View source for Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes

{{Short description|Mexican drug lord (born c. 1965)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{family name hatnote|Oseguera|Cervantes|lang=Spanish}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = Nemesio Rubén Oseguera Cervantes
| image              = Mencho - 2018 Wanted Poster (cropped) (cropped).PNG
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1966|07|17}}
| birth_place        = [[Aguililla, Michoacán]], Mexico
| other_names        = {{Ubl
| ''El Mencho''
| ''El Mata Zetas''{{efn|Originally the Jalisco New Generation Cartel was known as "Los Mata Zetas" and was an [[Contract killers|armed wing]] of the [[Sinaloa Cartel]] created specifically to fight the [[Los Zetas Cartel]] (which at that time was the most violent cartel in Mexico).}}
| ''Don Nemesio''
| ''El Señor de los Gallos''{{efn|He is a big fan of [[cockfighting]], a tradition typical of [[Michoacán]] (his home state).}}
}}
| employer           = [[Jalisco New Generation Cartel]]
| predecessor        = [[Ignacio Coronel Villarreal]]
| criminal_status    = Wanted
| spouse             = {{marriage|[[Rosalinda González Valencia]]|1996|2018|reason=div.}}{{efn|According to [[Sedena]], Rosalinda and El Mencho would have been separated since 26 May 2018 and that he would currently be in a relationship with a woman named Guadalupe Moreno Carrillo since that time.}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/11/11/como-es-y-que-se-sabe-hasta-ahora-sobre-la-nueva-pareja-sentimental-del-mencho/ |title=Infobae: Cómo es y qué se sabe hasta ahora sobre la nueva pareja sentimental del "Mencho" |date=11 November 2022 |access-date=4 December 2022 |archive-date=4 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204152107/https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2022/11/11/como-es-y-que-se-sabe-hasta-ahora-sobre-la-nueva-pareja-sentimental-del-mencho/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| children           = 3, including [[Rubén Oseguera González]]
| relatives          = [[Abigael González Valencia]] (brother-in-law)
| footnotes          = Bounty: US$10 million offered from the U.S. government;  MXN$30 million offered from Mexico's [[Attorney General of Mexico|Office of the General Prosecutor]] (PGR).
}}
'''Nemesio Rubén Oseguera Cervantes''' ({{IPA|es-419|neˈmesio oseˈɣeɾa seɾˈβantes|lang}}; born 17 July 1966, or 17 July 1964), commonly referred to by his alias '''El Mencho''' ({{IPA|es|el ˈmentʃo|}}), is a Mexican [[drug lord]] and leader of the [[Jalisco New Generation Cartel]] (CJNG), an organized crime group based in [[Jalisco]]. He is the most wanted person in Mexico and one of the most wanted in the U.S. The US government and the Mexican government are offering rewards of [[United States dollar|US$]]10 million and [[Mexican peso|MXN$]]30 million, respectively, for information leading to his arrest.
He is wanted for [[Illegal drug trade|drug trafficking]], organized crime involvement, and undocumented possession of firearms. El Mencho is allegedly responsible for coordinating global drug trafficking operations. Under his command, the CJNG became one of Mexico's leading criminal organizations.
Born into poverty in Mexico, El Mencho grew [[avocados]] and dropped out of primary school before [[Illegal immigration to the United States|immigrating illegally]] to the U.S. in the 1980s. After being arrested several times, he was deported to Mexico in the early 1990s and worked for the [[Milenio Cartel]].<ref>{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/the-brutal-rise-of-el-mencho-196980/ |title=The Brutal Rise of el Mencho |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=11 July 2017 |access-date=31 December 2020 |archive-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731123617/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/the-brutal-rise-of-el-mencho-196980/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He eventually climbed to the top of the criminal organization and founded the CJNG after several of his bosses were arrested or killed.
His notoriety is also a result of his aggressive leadership and sensationalist acts of violence against both rival criminal groups and Mexican security forces alike. These attacks brought him increased government attention and an extensive manhunt. Security forces suspect he is hiding in the rural terrains of Jalisco, [[Michoacán]], [[Nayarit]], and/or [[Colima]], and is guarded by [[Mercenary|mercenaries]] with former [[Military education and training|military training]].
