View source for National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry

{{Short description|Agricultural advocacy group in the United States}}
{{Redirect|Grange Hall|individual Grange Hall buildings|List of Grange Hall buildings|other uses|Grange Hall (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = The National Grange
| full_name = National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry
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| image = Gift for the grangers ppmsca02956u.jpg
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| caption = Promotional poster, ca. 1873, that offers a "gift for the grangers"
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| formation = {{start date and age|1867|12|04}}
| founder = [[Oliver Hudson Kelley]]<br>[[William Saunders (botanist)|William Saunders]]<br>[[Francis Marion McDowell|Francis M. McDowell]]<br>[[John Trimble (theologian)|John Trimble]]<br>[[Aaron B. Grosh]]<br>[[John R. Thompson]]<br>[[William M. Ireland]]<br>[[Caroline A. Hall|Caroline Hall]]
| founding_location = [[Washington, D.C.]]
| dissolved = <!-- or |defunct = --><!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| merger = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged with, to constitute the new organization -->
| type = [[Advocacy group]]<br>[[Fraternal organization]]
| purpose = [[Agrarianism|Agrarian interest group]]<br>[[Education|Agricultural education]]<br>[[Grassroots|Grassroots organizing]]
| professional_title = <!-- for professional associations -->
| headquarters = National Grange Headquarters Building<br>1616 H Street NW, Suite 200<br>Washington, DC
| origins = [[Farmers' movement]]
| region_served = [[United States]]
| membership = ~140,000
| membership_year = 2023
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| leader_title = National President
| leader_name = Christine Hamp
| leader_title2 = National Vice President
| leader_name2 = John Benedik
| leader_title3 = Executive Committee Chair
| leader_name3 = Lynette Schaeffer
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[[File:Grange.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Grange Hall in [[Solon, Maine]], circa 1910]]
'''The National Grange''', a.k.a. '''The Grange''', officially named '''The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry''', is a social organization in the United States that encourages families to band together to promote the economic and political well-being of the community and [[agriculture]].<ref name=Goss>{{cite journal |last=Goss |first=Albert S. |title=Legislative Program of the National Grange |journal=Journal of Farm Economics |volume=29 |number=1 |date=February 1947 |pages=52–63 |jstor=1232934 |doi=10.2307/1232934}}</ref> The Grange, founded after the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] in 1867, is the oldest American agricultural [[advocacy group]] with a national scope.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Grange |website=Minnesota Historical Society |url=https://www.mnhs.org/kelleyfarm/learn/grange |access-date=2023-11-15}}</ref> The Grange actively lobbied state legislatures and Congress for political goals, such as the [[Granger Laws]] to lower rates charged by railroads, and [[Rural Free Delivery|rural free mail delivery by the Post Office]].
In 2005, the Grange had a membership of 160,000, with organizations in 2,100 communities in 36 states. It is headquartered in Washington, D.C., in a building built by the organization in 1960. Many rural communities in the United States still have a Grange Hall and local Granges still serve as a center of rural life for many farming communities.
