View source for NMS Ardeal

{{Short description|Austro-Hungarian then Romanian river monitor}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}} <!-- warships except submarines -->
|+NMS ''Ardeal''
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=SMS Temes at Brăila.jpg
|Ship caption=SMS ''Temes'' at [[Brăila]], {{circa|1917}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Austria-Hungary]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Austria-Hungary|naval}}
|Ship name=''Temes''
|Ship namesake=[[Timiș|Temes River]]
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=26 March 1904
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=November 1904
|Ship out of service=1918
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Taken over by the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]]
|Ship notes=Sunk by Serbian mine in October 1914, refloated in June 1916
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Yugoslavia|naval}}
|Ship name=''Drina''
|Ship namesake=[[Drina|Drina River]]
|Ship acquired=1918
|Ship commissioned=
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=15 April 1920
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Reassigned to the [[Kingdom of Romania]]
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Romania]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Romania|naval}}
|Ship name=''Ardeal''
|Ship namesake=[[Transylvania|Ardeal]]
|Ship acquired=15 April 1920
|Ship decommissioned=1957
|Ship out of service=2 September 1944
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=12 August 1951
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Scrapped in 1959
|Ship refit=1937–1940
|Ship notes=Confiscated by the USSR, returned in 1951 and continued service as M.20, later M.207, until 1957
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=title
|Ship country=[[Soviet Union]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Soviet Union|naval}}
|Ship name=''Berdiansk''
|Ship namesake=[[Berdiansk]]
|Ship acquired=2 September 1944
|Ship decommissioned=28 February 1948
|Ship struck=
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Returned to Romania in 1951, scrapped 1959
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=(initial configuration)
|Ship class=[[Temes-class river monitor|''Temes''-class river monitor]]
|Ship displacement=*Standard: {{convert|442|t|LT}}
*Full: {{convert|486|t|LT}}
|Ship length={{convert|57.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|9.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught={{convert|1.2|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=*{{convert|1400|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}
* 2 [[Yarrow Shipbuilders|Yarrow]] [[water-tube boiler]]s
|Ship propulsion=2 [[Marine steam engine|triple-expansion steam engines]]
|Ship speed={{convert|13|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|500|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|9.5|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship complement=89 officers and enlisted
|Ship armament=*2 × {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}}/L35 guns
* 1 × {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}}/L10 howitzer
* 2 × {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}}/[[QF 1-pounder pom-pom|L42 Vickers]]
* 1 × {{convert|8|mm|abbr=on}}/[[Salvator-Dormus M1893|Škoda M1893]]
|Ship armour=*[[Armor belt|Belt]] and [[Bulkhead (partition)|bulkheads]]: {{convert|40|mm|abbr=on}}
* [[Deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{convert|25|mm|abbr=on}}
* [[Conning tower]]: {{convert|75|mm|abbr=on}}
* [[Gun turret]]s: {{convert|40|mm|abbr=on}}
}}
|}
'''NMS ''Ardeal''''' was a [[Temes-class river monitor|''Temes''-class]] [[river monitor]] originally named '''SMS ''Temes''''' while in [[Austro-Hungarian Navy]] service. Built in 1904, ''Temes'' was the [[lead ship]] of her class and served as [[flag ship]] of the [[Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla]] between 1908 and 1914. After a short service in the [[Royal Yugoslav Navy|Yugoslav Navy]], she was transferred to the [[Romanian Navy]] in 1920 and served with the [[Romanian Danube Flotilla]] in [[World War II]] until 1944 when she was taken over the [[USSR|Soviets]]. She was returned to Romania in 1951 and served as a training ship under the name M.20, later M.207, until 1959 when she was scrapped.