In February 2022 unconfirmed reports began to surface stating that El Mencho had died from respiratory arrest while undergoing treatment in a private hospital in [[Guadalajara]].<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=¿"El Mencho" está muerto? Se rumora la supuesta muerte del líder del CJNG; la FGR investiga |url=https://www.lavozdemichoacan.com.mx/seguridad/narcotrafico-seguridad/el-mencho-esta-muerto-se-rumora-la-supuesta-muerte-del-lider-del-cjng-la-fgr-investiga/ |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=La Voz de Michoacán |date=15 February 2022 |language=en |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302133354/https://www.lavozdemichoacan.com.mx/seguridad/narcotrafico-seguridad/el-mencho-esta-muerto-se-rumora-la-supuesta-muerte-del-lider-del-cjng-la-fgr-investiga/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
However, U.S. [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] agent Kyle Mori, who heads the search for El Mencho, denied rumors of his death in an interview he gave to KFI AM's in March 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=¿"Episode 407 - The $10 Million Fugitive |url=https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1248-unsolved-with-steve-grego-89017092/episode/episode-407-the-10-million-109950141/ |access-date=5 March 2022 |website=iHeart |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812070239/https://www.iheart.com/podcast/1248-unsolved-with-steve-grego-89017092/episode/episode-407-the-10-million-109950141/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Early life==
Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes was born in July 1964 or 1966 in the rural community of Culotitlán in [[Aguililla|Aguililla, Michoacán]], Mexico.{{efn|According to the [[United States Department of the Treasury]], he has a listed alternative date of birth for 17 July 1965.<ref name="usdptstate" /><ref name="hR4kx" /> The [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) states he was born in [[Guadalajara, Jalisco]].<ref name="dea" /> Other sources state he was born in [[Uruapan|Uruapan, Michoacán]].<ref name="menchobbc" />}}<ref name="usdptstate" /><ref name="hR4kx" /> His first name is cited as "Rubén" and/or "Nemesio".<ref name="usdptstate" /><ref name="w6Fvh" /> He has alternative aliases like "Nemecio", "Rubén Acerguera Cervantes", "Lorenzo Mendoza", and "Nemesio Oseguera Ramos".<ref name="jgfyn" /> Some sources state that his birth-given name was Rubén but that he changed it to Nemesio in memory of his godfather.<ref name="menchouni" /><ref name="gallero" /> He is widely known by his alias "El Mencho", a nickname that derives from the [[Phonology#CITEREFAnderson2021|phonetic derivation]] of Nemesio.<ref name="z33ie" /> Another nickname is "The Lord of the Roosters", said to be derived from his love for [[cockfight]]ing.<ref name="newchapo">{{cite news |last1=Gutierrez |first1=Gabe |last2=Seward |first2=Bianca |title=The New Chapo: An inside look at the hunt for El Mencho, Mexico's bloodiest drug lord |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/chapo-inside-look-hunt-el-131359853.html |access-date=1 March 2021 |work=news.yahoo.com |publisher=NBC News |date=1 March 2021 |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814193110/https://www.yahoo.com/news/chapo-inside-look-hunt-el-131359853.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
El Mencho grew up in a poor family that cultivated avocados.<ref name="rollingstone" /> He had five brothers: Juan, Miguel, [[Antonio Oseguera Cervantes|Antonio]], Marín, and Abraham.<ref name="joH5l" /> He dropped out of [[primary school]] in fifth grade to work in the fields.<ref name="menchouni" /> At the age of 14 he started guarding marijuana plantations.<ref name="rollingstone" /> A few years later, he decided he wanted a better life for himself and [[Illegal immigration to the United States|immigrated illegally]] to the U.S. state of [[California]] in the 1980s.<ref name="menchouni" /><ref name="gallero" /> To conceal his identity in the U.S., he used different names and combinations, like "Rubén Ávila", "José López Prieto", "Miguel Valadez", "Carlos Hernández Mendoza", "Roberto Salgado", among others.<ref name="menchouni" /><ref name=":3" />
=== Time in the U.S. ===
[[File:El Mencho San Francisco Mugshots.jpg|thumb|200 px|right|Mugshots of Oseguera taken in 1986 and 1989]]
In 1986, he lived in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. He was arrested by the [[San Francisco Police Department|San Francisco Police]] at the age of 19 for stolen property and carrying a loaded gun. Two months after his arrest, his first child was born. According to border entry records, El Mencho crossed the [[Mexico–United States border|U.S.-Mexico border]] several times during the late 1980s under other aliases. The [[Drug Enforcement Administration|DEA]] and Mexican investigators believe that it was during this time that he became involved in meth production and trade in [[Redwood City, California|Redwood City]], alongside his brother-in-law [[Abigael González Valencia]] (alias "El Cuini").<ref name="rollingstone" />