==History==
The commissioner of the [[United States Department of Agriculture|Department of Agriculture]] commissioned [[Oliver Hudson Kelley|Oliver Kelley]], after a personal interview with President [[Andrew Johnson]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Kelley |first=Oliver Hudson |title=Origin and Progress of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry in the United States; A History from 1866 to 1873 |year=1875 |publisher=J. A. Weggenseller |location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |page=12 |url=https://archive.org/details/originandprogre01kellgoog}}</ref> to go to the Southern states and to collect data to improve Southern agricultural conditions. In the South, poor farmers bore the brunt of the Civil War and were suspicious of Northerners like Kelley. Kelley found he was able to overcome these sectional differences as a [[Freemasonry|Mason]]. With Southern Masons as guides, he toured the war-torn countryside in the South and was appalled by the outdated farming practices. In the western states, Kelley deplored the lack of "progressive agriculture", with illiterate "ignorant" farmers who were "using a system of farming [that] was the same as that handed down by generations gone by".<ref name=CommonsEtAl>{{cite book |editor1-first=John R. |editor1-last=Commons |editor2-first=Ulrich B. |editor2-last=Phillips |editor3-first=Eugene A. |editor3-last=Gilmore |editor4-first=Helen L. |editor4-last=Sumner |editor5-first=John B. |editor5-last=Andrews |title=A Documentary History of American Industrial Society, Volume X: Labor Movement |year=1911 |location=Cleveland, Ohio |publisher=The Arthur H. Clark Company |pages=71–138 |url=https://archive.org/download/adocumentaryhis00gilmgoog/adocumentaryhis00gilmgoog.pdf}}
</ref> He saw the need for an organization that would bring people together from across the country in a spirit of mutual cooperation. After many letters and consultations with the other founders, the Grange was born.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Barns |first=William D. |title=Oliver Hudson Kelley and the Genesis of the Grange: A Reappraisal |journal=Agricultural History |date=July 1967 |volume=41 |number=3 |pages=229–242 |publisher=Agricultural History Society |jstor=3740337}}</ref> The first Grange, Grange #1, was founded in 1868 in [[Fredonia, New York|Fredonia]], [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Nordin |first=D. Sven |title=Rich Harvest: A History of the Grange, 1867–1900 |year=1974 |publisher=University Press of Mississippi |pages=Chapter 1 |isbn=9781617034763 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6H20-tfdeRwC&pg=PA10}}</ref> Seven men and one woman co-founded the Grange: [[Oliver Hudson Kelley]], [[William Saunders (botanist)|William Saunders]], [[Francis Marion McDowell|Francis M. McDowell]], [[John Trimble (theologian)|John Trimble]], [[Aaron B. Grosh]], [[John R. Thompson]], [[William M. Ireland]], and [[Caroline A. Hall|Caroline Hall]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Carr |first=Ezra Slocum |title=The Patrons of husbandry on the Pacific coast: Being a complete history of the origin, condition and progress of agriculture in different parts of the world; of the origin and growth of the order of Patrons, with a general and special grange directory, and full list of charter members of the subordinate granges of California. Also, of the foes of the farmers, or monopolies of land, water, transportation and education; of a protective tariff, currency and banking |year=1875 |publisher=A. L. Bancroft |author-link=Ezra S. Carr |page=[https://archive.org/details/patronshusbandr00unkngoog/page/n117 105] |url=https://archive.org/details/patronshusbandr00unkngoog}}</ref> In 1873 the organization was united under a National Grange in Washington, D.C.<ref>Kelley (1875), Publisher's Preface.</ref>
Paid agents organized local Granges and membership in the Grange increased dramatically from 1873 (200,000) to 1875 (858,050). Many of the state and local granges adopted non-partisan political resolutions, especially regarding the regulation of railroad transportation costs. The organization was unusual at this time, because women<ref name=CommonsEtAl/> and any teen old enough to draw a plow (aged 14 to 16<ref>Kelley (1875), p. 39.</ref>) were encouraged to participate. The importance of women was reinforced by requiring that four of the elected positions could be held only by women.<ref>{{cite book |last=Sheingate |first=Adam D. |title=The Rise of the Agricultural Welfare State: Institutions and Interest Group Power in the United States, France, and Japan |year=2003 |publisher=Princeton University Press |page=60 |isbn=0691116288 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T2cC26CXsJUC&pg=PA60}}</ref>
[[File:Stamp-national grange.jpg|thumb|right|150px|1967 U.S. postage stamp honoring the National Grange]]
Rapid growth infused the national organization with money from dues, and many local granges established [[consumers' co-operative]]s, initially supplied by the wholesaler [[Aaron Montgomery Ward]]. Poor fiscal management, combined with organizational difficulties resulting from rapid growth, led to a massive decline in membership. By the turn of the 20th century, the Grange rebounded and membership stabilized.
