016 and Rao was re-appointed until his death in 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 October 2016|title=Vikram Chandra steps down as group CEO of NDTV|url=https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/vikram-chandra-steps-down-group-ceo-ndtv-52045|website=[[The News Minute]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Ahluwalia|first=Harveen|date=21 November 2017|title=NDTV group CEO Narayan Rao dies at 63|url=https://www.livemint.com/Consumer/knEe9qihrmxypvV2YBNieK/NDTV-group-CEO-Narayan-Rao-passes-away.html|access-date=19 December 2020|website=[[Livemint]]|language=en}}</ref> [[Suparna Singh]] was appointed as an interim CEO and resigned in 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 August 2019|title=NDTV interim CEO Suparna Singh resigns|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|agency=[[Press Trust of India]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ndtv-interim-ceo-suparna-singh-resigns/article29221349.ece|access-date=19 December 2020|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> On 27 March 2023, Adani appointed former SEBI chairman [[U. K. Sinha]] and Welspun India CEO Dipali Goenka as independent directors for a two year term. Sinha was also designated as Non-Executive Chairman of the Board.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bureau |first=The Hindu |date=2023-03-27 |title=NDTV appoints former SEBI chairman U.K. Sinha, Welspun India CEO Dipali Goenka as independent directors |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ndtv-appoints-former-sebi-chairman-uk-sinha-welspun-india-ceo-dipali-goenka-as-independent-directors/article66669245.ece |access-date=2023-03-28 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref>
NDTV was one of the first companies in India to make an independent foray in the media industry.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Jaffrelot|first1=Christophe|title=Business and Politics in India|last2=Kohli|first2=Atul|last3=Murali|first3=Kanta|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2019|isbn=978-0-19-091246-8|pages=191|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> The company was founded at a time when a few private operators were permitted on the official broadcast channels,<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Ahmad|first1=Irfan|title=The Algebra of Warfare-Welfare: A Long View of India's 2014 Election|last2=Kanungo|first2=Pralay|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|year=2018|isbn=978-0-19-909753-1|pages=275|language=en|via=[[Oxford Scholarship Online]]}}</ref> and initially recruited journalists with bureaucratic connections.<ref name="MediaOwnershipMonitor2019_">{{Cite web|year=2019|title=NDTV|url=https://india.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/companies/detail/company/company/show/ndtv/|website=Media Ownership Monitor|publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}</ref> It eventually developed collegial newsrooms,<ref name="Forbes08Sep06_" /> and began offering greater benefits in an attempt to recruit and retain a pool of talented journalists.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_" /><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> For a period, the newsrooms had acquired the moniker of "Roys boys" at a time when Prannoy Roy used to be the anchor and would refer to his colleagues as a "family" which is described by some of his former staff to have been broken when the editor-in-chief Rajdeep Sardesai resigned after the company went public.<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_" /> The newsrooms themselves were stewarded by Radhika Roy since the inception, who is described to have been incessant on maintaining a high standard for its editorial output, in the process instituting a code of conduct for journalistic ethics.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /><ref>{{Citation|last=Joseph|first=Ammu|title=India: What You See Is Not What You Get|date=2013|work=The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism|pages=384–403|editor-last=Byerly|editor-first=Carolyn M.|place=London|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|language=en|doi=10.1057/9781137273246_28|isbn=978-1-137-27324-6}}</ref>
Since the inception of the Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards, the journalists of the company's news channels have been the recipient one or more award every single year with the exception of 2013 and 2018, collectively winning 32 individual awards across various categories.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ramnath Goenka Excellence in Journalism Awards|url=https://rngfoundation.com/awards/pastawards/|access-date=18 December 2020|website=RNG Foundation}}</ref> It also has a high employee retention rate, with 28% of the workforce having been employed in it for over 10 years, considered to be unprecedented in the electronic media industry, which has an average service period of less than four years.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> Due to a number of notable broadcast journalists and media executives of various other companies emerging from employment under NDTV,<ref name="Kaushik-TheTempest_" /><ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /> the company has acquired a reputation of being a "training ground" for television broadcasting in India.<ref name="Kaushik-IndiaMeansBusiness_" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mathew|first=George Eby|title=India's Innovation Blueprint: How the Largest Democracy is Becoming an innovation Super Power|date=7 October 2010|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|isbn=978-1-78063-224-7|pages=72|language=en}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=http://www.ndtv.com/blog/ndtv-youre-first-my-interview-with-donald-trump-1474792}}
==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official}}
{{Adani Group}}
{{New Delhi Television Limited}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:NDTV}}
[[Category:Adani Group]]
[[Category:NDTV Group| ]]
[[Category:Television networks in India]]
[[Category:Television stations in Delhi]]
[[Category:Television stations in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Television broadcasting companies of India]]
[[Category:Mass media companies based in Delhi]]
[[Category:Companies based in New Delhi]]
[[Category:Indian companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:Mass media companies established in 1988]]
[[Category:Television channels and stations established in 1988]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India]]
[[Category:Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange]]
[[Category:Indian news websites]]