In 1989, El Mencho was arrested again in [[San Francisco]] for selling narcotics. He was deported to Mexico several months later, but re-entered the U.S. and resettled in San Francisco. In September 1992, he was arrested again, this time on federal drug charges in [[Sacramento, California]].<ref name="menchouni" /><ref name="rollingstone" /> According to court records, El Mencho and his brother Abraham were at a San Francisco bar known as Imperial to carry out a [[Illegal drug trade|heroin deal]]: five ounces for US$9,500. Abraham was in charge of the transaction, while El Mencho acted as a lookout. El Mencho was 26 years old at that time, much younger than Abraham, but was savvy enough to recognize that the transaction was a set-up by the police. He told his brother that the men to whom they gave the heroin handed over perfectly stacked dollar bills instead of loose ones. Through a [[Telephone tapping|wiretap]] conversation, the police overheard El Mencho warning his brother to never do business with them again since they were [[Undercover operation|undercover cops]].<ref name="rollingstone" />
=== Arrest and deportation ===
Three weeks after the incident both men were arrested by the police. In court, El Mencho insisted that he was innocent. He said he was not involved in the heroin deal and that the undercover agents were lying about him handling the drugs. The prosecution insisted that both siblings were working together. El Mencho was left with few options; if he pleaded not guilty, his brother Abraham—who already had felony drug sentences in his record—would probably face [[Life imprisonment|life in prison]]. His defense understood that if he decided on a [[jury trial]], he would likely be convicted. He decided to [[Guilt (law)|plead guilty]] and protect his brother from life imprisonment. He was sentenced to 5 years and imprisoned at the [[Big Spring Correctional Center]] in [[Texas]], which houses a large population of illegal immigrants.<ref name="rollingstone" />
After three years he was released from prison on [[parole]] and [[Deportation and removal from the United States|deported to Mexico]] at the age of 30.<ref name="rollingstone" /> In Mexico, he joined the local police forces of [[Cabo Corrientes (municipality)|Cabo Corrientes]] and [[Tomatlán]] in the state of [[Jalisco]]. After some time he left the police and joined organized crime as a full-time member of the [[Milenio Cartel]].<ref name="menchouni" /><ref name="insightprofile" /> To strengthen his relationship with the Milenio Cartel, El Mencho married one of the clan leader's sisters, [[Rosalinda González Valencia]].<ref name=":3" /> It was in this criminal group where El Mencho would become a leading figure in organized crime.<ref name="rollingstone" />
==Rise to leadership==
In the Milenio Cartel, El Mencho started as a member of the assassin squad that protected the drug lord Armando Valencia Cornelio (alias "El Maradona"). On 12 August 2003, his boss was arrested by Mexican authorities. Around the same time, a rival criminal group known as [[Los Zetas]], with the backing of the [[Gulf Cartel]], carried out an armed offensive against the Milenio Cartel in Michoacán. The attack forced the Valencia family to exile in Jalisco.<ref name="insightprofile" /><ref name="saltillo" />
El Mencho relocated in the state capital, Guadalajara, with his father-in-law José Luis González Valencia (alias "El Quini") and Román Caballero Valencia. In Jalisco, El Mencho and the Milenio Cartel formed an alliance with the Sinaloa Cartel subgroup headed by [[Ignacio Coronel Villarreal|Ignacio "Nacho" Coronel]], a high-ranking drug lord and ally of [[Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán]]. Under Coronel, El Mencho and his group managed the Sinaloa Cartel's drug operations, finances, and murder activities in the states of [[Colima]] and Jalisco.<ref name="insightprofile" /><ref name="saltillo" />
On 28 October 2009, the Milenio Cartel's top leader Óscar Orlando Nava Valencia (alias "El Lobo") was arrested.<ref name="g9p5f" /> On 6 May 2010, his brother Juan Carlos (alias "El Tigre") was arrested too.<ref name="7FQ17" /> Two months later, Coronel was killed in a shootout with the [[Mexican Army]]. Following their downfalls, the Milenio Cartel began to rupture and El Mencho tried to take over its leadership structure.<ref name="insightprofile" /><ref name="saltillo" />
One sect within the Milenio Cartel wanted to appoint as the leader of the group Elpidio Mojarro Ramírez (alias "El Pilo"), who worked closely with Óscar Orlando and Juan Carlos before their arrests. [[Érick Valencia Salazar]], one of the clan members, wanted El Mencho to take command. El Mencho then asked the other Milenio bloc to hand over Gerardo Mendoza (alias "Tecato" and/or "Cochi") for killing a group of men that reported to him in [[Tecomán|Tecomán, Colima]]. The other division refused El Mencho's request, prompting an internal war.<ref name="JYqeL" />
The Milenio Cartel split into two. One side was known as [[La Resistencia (gang)|La Resistencia (The Resistance)]], the other was Los Mata Zetas (The Zeta Killers), headed by El Mencho. La Resistencia accused Los Mata Zetas of turning in Óscar Orlando to the authorities. A war ensued, and the two groups fought for the drug smuggling turfs in Jalisco.<ref name="insightprofile" /><ref name="rb2im" />