==Description and construction==
At the turn of the 20th century, the Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla was the strongest force on the river, however, growing concerns over [[Russian Empire|Russia]] threatening the control over the [[Danube Delta|mouths of the Danube]] led [[Austria-Hungary]] to further increase its river capabilities. In this sense, an order was given for building two twin-turreted river monitors. Based on the lessons learned in previous designs, the two ships had to be capable of covering a 270° arc with their turrets, have light armament to defend against [[small arms]] fire from shore, and needed to have a very shallow [[Draft (hull)|draught]]. The design of the new vessels was entrusted to naval engineer Josef Thiel.<ref name="monitors">{{cite web|url=https://www.operacional.pt/danube-monitors/|title=Danube Monitors|language=pt|first=Miguel|last=Machado|website=operacional.pt|date=24 September 2009}}</ref>
[[File:S.M.S. Temes (Modell).jpg|thumb|left|Scale model of SMS ''Temes'' in the pre-1914 configuration]]
''Temes'' and her [[sister ship]] ''[[Yugoslav monitor Sava|Bodrog]]'' were built by the [[Ganz Works|Danubius Schönichen-Hartman Shipyards]] in [[Budapest]]<ref name="monitors"/> between 1902 and 1904. The lead ship of her class, ''Temes'' was launched on 26 March 1904 and commissioned in November 1904. Like her sister ship, ''Temes'' featured a {{convert|40|mm|abbr=on}} thick [[belt armor]], with {{convert|75|mm|abbr=on}} for the [[conning tower]], {{convert|40|mm|abbr=on}} for the main turrets and {{convert|25|mm|abbr=on}} for the deck. Propulsion was ensured by two [[Marine steam engine|triple-expansion steam engines]]s generating {{convert|1400|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}} which controlled two [[propeller]]s and were powered by two [[Yarrow Shipbuilders|Yarrow]] [[water-tube boiler]]s giving the ship a maximum speed of {{convert|13|kn|lk=in}} and a range of {{convert|500|nmi|abbr=on}} at a speed of {{convert|9.5|kn}}.<ref name="ardeal">{{cite web|url=https://www.rumaniamilitary.ro/monitorul-ardeal|title=Monitorul ARDEAL|language=ro|first=Cristian|last=Ganciu|website=rumaniamilitary.ro|date=10 May 2018}}</ref>
The original armament configuration consisted of two [[Škoda Works|Škoda]] {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}}/L35 guns located in the forward section mounted on each side of the [[main deck]] and a {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}}/L10 howitzer located in the aft section mounted on a [[Pivot gun|central pivot mount]] and fitted with a [[gun shield]]. Light armament consisted of two quick-firing {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}}/L42 [[Vickers]] (British [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom]] guns) placed in the forward and aft sections on each side of the upper deck. A single {{convert|8|mm|abbr=on}} [[Salvator-Dormus M1893|Škoda M1893]] protected by a gun shield was also mounted. By 1910, the {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}} Vickers were replaced with the {{convert|66|mm|abbr=on}}/[[Škoda 7 cm guns|L18 gun]] mounted on the upper [[Deck (ship)|deck]].<ref name="ardeal"/><ref name="donauflottille">{{cite book|first1=Georg|last1=Pawlik|first2=Heinz|last2=Christ|first3=Herbert|last3=Winkler|title=Die K.u.K. Donauflottille 1870–1918|language=de|date=1989|publisher=H. Weishaupt Verlag|location=Graz|isbn=9783900310455|page=52}}</ref>
==Service==
===World War I===
Between 1908 and 1914, SMS ''Temes'' served as the flagship of the Austro-Hungarian Danube Flotilla. At the outbreak of [[World War I]], ''Temes'' was stationed at [[Zemun]] along with ''Bodrog'', ''{{ill|SMS Szamos (1892)|lt=Szamos|hu|SMS Szamos (1892)}}'', and ''[[SMS Körös|Körös]]''.{{sfn|Kálmán|1931|page=196}} Together with the other ships, ''Temes'' participated in the [[Bombardment of Belgrade (1914)|Bombardment of Belgrade]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Schumacher |first=H. |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=fK94DwAAQBAJ}} |title=Die k. u. k. Donauflottille im Ersten Weltkrieg: Karl Wettstein, Offizier und Schiffsreeder |publisher=Böhlau Wien |year=2018 |isbn=9783205201212 |language=de |pages=47–50}}</ref> On 8 September 1914, the monitors repelled a [[Royal Serbian Army|Serbian]] attempt to cross the [[Danube]], however the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|Austro-Hungarian troops]] were forced to evacuate the city to avoid encirclement. In the following days, the Sava monitor group under the command of ''[[Linienschiffsleutnant]]'' Olaf Richard Wulff supported the Krauss Division during the [[Srem Offensive]]. The group again prevented the crossing of the Serbian troops which threatened Zemun on 28 September. While on a nighttime reconnaissance mission on the [[Sava|Sava River]] on 22/23 October, ''Temes'' struck a Serbian [[Naval mine|mine]] and sunk with the loss of 31-33 of her crewmen. The survivors were rescued by the [[patrol boat]] ''Patrouillenboot B''.<ref name="ardeal"/>{{sfn|Kálmán|1931|page=197}}