The Granger movement supported efforts by politicians to regulate rates charged by the railroads and grain warehouses. It claimed credit for the ideas of the [[Cooperative Extension Service]], [[Rural Free Delivery]], and the [[Farm Credit System]]. The peak of their political reputation was marked by the Supreme Court decision in ''[[Munn v. Illinois]]'' (1877), which held that grain warehouses were a "private utility in the [[public interest]]," and so could be regulated by public law. However this achievement was overturned later by the Supreme Court in ''[[Wabash v. Illinois]]'' (1886).<ref>{{cite book |last=Danbom |first=David B. |title=Born in the Country: A History of Rural America |year=2006 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |pages=154–156 |isbn=9780801884597 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aQZr8PicfLkC&pg=PA154}}</ref> The Grange also endorsed the [[temperance movement|temperance cause to avoid alcohol]], the [[Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|direct election of Senators]] and [[women's suffrage]].
===Partisan politics===
While the Grange was not a [[political party]], Grangers were involved in several political movements in the [[Midwestern United States]] in the late 19th century, such as the [[Reform Party (19th-century Wisconsin)|Reform Party]] of Wisconsin.
===Decline in membership===
Grange membership has declined considerably as the percentage of American farmers has fallen from a third of the population in the early 20th century to less than two percent today. Between 1992 and 2007, the number of Grange members fell by 40%, largely due to the National Grange no longer offering insurance for its members.<ref>{{cite news |last=Krishnan |first=Sonia |title=Beyond Potlucks |work=[[The Seattle Times]] |date=July 29, 2007 |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/pacific-nw-magazine/beyond-potlucks/ |quote=In the past 15 years, Grange membership has fallen nearly 40 percent to 240,000 people. These days, fewer than 2 percent of Americans farm.}}</ref> [[Washington (state)|Washington]] has the largest membership of any state, at approximately 13,000.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}}
In 2022, the National Grange reported a net gain in membership for the first time in almost seven decades.
==Today==
[[File:Slatersville Grange.jpg|thumb|[[Union Grange Hall]] in [[Slatersville, Rhode Island]], now a community center belonging to the North Smithfield Heritage Association.]]
{{As of|2024}}, the Grange continues to press for the causes of farmers, including issues of [[free trade]] and farm policy. In its 2006 ''Journal of Proceedings'', the organization's report on its annual convention, the organization lays out its mission and how it works towards achieving it through fellowship, service, and legislation:
{{Blockquote|The Grange provides opportunities for individuals and families to develop to their highest potential in order to build stronger communities and states, as well as a stronger nation.}}
In February 2024, the National Grange revised their Mission Statement:
{{Blockquote|Strengthening individuals, families, and communities through service, education, nonpartisan grassroots advocacy, and agricultural awareness.}}
As a non-partisan organization, the Grange supports only policies, never political parties or candidates. Although the Grange was founded to serve the interests of farmers, because of the shrinking farm population the Grange has begun to broaden its range to include a wide variety of issues, and anyone is welcome to join the Grange.
The Junior Grange is open to children 5–14. Regular Grange membership is open to anyone age 14 or older. The Grange Youth, a group within the Grange, consists of members 13 1/2 to 30.