To legitimize its presence, El Mencho's group launched a propaganda campaign against its enemies, denouncing extortions done by rival gangs against civilians, businessmen, and government authorities.<ref name="saltillo" /> Los Mata Zetas eventually won the war and consolidated their influence in western Mexico. The group then changed its name to the [[Jalisco New Generation Cartel]] (Spanish: Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación, or CJNG).<ref name="crystalpower" /><ref name="fI3hQ" />
==Leadership tenure==
As leader of the CJNG, El Mencho solidified his position and grew his organization through territorial expansion and by corrupting government officials. The CJNG went from being a small, offshoot criminal gang to one of the leading criminal groups in Mexico. Throughout the process, El Mencho established himself as one of Mexico's most-wanted criminals.<ref name="insightprofile" /> His rise to fame is due to a number of factors, including the aggressive and sensationalist displays of public violence by the CJNG. The direct attacks of the CJNG against Mexico's security forces earned El Mencho a reputation among authorities as "[[Public enemy|principal enemy]]" of the state and as a dangerous criminal. In addition, the fall of Mexico's former top crime bosses cleared the way for El Mencho to gain visibility and status.<ref name="crystalpower" /><ref name="policetodruglord" />
He consolidated his operations in Jalisco and its adjacent states by fighting off incursions from criminal groups like Los Zetas and the [[Knights Templar Cartel]]. According to government sources, he is responsible for overseeing the CJNG's entire drug trafficking operations in the states of Jalisco, Colima, and [[Guanajuato]], where he created a bastion for [[methamphetamine]] production and trade.<ref name="menchouni" /><ref name="insightprofile" />
Their operational capacity in Mexico is concentrated in 8 states: Jalisco, Colima, Guanajuato, [[Nayarit]], and [[Veracruz]], where it holds a firm grip of drug trafficking operations, and Morelos, Guerrero and Michoacán, where it fights competing rival drug groups. Between 2014 and 2016, the only region in the country where the CJNG lost its territorial presence was in [[Mexico City]].<ref name="radiografica" /> Internationally, the CJNG reportedly has ties with criminal groups in the U.S., the rest of Latin America, Europe, Asia, and Africa.<ref name=":0" /> On an international scale, the CJNG is mainly focused on trafficking [[cocaine]] and methamphetamine.<ref name=":1" />
El Mencho was able to make the CJNG one of Mexico's most profitable criminal gangs.<ref name=":1" /> The government estimates that El Mencho's group has about US$50&nbsp;billion in total assets.<ref name=":0" /> This success was shared with Abigael González Valencia, his brother-in-law, who headed a drug trafficking group known as [[Los Cuinis]], allied to the CJNG.<ref name=":1" /> Abigael was arrested by the Mexican Navy on 28 February 2015.<ref name="ldfxG" /> Part of El Mencho's success in the drug trade had to do with his ability to strategize market and consumer changes. Initially, the CJNG produced methamphetamine, but then he moved to heroin production when the [[Demand|consumer demand]] changed.<ref name="policetodruglord" />
In 2019 Kyle Mori, the head of the DEA team tasked with locating El Mencho, stated in an interview with Univision that he believed El Mencho had a net worth of at least $500 million and he could also be worth over $1 billion.<ref name="Univision">{{Cite web |last=Univision |title=Revelan qué tan grande es la fortuna de 'El Mencho', uno de los capos más ricos según la DEA |url=https://www.univision.com/noticias/narcotrafico/revelan-que-tan-grande-es-la-fortuna-de-el-mencho-considerado-uno-de-los-capos-mas-ricos-por-la-dea |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=Univision |language=es |archive-date=10 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110234155/https://www.univision.com/noticias/narcotrafico/revelan-que-tan-grande-es-la-fortuna-de-el-mencho-considerado-uno-de-los-capos-mas-ricos-por-la-dea |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Manhunt===
On 25 August 2012, a unit of the [[Federal Police (Mexico)|Mexican Federal Police]] based in [[Tonaya|Tonaya, Jalisco]], responded to an anonymous tip stating that there was an organized crime cell present in a rural community close by. When the security forces got to the area, a shootout broke out between the two parties.<ref name="axbtZ" /> 6 CJNG gunmen were killed in the firefight. Initial reports stated that El Mencho was captured in the operation, but the Mexican government later confirmed that he was not in custody.<ref name="ja9UG" /><ref name="WVBvW" /> Other reporting stated the U.S authorities had alerted the Mexican authorities based on their surveillance of the subject's girlfriend who was importing meth at Gulfport, Mississippi.<ref>Beth Warren. (24 November 2019). "How a Mississippi trooper almost took down the world's most powerful cartel boss". [https://www.courier-journal.com/in-depth/news/crime/2019/11/24/how-mississippi-trooper-almost-took-down-worlds-most-powerful-cartel-boss/4087562002/ Courier Journal] Retrieved 3 April 2021.</ref>
[[File:Mencho - 2018 Wanted Poster.PNG|thumb|Wanted poster of Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes (alias "El Mencho"), offering US$10 million for information leading to his arrest.]]