[[File:Page 0224 epava monitorului Temes I.jpg|thumb|left|The wreck of SMS ''Temes'' before being raised]]
On 27 June 1916, ''Temes'' was [[Marine salvage|raised]] and moved to Budapest for repairs. While in Budapest, the ship also received modifications to her armament: the 120 mm howitzer and the 66 mm gun were removed and replaced with two {{convert|90|mm|abbr=on}}/L45 TAG/BAG guns{{efn|TAG meaning ''Torpedoboot-Abwehr Geschütz'' or anti-[[torpedo boat]] gun, BAG meaning ''Ballon-Abwehr Geschütz'' or anti-[[Observation balloon|balloon]] gun}} mounted in the aft section and two {{convert|47|mm|abbr=on}}/L44 guns mounted on the upper deck. The works were completed in 1917 and the ship was reassigned to the flotilla.<ref name="ardeal"/>{{sfn|Kálmán|1931|page=199}} As a result of this, the monitor [[Yugoslav monitor Vardar|SMS ''Bosna'']] which had been renamed to ''Temes'' (II) had to switch back to her former name.<ref name="donauflottille"/>
In the summer of 1917, the monitor departed for [[Brăila]], arriving to the destination on 30 June. With her base in Brăila, the monitor aided two Austro-Hungarian [[Pioneer (military)|pioneer]] platoons against the [[Imperial Russian Army|Russian forces]]. The monitor remained stationed in  Brăila until October 1918 when the retreat of the flotilla towards [[Drobeta-Turnu Severin|Turnu Severin]] began.<ref name="donauflottille"/> The flotilla reached Budapest in November where Hungarian officers and sailors replaced all non-Hungarian crews. After the [[Armistice of Belgrade]], the Austro-Hungarian monitors were seized by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] and towed to [[Novi Sad]]. ''Temes'' was assigned to the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia|Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] which placed her into service under the name ''Drina''. Following the negotiations at [[Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)|Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], the final decision for the distribution of the ex-Austro-Hungarian river monitors was taken by the Naval Allied Commission for Disposal of Enemy Vessels (NACDEV) and ''Temes'' was reassigned to Romania along with ''{{ship|SMS|Inn||2}}'' and ''{{ship|SMS|Sava||2}}'' on 15 April 1920.<ref name="ardeal"/><ref>{{cite book|title=The end of the Great War – the road to new Europe|chapter=The End of the Austro-Hungarian Navy and its Distribution|url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=bM37DwAAQBAJ}}|first1=Aleksandar|last1=Rastović|first2=Miljan|last2=Milkić|place=Belgrade|publisher=Istorijski institut, Institut za strategijska istraživanja|date=2020|isbn=9788677431389|page=103}}</ref> The three ships were named after the three new provinces which united into [[Greater Romania]] with ''Temes'' receiving the name ''[[Ardeal]]'', ''Inn'' was named ''[[Basarabia]]'' and ''Sava'' was named ''[[Bucovina]]''.<ref name="ziuaconstanta">{{cite web|url=https://www.ziuaconstanta.ro/in-constanta/lumea-marinarilor/mesagerele-marii-uniri-i-pe-dunare-si-marea-neagra-galerie-foto-679824.html|title=Mesagerele Marii Uniri (I) {{!}} Pe Dunăre și Marea Neagră|language=ro|first=Marian|last=Moșneagu|website=ziuaconstanta.ro|date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
===Interwar period to World War II===
[[File:Romanian monitor Ardeal.jpg|thumb|NMS ''Ardeal'' (marked "Ar") in the interwar period]]
While in Romanian service, the ship went through a series of modifications. In 1929, the two Škoda L35 guns were replaced with two {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}}/L50 Škoda-[[Bofors]] Mk.4 cannons. More substantial upgrades followed between 1937 and 1940: the armor was increased to {{convert|70|mm|abbr=on}} for the belt and {{convert|40|mm|abbr=on}} for the deck, the {{convert|90|mm|abbr=on}} guns and the machine guns were dismounted and a third {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}} gun was installed in the aft section, thus matching the {{sclass|Brătianu|river monitor|4}}. Other installed weapons included two pivot-mounted  [[Rheinmetall]] {{convert|20|mm|abbr=on}} [[2 cm Flak 30, Flak 38 and Flakvierling 38|C/38 guns]], a twin {{convert|13.2|mm|abbr=on}} [[Hotchkiss 13.2 mm machine gun|Hotchkiss heavy machine gun]] on the [[searchlight]] platform and two {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}} [[3.7 cm SK C/30|SK C/30]] anti-aircraft guns, one placed on the upper deck in the forward section, the other placed in front of the aft-mounted {{convert|120|mm|abbr=on}} gun. The complement was also increased to 129 crewmen. All the received upgrades decreased her maximum speed to {{convert|10|kn}}.