In 2013, the Grange signed on to a letter to Congress calling for the doubling of legal immigration and legalization for [[undocumented immigrants (U.S.)|undocumented immigrants]] currently in the United States. However, this position has been somewhat revised, and the Grange now emphasizes an expansion in the [[H-2A visa]] program to increase legal immigration and address the crisis-level labor shortage in agriculture. They support the enforcement of immigration law but urge discretion with regard to the impact on labor availability.<ref name="Immigration & Visas">{{cite web |title=Immigration & Visas |website=National Grange of The Order of Patrons of Husbandry |date=June 7, 2017 |publisher=The National Grange |url=https://www.nationalgrange.org/immigration-visas/ |access-date=11 May 2019}}</ref>
==Rituals and ceremonies==
[[File:Grange1873.jpg|thumb|260px|Grange in session, 1873]]
When the Grange first began in 1867, it borrowed some of its rituals and symbols from Freemasonry,<ref name=CommonsEtAl/> including oaths, [[Freemasonry#Principles and activities|secret meetings]], and special passwords necessary to keep railroad spies out of their meetings.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kinney |first=Jay |title=The Masonic Myth: Unlocking the Truth About the Symbols, the Secret Rites, and the History of Freemasonry |year=2009 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |page=70 |isbn=9780061985980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WiCB-XkUANoC&pg=PA70}}</ref> It also copied ideas from Greek, Roman and Biblical mythology. Small, ceremonial farm tools are often displayed at Grange meetings. Elected officers are in charge of opening and closing each meeting. There are seven degrees of Grange membership; the ceremony of each degree relates to the seasons and various symbols and principles.<ref>Nordin (1974), p. 10.</ref>
During the last few decades, the Grange has moved toward public meetings and no longer meets in secret. Though the secret meetings do not occur, the Grange still acknowledges its rich history and practices some traditions.{{citation needed|date=March 2014}}
==Organization==
{{unreferenced section |date=March 2014}}
The Grange is a hierarchical organization ranging from local communities to the National Grange organization. At the local level are community Granges, otherwise known as ''subordinate Granges''.<ref name=CommonsEtAl/> All members are affiliated with at least one subordinate. In most states, multiple subordinate Granges are grouped together to form ''[[Pomona (mythology)|Pomona]] Granges''. Typically, Pomona Granges are made up of all the subordinates in a county. Next in the order come State Granges, which is where the Grange begins to be especially active in the political process. State Masters (Presidents) are responsible for supervising the administration of Subordinate and Pomona Granges. Together, thirty-five State Granges, as well as Potomac Grange #1 in Washington, D.C., form the National Grange. The National Grange represents the interests of most Grangers in lobbying activities similar to the state, but on a much larger scale. In addition, the National Grange oversees the Grange ritual. The Grange is a [[grassroots]] organization; virtually all policy originates at the subordinate level.
The motto of the Grange is ''[[In necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in omnibus caritas]]'' ("In essentials, unity; in non-essentials, liberty; in all things, charity"). Indeed, the word "grange" comes from a Latin word for grain, and is related to a "granary" or, generically, a farm.
==Notable people==
[[File:GrangeBadgePlainvilleNY.jpg|upright|thumb|Grange membership badge from Plainville, New York]]
*[[D. Wyatt Aiken]] (1828–1887), South Carolina. Member of the [[United States House of Representatives]]
*[[Harold J. Arthur]] (1904–1971), Vermont. 68th [[Governor of Vermont]]
*[[Nahum J. Bachelder]] (1854–1934), New Hampshire. 49th [[Governor of New Hampshire]]
*[[Charles J. Bell (politician)|Charles J. Bell]] (1845–1909), Vermont. 50th [[Governor of Vermont]]
*[[Robert Bergland]] (1928–2018), Minnesota. 20th [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]]
*[[Charles F. Brannan]] (1903–1992), Colorado. 14th [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]]
*[[Frank Carlson]] (1893 - 1987), Kansas. 30th [[List of governors of Kansas|Governor of Kansas]], United States Senator
*[[Ezra S. Carr]] (1819–1894), California. 7th [[California State Superintendent of Public Instruction]]. Professor of Agriculture at the [[University of California, Berkeley]]
*[[Norman Jay Coleman]] (1827–1911), New York. 1st [[United States Secretary of Agriculture]]
*[[Henry C. Groseclose]] (born 1892), Virginia. Founder of the [[Future Farmers of Virginia]] and [[Future Farmers of America]]