In a series of highly coordinated tactics to prevent El Mencho's arrest, the CJNG blocked several highways and roads across the [[Guadalajara Metropolitan Area]] by setting at least 37 vehicles on fire.<ref name="fOo0U" /> The purpose of the burning vehicles was to place them as blockades to impede the security forces from traveling across Jalisco's capital and giving El Mencho ample time to escape.<ref name="insightprofile" /> The blockades were placed in strategic routes to prevent police reinforcements to come in or leave Guadalajara. After the attacks were over, the government confirmed that El Mencho was in the area and had evaded capture.<ref name="iRsBm" />
On 19 March 2015, in [[Ocotlán, Jalisco]], CJNG gunmen ambushed a Federal Police convoy. [[2015 Ocotlán ambush|The total death toll was 11]]; five police officers, three civilians, and three CJNG gunmen. The attack was a response by the CJNG to protect El Mencho, who was reportedly in the area for a meeting.<ref name="kCwQn" /> On 23 March, Heriberto Acevedo Cárdenas (alias "El Gringo" and "El Güero"), one of El Mencho's close associates, was killed in a shootout with the Federal Police in [[Zacoalco de Torres|Zacoalco de Torres, Jalisco]]. Three other CJNG suspects were killed. According to government sources, Acevedo Cárdenas directed CJNG cells in Zacoalco, [[Tlajomulco de Zúñiga|Tlajomulco]], [[Cocula, Jalisco|Cocula]], [[Tapalpa]] and [[Atemajac de Brizuela|Atemajac de Brizuela, Jalisco]].<ref name="v2dyV" />
In response to his death, El Mencho commanded the CJNG to carry out attacks against the Mexican Federal Police.<ref name="Oufb5" /> On 30 March, CJNG gunmen in [[Zapopan|Zapopan, Jalisco]], ambushed a convoy containing Alejandro Solorio Aréchiga, Jalisco's security commissioner. No one was killed in the fire exchange.<ref name="MEXw0" />
On 6 April, CJNG gunmen blocked a road in [[San Sebastián del Oeste|San Sebastián del Oeste, Jalisco]], with a burning vehicle and opened fire at a convoy of the Jalisco State Police, [[2015 San Sebastián del Oeste ambush|killing 15 policemen and wounding 5 more]].<ref name="0ctjY" /><ref name="2CrXM" /> The incident was the deadliest single attack on the Mexico's police force since 2010.<ref name="BeI3d" /> That same day, Miguel Ángel Caicedo Vargas, the police chief of Zacoalco de Torres, was killed by CJNG hitmen.<ref name="13X9A" />
A month later on [[1 May 2015 Jalisco attacks|May 1, 2015]], the Mexican government launched Operation Jalisco, a military-led campaign that intended to combat organized crime groups in Jalisco and capture their respective leaders.<ref name="GcbBc" /> The announcement came after a series of violent attacks from the CJNG in previous weeks. The day the operation was inaugurated, intelligence reports stated that El Mencho was in Tonaya, which prompted an offensive to apprehend him. As the security forces moved to the area where El Mencho was allegedly hiding, a gunfight broke out between law enforcement officials and gunmen of the CJNG.<ref name="TAHVi" />
In the small town of [[Villa Purificación|Villa Purificación, Jalisco]], El Mencho's men shot down a Mexican Army [[Eurocopter EC725|helicopter]] with a [[rocket-propelled grenade]] launcher, killing 9 soldiers.<ref name="7FDqe" /><ref name="3Ysi8" /> The battle extended throughout several municipalities in Jalisco; El Mencho's men blockaded several roads across the Guadalajara area to slow down the mobilization of law enforcement and facilitate their leader's escape. The CJNG set 39 buses, 11 banks, and 16 gas stations on fire. The attack spread through 20 different towns and in three neighboring states.<ref name="leyvD" />
According to the Mexican government, El Mencho may be hiding in the state of Jalisco, the CJNG's stronghold. They believe he does not stay in one place for long, and travels across several municipalities in Jalisco and into the states of Michoacán, Colima, and Nayarit.<ref name=":4" /><ref name="eohj4" /> He usually travels across the mountains and rural terrains in these areas since it provides multiple escape routes in the event that security forces attempt to encircle him.<ref name=":4" /> Authorities suspect El Mencho's inner circle is made up of mercenaries with former military training. His second security circle is much larger in size and serves as a rearguard to notify El Mencho's inner circle of suspicious activity and ambush potential parties that attempt to get close to him.<ref name="derrotamilitar" /> El Mencho is believed to live a modest lifestyle compared to other drug kingpins such as [[Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán]] and other members of the CJNG in order to keep a low profile and to avoid detection from law enforcement.<ref name="Univision"/>
