View source for Negro National League (1933–1948)

{{Short description|American professional baseball league}}
{{for|the earlier league of the same name|Negro National League (1920–1931)}}
{{Infobox sports league
| title           = Negro National League
| sport           = Negro league baseball
| inaugural       = 1933
| folded          = 1948
| teams           = {{abbr|~|Approximately}}18
| country         = [[United States]]
| most_champs     = [[Homestead Grays]] (10)
| classification  = Major league
}}
The second '''Negro National League''' (NNL II) was one of the several [[Negro league baseball|Negro leagues]] that were established during the period in the United States when [[Baseball color line|organized baseball was segregated]]. The league was founded in 1933 by businessman [[Gus Greenlee]] of [[Pittsburgh]].
== League history ==
The second Negro National League was established in 1933 by [[Gus Greenlee]], an African-American businessman of [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]], two years after the [[Negro National League (1920–1931)|first Negro National League]] had disbanded, after the start of the [[Great Depression]].<ref>"Negro League Baseball Players Association: History" {{cite web |url=http://www.nlbpa.com/history.html |title=Negro Leagues Baseball History |access-date=2008-01-01 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220152334/http://www.nlbpa.com/history.html |archivedate=2007-12-20 }}. Accessed 9 February 2012.</ref> The second Negro National League lasted until 1948, the year after [[Major League Baseball]] integrated. After that, its surviving teams merged into the [[Negro American League]].<ref>"Negro League History 101" http://www.negroleaguebaseball.com/history101.html. Accessed 9 February 2012.</ref>
To distinguish between the two Negro National Leagues, they are usually referred to as the first Negro National League (NNL I) and the second Negro National League (NNL II).
== Negro National League franchises ==
:''Annual final standings: [[1933 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1933]], [[1934 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1934]], [[1935 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1935]], [[1936 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1936]], [[1937 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1937]], [[1938 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1938]], [[1939 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1939]], [[1940 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1940]], [[1941 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1941]], [[1942 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1942]], [[1943 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1943]], [[1944 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1944]], [[1945 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1945]], [[1946 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1946]], [[1947 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1947]], [[1948 in baseball#Negro National League final standings|1948]]''
* [[Baltimore Black Sox]] (I) (1933)
* [[Brooklyn Royal Giants]] (1933)
* [[Chicago American Giants|Cole's American Giants]] (1933–1935)
* [[Columbus Blue Birds]] / [[Akron Black Tyrites]] / [[Cleveland Giants]] (1933) – moved during season
* [[Indianapolis ABCs (1931–1933)|Indianapolis ABC's (II) / Detroit Stars (II)]] (1933) – moved to Detroit in April
* Nashville Elite Giants (1933–1934) / Columbus Elite Giants (1935) / Washington Elite Giants (1936–1937) / [[Baltimore Elite Giants]] (1938–1948)
* [[Pittsburgh Crawfords]] (1933–1938)
* [[Bacharach Giants|Philadelphia Bacharach Giants]] (1934)
* [[Cleveland Red Sox]] (1934)
* [[Baltimore Black Sox]] (II) (1934)
* [[Homestead Grays|(Washington) Homestead Grays]] (1934–1948)
* †Newark Dodgers (1934–1935) / [[Newark Eagles]] (1936–1948)
* [[Philadelphia Stars (baseball)|Philadelphia Stars]] (1934–1948)
* †Brooklyn Eagles (1935)
* [[New York Cubans]] (1935–1936; 1939–1948)
* [[New York Black Yankees]] (1936–1948)
* [[Washington Black Senators]] (1938)
†The Brooklyn Eagles and Newark Dodgers merged to form the Newark Eagles in 1936.