*[[Aaron B. Grosh]] (1803–1884), Founder of the National Grange. First Chaplain of the National Grange
*[[Caroline A. Hall]] (1838–1918), Founder of the National Grange
*[[Mark Hatfield]] (1922 - 2011), Oregon. 29th [[Governor of Oregon]], United States Senator
*[[William M. Ireland]] (???–1891), Founder of the National Grange. First Treasurer of the National Grange
*[[Oliver Hudson Kelley]] (1826–1913). Agriculturalist, organizer. Primary founder of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry. First Secretary of the National Grange
*[[Evander M. Law]] (1836–1920). Confederate general and organizer of the Alabama Grange
*[[David Lubin]] (1849–1919), California. Founder of the California Fruit Growers Union and U.S. delegate to the International Institute of Agriculture
*[[Cyrus G. Luce]] (1824–1905), Michigan. 21st [[Governor of Michigan]]
*[[James W. Marshall]] (1810–1885). Discoverer of California Gold. Charter member of Pilot Hill Grange #1 California
*[[Francis Marion McDowell]] (1831–1894). Founder of the National Grange. Second Treasurer of the National Grange
*[[James Nesmith]] (1820–1885), Oregon. United States Senator from Oregon
*[[Herschel D. Newsom]] (1905–1970), Indiana. 16th Master of the National Grange
*[[Krist Novoselic]] (born 1965), Washington. Bass guitarist for the rock band [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]]
*[[Walter M. Pierce]] (1861 – 1954), Oregon. 17th [[Governor of Oregon]]
*[[Gifford Pinchot]] (1865–1946), Pennsylvania. 28th [[Governor of Pennsylvania]]
*[[Frederick Robie]] (1822–1912), Maine. 39th [[Governor of Maine]]
*[[Robert P. Robinson (Delaware politician)|Robert P. Robinson]] (1869–1939), Delaware. 57th [[Governor of Delaware]]
*[[Norman Rockwell]] (1894–1978), Vermont. American painter
*[[Eleanor Roosevelt]] (1884–1962), New York. [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady of the United States of America]]
*[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (1882–1945), New York. 32nd [[President of the United States|President of the United States of America]]
*[[Ellen Alida Rose]] (1843–?), agriculturist, suffragist
*[[William Saunders (botanist)|William Saunders]] (1822–1900). Botanist, landscaper, designer of Soldiers Cemetery in Gettysburg, PA. Founder of the National Grange. First Master/President of the National Grange
*[[John Strentzel]] (1813–1890), California. California pioneer, father-in-law of [[John Muir]]
*[[John R. Thompson]] (1834–1894). Founder of the National Grange. First Lecturer/Program Director of the National Grange
*[[John Trimble (theologian)|John Trimble]] (1831–1902). Founder of the National Grange. Third Secretary of the National Grange
*[[Harry S. Truman]] (1884–1972), Missouri. 33rd [[President of the United States of America]]
== In popular culture ==
* The song "Grange Hall Dance" by [[Chris LeDoux]].
* In the film ''[[Back to the Future]]'', a Grange sign is included on the "Welcome to Hill Valley" marker.
* The album ''Live at the Grange'' by [[Baxter Black]].
* In the ''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'' episode "Times of Change", Charles Ingalls attends a Grange meeting in Chicago.
==See also==
* [[List of Grange Hall buildings]]
* [[Order of the Sovereigns of Industry]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Atkeson |first=Thomas Clark |title=Semi-Centennial History of the Patrons of Husbandry |year=1916 |location=New York |publisher=Orange Judd Company |url=https://archive.org/details/semicentennialh00atkegoog}}
* {{cite book |last=Bourne |first=Jenny |title=In Essentials, Unity: An Economic History of the Grange Movement |publisher=Ohio University Press |year=2017}} {{ISBN missing}}
* {{cite book |last=Buck |first=Solon Justus |title=The Granger Movement: A Study of Agricultural Organization and its Political, Economic, and Social Manifestations, 1870–1880 |year=1913 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0803250277 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRJgAAAAIAAJ&q=intitle:granger+inauthor:buck}}
* {{cite journal |last=Ferguson |first=James S. |title=The Grange and Farmer Education in Mississippi |journal=Journal of Southern History |volume=8 |number=4 |date=November 1942 |pages=497–512 |publisher=Southern Historical Association |jstor=2192091 |doi=10.2307/2192091 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2192091}}
* {{cite book |last=Gardner |first=Charles M. |title=The Grange – Friend of the Farmer: A Concise Reference History of America's Oldest Farm Organization, and the Only Rural Fraternity in the World, 1867–1947 |year=1949 |publisher=The National Grange |location=Washington, D.C.}} – historical account of the organization's first 80 years