==Criminal charges==
Since the 2000s, the DEA office in [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles, California]], has been tracking El Mencho's activities.  The DEA detected that the CJNG had expanded its drug-trafficking operations internationally.<ref name="animalpolitico1" /> In 2000, the U.S. government discovered that El Mencho was involved in a cocaine and methamphetamine operation internationally. Five years later, they discovered he had used firearms to facilitate his operations.<ref name="enlos90" />
In 2007, the DEA discovered that El Mencho was involved in a cocaine operation that went through Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and ended in the United States. They also uncovered a second cocaine shipment from Colombia, Mexico, to the United States. In 2009, the DEA detected that El Mencho was involved in another cocaine shipment originating from Ecuador.<ref name="oMtrD" /> Two more shipments were then detected in 2013 from Mexico then again to the United States.<ref name="enlos90" /> In 2014, however, the DEA noticed a radical shift in the CJNG's [[modus operandi]]; El Mencho was discovered to have coordinated a methamphetamine shipment that went from Mexico to Australia then to the U.S. by leveraging China-based gangs.<ref name="animalpolitico1" /><ref name="6j150" />
On 27 September 2011, Mexico's [[Attorney General of Mexico|Office of the General Prosecutor]] (PGR) issued an arrest warrant for El Mencho and offered MXN$2&nbsp;million for anyone who can help provide information that leads to his arrest.<ref name="j2CDA" /> He was accused of organized crime involvement and [[Criminal possession of a weapon|illegal possession of firearms]].<ref name="UkKxZ" /> In March 2014, the [[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]], based on the previous investigations by the DEA, indicted El Mencho for several charges, including drug trafficking and for being leaders of a "[[Continuing Criminal Enterprise]]".<ref name="irvLL" /> El Mencho and Abigael were accused of coordinating shipments of cocaine and methamphetamine from South America via Mexico to the United States.  They also stated that the CJNG and Los Cuinis coordinated the collection and delivery of the drug proceeds from the U.S. to Mexico.<ref name="OTsmt" /> In addition, the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Texas]] is looking to convict El Mencho for drug trafficking offenses.<ref name="dea" />
On 18 December 2017, seventeen year-old YouTube star [[Juan Luis Lagunas Rosales]], known as "El Pirata de Culiacán" (English: The Pirate from Culiacán), was gunned down in a bar in Jalisco by a group of four men armed with rifles, shortly after Lagunas Rosales published videotaped insults towards El Mencho. Police are investigating whether El Mencho gave the order to execute him, but no charges have been filed.<ref name="PqozT" />
On 15 August 2018, the PGR announced they were offering up to MXN$30 million to anyone who provides information that leads to El Mencho's capture.<ref name="0H6gu" /> This announcement was made public when the DEA and Mexican authorities prepared to reveal a new cooperation plan against organized crime, which included a stronger focus against their financial structure and the creation of a law enforcement group responsible for investigating international cases.<ref name="VkD8m" /> The bounty derives from a new arrest warrant issued against him for his alleged participation in masterminding the kidnapping and murder of two agents of the Criminal Investigation Agency<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-09-27 |title=PGR Creates the Criminal Investigation Agency |url=https://justiceinmexico.org/pgr-creates-the-criminal-investigation-agency/ |access-date=2023-06-28 |website=Justice in Mexico |language=en-US |archive-date=23 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230223155044/https://justiceinmexico.org/pgr-creates-the-criminal-investigation-agency/ |url-status=live }}</ref> (AIC), a branch of the PGR, in February 2018.<ref name="DjULo" />
On 16 October 2018, the [[United States Department of State|Departments of State]], [[United States Department of Justice|Justice]], and [[United States Department of the Treasury|Treasury]] announced a joint law-enforcement measure against the CJNG, and increased El Mencho's bounty to US$10&nbsp;million from US$5&nbsp;million.<ref name="xgPe6" /> This increase was one of the largest approved in the history of the [[Narcotics Rewards Program]].<ref name="D3smN" />