=== Member timeline ===
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bar:BAL   # Nashville Elite Giants / Columbus Elite Giants / Washington Elite Giants / Baltimore Elite Giants
bar:PIT   # Pittsburgh Crawfords
bar:CAG   # Cole’s American Giants
bar:BRG   # Brooklyn Royal Giants
bar:CLG   # Columbus Blue Birds / Akron Black Tyrites / Cleveland Giants
bar:IND   # Indianapolis ABCs (II) / Detroit Stars (II)
bar:BBS   # Baltimore Black Sox (I)
bar:HOM   # Homestead Grays / Washington Homestead Grays / Washington Grays
bar:PHI   # Philadelphia Stars
bar:NWD   # Newark Dodgers
bar:ATC   # Philadelphia Bacharach Giants
bar:CLE   # Cleveland Red Sox
bar:BS2   # Baltimore Black Sox (II)
bar:NYC   # New York Cubans
bar:BRK   # Brooklyn Eagles
bar:NWK   # Newark Eagles
bar:NYB   # New York Black Yankees
bar:WAS   # Washington Black Senators
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# Note on dates: A team's bar begins with the season that team played its first game, and ends with the season after that team played its last game. For example, the Baltimore Black Sox played their first game in 1933 and played their last game in 1934. Therefore, their bar goes from 1933 to 1935.
bar:BAL  from:1933 till:1935 color:yellow       text:"Nashville~Elite Giants"                            $UpRight2
bar:BAL  from:1935 till:1936 color:yellow       text:"Columbus~Elite Giants"                             $UpLeft2
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bar:BAL  from:1938 till:1949 color:yellow       text:"Baltimore Elite Giants"                            $Right2
bar:PIT  from:1933 till:1939 color:purple       text:"Pittsburgh Crawfords"                              $Right
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bar:IND  from:1933 till:1934 color:green        text:"Indianapolis ABCs (II) / Detroit Stars (II)"       $Right
bar:BBS  from:1933 till:1934 color:brown        text:"Baltimore Black Sox (I)"                           $Right
bar:HOM  from:1934 till:1939 color:sand         text:"Homestead Grays"                                   $Right2
bar:HOM  from:1939 till:1949 color:sand         text:"Washington Homestead Grays / Washington Grays"     $Right2
bar:PHI  from:1934 till:1949 color:orange       text:"Philadelphia Stars"                                $Right2
bar:NWD  from:1934 till:1936 color:navy         text:"Newark Dodgers"                                    $Right
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bar:CLE  from:1934 till:1935 color:darkred      text:"Cleveland Red Sox"                                 $Right
bar:BS2  from:1934 till:1935 color:lgray        text:"Baltimore Black Sox (II)"                          $Right
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bar:BRK  from:1935 till:1936 color:blue         text:"Brooklyn Eagles"                                   $Right
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bar:WAS  from:1938 till:1939 color:teal2        text:"Washington Black Senators"                         $Right
</timeline>
*1933: Formation of the second Negro National League, consisting of 7 teams — Baltimore Black Sox, Cole's American Giants, Columbus Blue Birds, Indianapolis ABCs (II) (moved to Detroit in April), Homestead Grays, Nashville Elite Giants and Pittsburgh Crawfords; Homestead was expelled early in the season for raiding Detroit's roster, Columbus was replaced mid-season by the Akron Black Tyrites who were then replaced by the Cleveland Giants.
*1934: Dropped Cleveland Giants, Detroit Stars, Baltimore Black Sox (I); Added Philadelphia Bacharach Giants, Cleveland Red Sox, Philadelphia Stars and Baltimore Black Sox (II); Retained Homestead Grays as an associate team.
*1935: Dropped Philadelphia Bacharach Giants, Baltimore Black Sox (II) and Cleveland Red Sox; Added Brooklyn Eagles, Homestead Grays, New York Cubans and Newark Dodgers.
*1936: Dropped Cole's American Giants; Brooklyn and Newark merged.
*1937: Dropped New York Cubans; Added New York Black Yankees.
*1938: Added Washington Black Senators.
*1939: Dropped Pittsburgh Crawfords and Washington Black Senators; Re-added New York Cubans.
*1948: League disbanded after completion of season; All teams continued on with Baltimore, Philadelphia, Newark and New York Cubans joining the [[Negro American League]] for the 1949 season, while the Grays and Black Yankees playing independent of a league.