<ref name="ardeal"/> While the other monitors were converted to [[oil fuel]], ''Ardeal'' kept the coal propulsion so she could operate in the event of fuel shortage.<ref>{{cite book|first=Roger|last=Branfill-Cook|title=River Gunboats: An Illustrated Encyclopaedia|chapter=Ex-Austro-Hungarian River Monitors|url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=nbbNDwAAQBAJ}}|date=2016-08-30|publisher=Pen & Sword Books|isbn=9781848323803}}</ref>
On 27 June 1940, after the [[Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina|Soviet ultimatum]], ''Ardeal'' received the order to move to [[Reni, Ukraine|Reni]] and protect the evacuation operations from Bessarabia. The deployment ended on 30 June when the Soviets took control over the city and the ship was moved to [[Galați]]. In the spring of 1941, the monitor was moved to [[Orșova]] to ensure the protection of the river traffic from any Yugoslav attempt to block the river during the [[Invasion of Yugoslavia|German invasion of Yugoslavia]].<ref name="ardeal"/>
On 22 June 1941, NMS ''Ardeal'' along with three other monitors and two [[gunboat]]s became part of the Galați River Naval Force within the [[Romanian Danube Flotilla]]. The task of the Naval Force was supporting the flank of Romanian [[Fourth Army (Romania)|Fourth Army]] and conducting [[counter-battery fire]] against the Soviet artillery and monitors located in [[Giurgiulești]] and Reni. At the start of [[Operation Barbarossa]], ''Ardeal'' with another monitor and a gunboat occupied positions at the mouth of the [[Siret (river)|Siret River]].<ref name="ardeal"/> In the early morning of 22 June, as the German and Romanian batteries opened fire in the Giurgiulești-Reni sector, an aircraft was spotted flying at low altitude along the Danube and ''Ardeal'' engaged it with her [[heavy machine gun]] as instructed. It was later found out that it was a Romanian aircraft returning from an observation mission and that its observer had died of injuries suffered in the engagement. On the same day, ''Ardeal'' and ''{{ill|NMS Ioan Lahovary|lt=Lahovary|ro|Ioan Lahovary (monitor)}}'' bombarded the Soviet [[artillery battery]] in Giurgiulești while guided by an [[airplane]].<ref name="MNIR">{{cite book|title=Dunărea și Marea Neagră în spațiul euroasiatic. Istorie, relații politice și diplomație|url=https://muzeulmarinei.ro/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Dunarea-si-Marea-Neagra-in-spatiul-euroasiatic.-Istorie-relatii-politice-si-diplomatie-XI-2023.pdf|volume=XI|publisher=Editura Muzeului Naţional al Marinei Române|place=[[Constanța]]|date=2023|issn=2601-1999|pages=273–275, 295–296}}</ref>
On 23 June, two Soviet monitors and two gunboats attempted to leave Reni and retreat to [[Izmail]] but were stopped by the Romanian monitors. Repeated attempts by the [[Danube Flotilla (Soviet Union)|Soviet Danube Flotilla]] to reach Izmail followed and the battles with the Romanian monitors continued until the night of 9/10 July when the Soviet ships managed to sneak to Izmail. On 20 July, after the Soviet ships left the [[Chilia branch|Chilia arm]] of the Danube, ''Ardeal'' and ''{{ill|NMS Ion C. Brătianu|lt=Brătianu|ro|Ion C. Brătianu (monitor)}}'' formed the [[Vâlcov]] Tactical Detachment with the role of maintaining control over the [[Black Sea]] access point to the Chilia arm. While passing by [[Isaccea]], Soviet airplanes tried to bomb the monitors but were forced to drop their bombs early and retreat by the [[anti-aircraft fire]] coming from the ships. The missions continued to be conducted in rotations until August 1944.<ref name="ardeal"/><ref name="MNIR"/>