* {{cite journal |last=Hirsch |first=Arthur H. |title=Efforts of the Grange in the Middle West to Control the Price of Farm Machinery, 1870–1880 |journal=Mississippi Valley Historical Review |volume=15 |number=4 |date=March 1929 |pages=473–496 |publisher=Organization of American Historians |jstor=1897882 |doi=10.2307/1897882 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1897882}}
* {{cite book |last=Howard |first=David H. |title=People, Pride, and Progress: 125 Years of the Grange in America |year=1992 |publisher=The National Grange |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=978-9993947509}}
* {{cite book |last=Lownsbrough |first=John |title=The Privileged Few: The Grange and its People in Nineteenth Century Ontario |year=1980 |publisher=Art Gallery of Ontario |isbn=978-0919876644}}
* {{cite book |last=Marti |first=Donald B. |title=Women of the Grange: Mutuality and Sisterhood in Rural America, 1866–1920 |year=1991 |publisher=Praeger |isbn=978-0313257230}}
* {{cite journal |last=Saloutos |first=Theodore |title=The Grange in the South, 1870–1877 |journal=Journal of Southern History |volume=19 |number=4 |date=November 1953 |pages=473–487 |publisher=Southern Historical Association |jstor=2955088 |doi=10.2307/2955088 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2955088}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Schneiberg |first1=Marc |last2=King |first2=Marissa |last3=Smith |first3=Thomas |title=Social Movements and Organizational Form: Cooperative Alternatives to Corporations in the American Insurance, Dairy, and Grain Industries |journal=American Sociological Review |volume=73 |number=4 |date=August 2008 |pages=635–667 |publisher=American Sociological Association |s2cid=145084363 |jstor=25472548 |doi=10.1177/000312240807300406 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25472548}}
* {{cite journal |last=Schell |first=Herbert S. |title=The Grange and the Credit Problem in Dakota Territory |journal=Agricultural History |publisher=Agricultural History Society |volume=10 |number=2 |date=April 1936 |pages=59–83 |jstor=3739476 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3739476}}
* {{cite journal |last=Tontz |first=Robert L. |title=Memberships of General Farmers' Organizations, United States, 1874–1960 |journal=Agricultural History |publisher=Agricultural History Society |volume=38 |number=3 |date=July 1964 |pages=143–156 |jstor=3740434 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3740434}} – statistical tables showing membership in the Grange and other farm organizations by date and state and region
* {{cite book |last=Woods |first=Thomas A. |title=Knights of the Plow: Oliver H. Kelley and the Origins of the Grange in Republican Ideology |year=2002 |series=Henry A Wallace Series on Agricultural History and Rural Studies |publisher=Iowa State Press |isbn=978-0813802398}}
* [https://www.google.com/search?q=intitle%3APatrons+intitle%3AHusbandry&tbs=bkv%3Ap&tbm=bks Other primary sources] available on [[Google Books]]
==External links==
{{Commons category|The National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://archives.lib.umd.edu/repositories/2/resources/1047 Maryland State Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry records] at the [[University of Maryland Libraries]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20000419150645/http://www.geocities.com/cannongrange/cannon_nationalhistory.html "A Short History of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry, also known as the National Grange" by Charles P. Gilliam]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120717001508/http://mill-valley.freemasonry.biz/marin-fraternities-02.htm#Patrons%20of%20Husbandry Background, History, Ritual and Emblems of the Grange]
* [https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/national-grange-of-the-order-of-the-patrons-of-husbandry-4716/ National Grange of the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry], Encyclopedia of Arkansas
* [https://nysgrange.org/ New York State Grange]
* {{Wikisource-inline|list=
** {{cite Collier's |wstitle=Husbandry, Patrons of |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{cite Americana |wstitle=Grangers |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{cite NIE |wstitle=Grange |year=1905 |short=x |noicon=x}}
** {{cite AmCyc |wstitle=Husbandry, Patrons of |short=x |noicon=x}}
}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry| ]]
[[Category:Agrarian politics]]
[[Category:Economic history of the United States]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Washington, D.C.]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1867]]
[[Category:Secret societies in the United States]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in the United States]]