== League champions ==
=== Pennant winners ===
From 1937 and 1938, 1940, and 1942 through 1946, the team in first place at the end of the season was declared the [[Pennant (sports)|pennant]] winner (league champion).  Due to the unorthodox nature of the schedule (and little incentive to enforce it), some teams frequently played many more games than others did in any given season. In 1933, Cole's Chicago American Giants claimed the first half title, but the Pittsburgh Crawfords won the second half and had an overall better record. The following year saw the Stars have a better winning percentage that saw them compete against the third place Chicago team despite the fact Pittsburgh played (and won) more games. This led to some disputed championships and two teams claiming the title.  Generally, the team with the best [[winning percentage]] (with some minimum number of games played) was awarded the pennant, but other times it was the team with the most victories.  The "[[games behind]]" method of recording standings was uncommon in most black leagues.
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Winning team
! scope="col" | Manager
! scope="col" | Reference
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1933
| align="left" style=" |[[Pittsburgh Crawfords]] || align="left" |{{sortname|Oscar|Charleston}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1933.shtml| title = 1933 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1934†
| align="left" style=" |[[Philadelphia Stars (baseball)|Philadelphia Stars]] || align="left" |{{sortname|Webster|McDonald}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1934.shtml| title = 1934 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1935†
| align="left" style=" |[[Pittsburgh Crawfords]] (2) || align="left" |{{sortname|Oscar|Charleston}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1935.shtml| title = 1935 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1936
| align="left" style=" |[[Pittsburgh Crawfords]] (3) || align="left" |{{sortname|Oscar|Charleston}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1936.shtml| title = 1936 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1937
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] || align="left" |{{sortname|Vic|Harris|Vic Harris (outfielder)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1937.shtml| title = 1937 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1938
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (2) || align="left" |{{sortname|Vic|Harris|Vic Harris (outfielder)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1938.shtml| title = 1938 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1939†
| align="left" style=" |[[Baltimore Elite Giants]] || align="left" |{{sortname|Felton|Snow}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1939.shtml| title = 1939 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1940
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (3) || align="left" |{{sortname|Vic|Harris|Vic Harris (outfielder)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1940.shtml| title = 1940 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1941†
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (4) || align="left" |{{sortname|Vic|Harris|Vic Harris (outfielder)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1941.shtml| title = 1941 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1942
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (5) || align="left" |{{sortname|Vic|Harris|Vic Harris (outfielder)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1942.shtml| title = 1942 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1943
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (6) || align="left" |{{sortname|Candy Jim|Taylor}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1943.shtml| title = 1943 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1944
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (7) || align="left" |{{sortname|Candy Jim|Taylor}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1944.shtml| title = 1944 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1945
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (8) || align="left" |{{sortname|Vic|Harris|Vic Harris (outfielder)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1945.shtml| title = 1945 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1946
| align="left" style=" |[[Newark Eagles]] || align="left" |{{sortname|Biz|Mackey}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1946.shtml| title = 1946 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1947
| align="left" style=" |[[New York Cubans]] || align="left" |{{sortname|José|Fernández|José Fernández (catcher)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1947.shtml| title = 1947 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1948†
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (9) || align="left" |{{sortname|Vic|Harris|Vic Harris (outfielder)}}||<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/leagues/NN2/1948.shtml| title = 1948 Negro National League II Season Summary {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|}
<small>† – Pennant was decided via a split-season schedule with the winner of the first half of the season playing the winner of the second half of the season.<br />
<nowiki>*</nowiki> – Pennant was decided via a 2-round play-off between the top four teams.<br />
‡ – Pennant winner went on to play in the [[Negro World Series]].</small>
=== League play-offs ===
On five occasions, the League held a postseason series to determine the pennant champion.
1933 would have been the first to match the first and second half champions, but the Pittsburgh Crawfords were instead awarded the pennant over the first half champion [[Chicago American Giants]]. 1936 had an array of games that may or may not have been formal postseason games. For example, the [[Washington Elite Giants]] won the first half after beating the Philadelphia Stars 7–5 in a one-game match on September 17. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.retrosheet.org/NegroLeagues/boxesetc/NgLg/B09170PH51936.htm | title=Retrosheet Boxscore: Washington Elite Giants (WEG) 7, Philadelphia Stars (PH5) 5 }}</ref> Pittsburgh (who had a better record overall) faced the Newark Eagles from September 12–15 and won 3–1–1 in either a second-half playoff or a regular series-turned-playoff. Washington and Pittsburgh played three games from September 21–27, but no box scores exist for the games (which Pittsburgh won two of three) in a series that was evidently abandoned. <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.retrosheet.org/NegroLeagues/1936PS.html | title=1936 Negro League World Series }}</ref>
In one year (1939), the top four teams ([[Homestead Grays]], [[Newark Eagles]], [[Baltimore Elite Giants]], [[Philadelphia Stars (baseball)|Philadelphia Stars]]) were matched together in a best-of-five tournament. The Grays beat the Stars in five games while the Elite Giants beat the Eagles in four games to set up the Championship Series. The [[New York Cubans]] won the second half of the 1947 season but advanced to the [[Negro World Series]] over the Newark Eagles (first half champions). 1948 ended prematurely after a controversial finish to a disputed tie game in the third game.