In early September 1941, ''Ardeal'' was damaged when a gunboat accidentally collided with her near [[Kiliia|Chilia]]. As a result, the monitor had to spend a few weeks for repairs at the [[Galați shipyard|Navy Arsenal]].<ref name="MNIR"/> After the [[23 August 1944 coup]], the monitors were ordered to relocate to [[Giurgiu]] and prevent [[Nazi Germany|German]] soldiers from crossing the river as well as capture or destroy any retreating German ships. Organized in the 3rd River Group at [[Hârșova]] and commanded by Lieutenant-Commander Eustațiu Nicolau with {{ship|NMS|Basarabia||2}} as the leading ship, ''Ardeal'' together with {{ship|NMS|Bucovina||2}} and ''Lahovary'' departed for Giurgiu on the night of 26/27 August. The group was divided in two, ''Ardeal'' with ''Lahovary'' and the [[torpedo boat]] {{ship|NMS|Sborul||2}} were to act on the [[Borcea]] branch while the other two monitors were to act on the main course of the Danube. On 28 August, ''Ardeal'' and ''Lahovary'' captured 7 ships and 19 [[barge]]s on the Borcea branch. A day later, the monitors were ordered to move to the border with Yugoslavia and proceeded with their march towards [[Turnu Măgurele]]. On 30 August, the ''Ardeal'' group, which was moving at a lower speed due to boiler problems, was instead ordered to the [[Călărași]]-[[Oltenița]] area to prevent the withdrawal of German soldiers from [[Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)|Bulgaria]].<ref name="ardeal"/><ref name="ziuaconstanta"/><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Monitoarele românești în războiul antihitlerist|magazine=Revista Modelism|issue=24|language=ro|author=Nicolae Koslinski|date=1989}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Revista Modelism|issue=7|language=ro|author=Nicolae Koslinski|date=1985}}</ref>
On 31 August, the ships were called to Brăila then to Reni where the Soviets confiscated them on 2 September. On 30 October, ''Ardeal'' was pressed into Soviet service as ''Berdiansk'' and assigned to the 2nd Monitor Division of the 2nd [[Sulina]] River Ship Brigade within the Soviet Danube Flotilla. In November, ''Berdiansk'' was brought to Galați for repairs and then was transferred to the Soviet ports.<ref name="ardeal"/><ref name="navyworld">{{cite web|url=https://navyworld.narod.ru/Monitoare.htm#Ardeal|title=Речной монитор (Monitorul fluvial) тип "Temes" (I)|language=ru|website=navyworld.narod.ru|access-date=1 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://waralbum.ru/235102/|title=Речной монитор Дунайской военной флотилии «Бердянск» на переходе|language=ru|website=waralbum.ru|date=27 January 2016}}</ref>
[[File:Речной монитор «Бердянск» Дунайской военной флотилии.jpg|thumb|Soviet monitor ''Berdiansk'' after the war]]
===Post-war===
In Soviet service, the monitor received a few modifications. The deck armor was increased to {{convert|70|mm|abbr=on}} above the [[Engine room|machinery]], while the light armament was replaced with four {{convert|37|mm|abbr=on}}/[[37 mm automatic air defense gun M1939 (61-K)|63 70-K]] guns mounted on the upper deck and four {{convert|20|mm|abbr=on}}/[[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|Oerlikon Mk4]] cannons evenly divided between the upper and main decks.<ref name="ardeal"/>
On 28 February 1948, ''Berdiansk'' was [[Reserve fleet|mothballed]] and moved to {{ill|Kyslytsia|uk|Кислиця (село)}} for lay-up a year later. The vessel was removed from Soviet service in June 1951 and returned to [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romania]] in July.<ref name="navyworld"/> On 12 August 1951, ''Berdiansk'' (''Ardeal'') along with four other monitors,{{efn|''Mariupol'' (ex-''Lahovary''), ''Azov'' (ex-''Brătianu''), ''Izmail'' (ex-''Bucovina''), and ''Kerch'' (ex-''Basarabia'')}} was brought back into Romanian service during a ceremony held in Galați. She received the designation M.20 and entered service as a training monitor. In 1952, the designation was changed to M.207.<ref name="MNIR"/> Service continued until 1957 when the ship was placed in reserve and later scrapped in 1959.<ref name="navyworld"/>
==References==
===Notes===
{{Notelist}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|title=Hadtörténelmi Közlemények|chapter=Dunai flottillánk a világháborúban|url=https://www.epa.hu/00000/00018/00194/pdf/EPA00018_hadtortenelmi_1931_195-229.pdf|language=hu|first=Hardy|last=Kálmán|volume=32|date=1931}}
==Further reading==
*{{cite book|title=Danube Monitors - From the first to the Nuclear age|first1=Cristian|last1=Crăciunoiu|first2=Mihai|last2=Georgescu|publisher=Modelism Publishing House|date=1995|isbn=9789739749732}}
{{Temes-class river monitor}}
{{October 1914 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ardeal}}
[[Category:1904 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Temes-class river monitors]]
[[Category:Riverine warfare]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in October 1914]]
[[Category:World War I monitors]]
[[Category:World War II monitors]]
[[Category:World War I naval ships of Austria-Hungary]]
[[Category:Ships of the Royal Yugoslav Navy]]
[[Category:World War II naval ships of Romania]]
[[Category:Monitors of the Romanian Navy]]
[[Category:Monitors of the Soviet Navy]]
[[Category:Training ships]]