View source for Navarre witch trials (1525–26)

{{More citations needed|date=June 2023}}
The '''Navarre witch trials''' took place in the Pyrenees in the [[Kingdom of Navarra]] in 1525-1526. It was a significant event in the treatment of witchcraft cases in Spain, as it led to a decision from the [[Spanish Inquisition]] in how to conduct witch trials.
== Trials ==
In 1525, the Council of Navarre sent a special commissioner to inspect the mountain regions of the Navarrese North Eastern Pyrenees, "where for a long time they had not known what temporal or spiritual justice means."<ref name="clark">Stuart Clark & William Monter: Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, Volume 4: The Period of the Witch Trials</ref> The commissioner brought along "two girl witches, who know how to discover witches", two sisters of nine and eleven years old.<ref name="clark"></ref> During the inspection tour of the commissioner, the two girls inspected the villagers for signs of the "Devil's mark" in their eyes.<ref name="clark"></ref>
This led to a number of witch trials. The commissioner arrested and executed an unknown number of people for witchcraft in five different places.<ref name="clark"></ref> He purchased masses for the confiscated property of the condemned to ask the blessing of God for his mission.
The Navarrese witch hunt, however, provoked intervention by the {{ill|Supreme Council of the Inquisition|lt=Supreme Council of the Spanish Inquisition|de|Consejo de la Suprema y General Inquisición|eo|Konsilio de la Supera Inkvizicio|es|Consejo de la Suprema Inquisición}}. In August 1525, the Inquisition was granted jurisdiction over the witch hunt, and 30 people accused of witchcraft were handed over to them. They also insisted on inspecting the ongoing witch trials.
In December 1525, the Spanish Inquisition issued guidelines in how to deal with witch trials. The guidelines cautioned skepticism against spells, which caused most accusations and death sentences, banned the confiscation of the property of anyone condemned for witchcraft,{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} reserved for the Inquisition the right to try witches, and paid more attention to "re-educating" witches rather than issuing death sentences.
==Aftermath==
The guideline to "re-educate" rather than executed witches were followed by the Spanish Inquisition in witchcraft cases from 1526 until the [[Basque witch trials]] in 1609; during that time, many people were executed by the Inquisition in Spain, especially in Navarre, but for heresy and not for witchcraft.
In 1527, led by the inquisitor Avellaneda, acting on the same valleys the Navarrese Royal Council deputy had punished in 1525 (Salazar, Erronkari), resulting in approximately 80 residents burnt on fire for heresy.
However, witchcraft executions were rare, and it was to be fifty years until another took place. In 1575, the secular courts executed [[Maria Johan]] for witchcraft, resulting in the [[Navarre witch trials (1575–76)]] with fifty accused witches, a witch hunt which the Inquisition however succeeded in stopping without further executions.<ref>Rojas, Rochelle E (2016). Bad Christians and Hanging Toads: Witch Trials in Early Modern Spain, 1525-1675. Dissertation, Duke University. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/10161/13429.</ref> It was not until the [[Basque witch trials]] in 1609 that the Inquisition again allowed for witchcraft executions, and it was also to be the last.
The Spanish Inquisition did not always succeed in keeping the secular courts from dealing with witchcraft cases, and a failure to do so resulted in a great witch hunt in Catalonia in 1618-1622, with about one hundred victims until it was subdued.<ref name="clark"></ref> After 1622, witch trials in Spain dwindled until the mid-17th century.
==See also==
* [[Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Witch Hunt}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Navarre witch trials (1525-26)}}
[[Category:Witch trials in Spain]]
[[Category:1525 in law]]
[[Category:1526 in law]]
[[Category:1520s in Spain]]
[[Category:1525 in Spain]]
[[Category:16th century in Navarre]]