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="font-size:1.00em; line-height:1.5em;"
|-
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Winning team
! scope="col" | Games
! scope="col" | Losing team
! scope="col" | Reference
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1934
| align="left" style=" |[[Philadelphia Stars (baseball)|Philadelphia Stars]] (second half) || 4–3–(1)|| [[Chicago American Giants]] (first half)  || <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1934_NLC.shtml| title = 1934 NN2 Championship Series – Philadelphia Stars over Chicago American Giants (4–3–1) {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1935
| align="left" style=" |Pittsburgh Crawfords (first half) || 4–3|| [[New York Cubans]] (second half) || <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1935_NLC.shtml| title = 1935 NN2 Championship Series – Pittsburgh Crawfords over New York Cubans (4–3) {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1939
| align="left" style=" |[[Baltimore Elite Giants]] (third place) || 3–1–(1)|| [[Homestead Grays]] (first place) || <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1939_NLC.shtml| title = 1939 NN2 Championship Series – Baltimore Elite Giants over Homestead Grays (3–1–1) {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1941
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (first half) || 3–1|| [[New York Cubans]] (second half)  || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.retrosheet.org/NegroLeagues/1941PS.html | title=1941 Negro League World Series }}</ref>
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 1948
| align="left" style=" |[[Homestead Grays]] (second half) || 2–1–(1) || [[Baltimore Elite Giants]] (first half) || <ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.baseball-reference.com/postseason/1948_NLC.shtml| title = 1948 NN2 Championship Series – Homestead Grays over Baltimore Elite Giants (2–1–1) {{!}} Baseball-Reference.com}} </ref>
|-
|}
=== Negro World Series ===
{{main|Negro World Series}}
For the duration of the league, a Negro World Series took place seven times, from 1942 through 1948. The Negro National League's pennant winner met the champion of the rival [[Negro American League]]. Five out of the seven years, the Negro National League team (below in '''bold''') prevailed.
*[[1942 Negro World Series|1942]] – [[Kansas City Monarchs]] beat '''Washington Homestead Grays''', 4 games to 0 games
*[[1943 Negro World Series|1943]] – '''Washington Homestead Grays''' beat [[Birmingham Black Barons]], 4 games to 3 games
*[[1944 Negro World Series|1944]] – '''Washington Homestead Grays''' beat Birmingham Black Barons, 4 games to 1 game
*[[1945 Negro World Series|1945]] – [[Cleveland Buckeyes]] beat '''Washington Homestead Grays''', 4 games to 0 games
*[[1946 Negro World Series|1946]] – '''Newark Eagles''' beat Kansas City Monarchs, 4 games to 3 games
*[[1947 Negro World Series|1947]] – '''New York Cubans''' beat Cleveland Buckeyes, 4 games to 1 game
*[[1948 Negro World Series|1948]] – '''Washington Homestead Grays''' beat Birmingham Black Barons, 4 games to 1 game
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== Sources ==
*{{Citation |last=Holway |first=John B. |year=2001 |title=The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues: The Other Half of Baseball History |publisher=Hastings House |location=Fern Park, Florida | isbn =0-8038-2007-0}}
{{Negro National League (1933–1948)}}
{{Negro League teams|Majorleague}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Negro National League (1933-1948)}}
[[Category:Negro baseball leagues]]
[[Category:Defunct baseball leagues in the United States]]
[[Category:African-American sports history]]
[[Category:Defunct professional sports leagues in the United States]]
[[Category:Sports leagues established in 1933]]
[[Category:Sports leagues disestablished in 1948]]
[[Category:1933 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:1948 disestablishments in the United States]]