===Kingpin Act designation===
On 8 April 2015, the [[United States Department of the Treasury]]'s [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] (OFAC) sanctioned El Mencho under the [[Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act]] ("Kingpin Act") for his involvement in international drug-smuggling operations. The sanction was joint investigation conducted by the Treasury and the DEA office in Los Angeles as part of a larger effort with their Mexican counterparts to sanction drug trafficking groups in Mexico. The sanction extended to the CJNG, his brother-in-law Abigael González Valencia, and Los Cuinis. As part of the sanction, all the U.S.-based assets and/or assets in control of U.S. individuals on behalf of El Mencho, González Valencia, the CJNG, and Los Cuinis, were frozen in the United States.  In addition, the act prohibited U.S. citizens from engaging in business activities with them.<ref name="gaYtX" />
On 17 September 2015, the OFAC sanctioned five businesses in Jalisco for financially supporting the CJNG and El Mencho's operations. This sanction was a result of another investigation done by the Treasury and the DEA office in Los Angeles. As before, all of the U.S.-based assets of these businesses were frozen, and U.S. citizens were prohibited from doing business with them.<ref name=":2" /> The businesses were a sushi restaurant in [[Puerto Vallarta]] and Guadalajara, a tequila company in Guadalajara,{{efn|Other sources state that the tequila company is based in [[Tepatitlán|Tepatitlán, Jalisco]].<ref name="universalamparos" />}} a rental cabin business in [[Tapalpa]], and an advertising firm and agricultural company, both in Guadalajara.<ref name="xGBPJ" /> According to the report, the diversity of these businesses showed that the CJNG was successful at penetrating the economy.<ref name=":2" />
On 27 October 2016, the OFAC sanctioned nine more individuals for providing material and financial assistance to El Mencho and González Valencia and their respective groups, the CJNG and Los Cuinis. This sanction was also result of another investigation done by the Treasury and the DEA office in Los Angeles. This sanction was an attempt by the U.S. government to disrupt the inner circle of complicit family members within the CJNG and Los Cuinis and affect their finances in Mexico's domestic economy. The individuals sanctioned were El Mencho's brother Antonio; his son-in-law [[Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez]]; five of González Valencia's siblings: Arnulfo, Édgar Edén, [[Elvis González Valencia|Elvis]], Marisa Ivette, and Noemí; businessman Fabián Felipe Vera López; and attorney María Teresa Quintana Navarro. All their U.S.-based assets were frozen, and once again U.S. citizens were prohibited from doing business with them.<ref name="9GVIt" />
==CJNG infighting and split==
In March 2017, El Mencho ordered the murder of El Cholo, a former CJNG member who betrayed the CJNG by joining the Nueva Plaza Cartel and conspiring against his former allies.<ref name=infighting>{{Cite web |url=https://www.insightcrime.org/news/analysis/new-criminal-group-hitting-mexicos-cjng-hurts/ |title=The New Criminal Group Hitting Mexico's CJNG Where It Hurts |date=24 July 2018 |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711152910/https://insightcrime.org/news/analysis/new-criminal-group-hitting-mexicos-cjng-hurts/ |url-status=live }}</ref> El Cholo was marked for death by El Mencho after he murdered a CJNG financial operator nicknamed "El Colombiano", but the assassination attempt was a failure. El Cholo afterwards retaliated by co-founding a new cartel called the Nueva Plaza Cartel.<ref name=infighting /> CJNG co-founder Erick Valencia Salazar also split with El Mencho and became a high-ranking leader in the Nueva Plaza Cartel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2019/04/22/erick-valencia-salazar-el-85-el-otro-fundador-del-cartel-jalisco-nueva-generacion-al-que-el-mencho-traiciono/&prev=search |title=Erick Valencia Salazar "El 85": El otro fundador del Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación al que "El Mencho" traicionó |date=22 April 2019 |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-date=14 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714120520/https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=https://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2019/04/22/erick-valencia-salazar-el-85-el-otro-fundador-del-cartel-jalisco-nueva-generacion-al-que-el-mencho-traiciono/&prev=search |url-status=live }}</ref> They also have formed a rivalry with El Mencho and the CJNG as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-arrest-wife-of-cjng-cartel-boss-may-be-closing-in-on-el-mencho-2018-5 |title=Mexican police arrested the wife of cartel chief 'El Mencho,' and it may mean they're closing in on the head of Mexico's most powerful cartel |last=Asmann |first=Parker |website=Business Insider |access-date=28 December 2019 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604112824/https://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-arrest-wife-of-cjng-cartel-boss-may-be-closing-in-on-el-mencho-2018-5 |url-status=live }}</ref>  El Cholo was later murdered, with his body being discovered stabbed and wrapped in plastic on a park bench in downtown Tlaquepaque on 18 March 2021.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/body-wrapped-in-plastic-left-on-park-bench/ |title=Body wrapped in plastic, left on park bench believed to be cartel boss |publisher=Mexico News Daily |date=19 March 2021 |access-date=14 May 2021 |archive-date=25 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525175900/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/body-wrapped-in-plastic-left-on-park-bench/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/mexican-cartel-leader-s-body-left-wrapped-in-plastic-on-park-bench-b1820855.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220618/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/mexican-cartel-leader-s-body-left-wrapped-in-plastic-on-park-bench-b1820855.html |archive-date=18 June 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Mexican cartel leader's body left wrapped in plastic on park bench |work=The Independent |date=23 March 2021|access-date=14 May 2021}}</ref>
==Family==
El Mencho has five brothers: Juan, Miguel, [[Antonio Oseguera Cervantes|Antonio]], Marín and Abraham. In the 1990s, Abraham was given a 10-year prison sentence in California. In 2013, Mexican authorities accused him of murder in Michoacán. The charges were later dropped and the case was closed.<ref name="df3mc" />
Marín was accused in a California court, but the charges are not available to the public. Antonio lived in the U.S. and was released from a [[Mississippi]] prison in 2001 after completing his sentence for property damage charges.<ref name="hTRsk" /> He was arrested in Jalisco on 4 December 2015, by the Mexican Army and Navy for working as one of El Mencho's top financial operators. According to the Mexican government, Juan and Miguel are involved with the CJNG. Juan was charged in Michoacán for burglary, but the case was later dismissed.<ref name="81YQI" />
Rosalinda González Valencia is the wife of El Mencho. They have three children: Jessica Johana, Laisha, and [[Rubén Oseguera González]] (alias "El Menchito).<ref name="jYnQ8" /> Jessica Johana is married to Julio Alberto Castillo Rodríguez (alias "El Ojo de Vidrio"), first arrested on 1 May 2015. He was released on 1 July for lack of evidence, but was re-arrested again on 6 April 2016, for his involvement in the CJNG.<ref name="EzMjR" /><ref name="flLDF" /> El Mencho's son Rubén was regarded by the Mexican government as the second-in-command in the CJNG prior to his arrest in 2014. He was released from prison on several occasions for lack of evidence, but was re-arrested each time by the police for additional charges.<ref name="fU6B2" /><ref name="3nW2n" /> Rubén was later extradited to the United States on 21 February 2020<ref>{{Cite news|last=Haynes|first=Danielle|url=https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2020/02/21/Mexican-cartel-leader-El-Menchito-extradited-to-US/4441582309211/|title=Mexican cartel leader 'El Menchito' extradited to U.S.|date=21 February 2020|work=[[United Press International]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Sheridan|first1=Mary Beth|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/suspected-mexican-cartel-figure-handed-over-to-us-amid-surge-of-extraditions/2020/02/21/c708eec0-54b3-11ea-80ce-37a8d4266c09_story.html|title=Suspected Mexican cartel figure handed over to U.S. amid surge of extraditions|date=21 February 2020|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|last2=Jouvenal|first2=Justin}}</ref> and would be later convicted by a Washington D.C.-based federal jury on various murder, drug trafficking and firearm charges in September 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Michael |last=Kunzelman |date=21 September 2024 |title=Mexican cartel leader’s son convicted of violent role in drug trafficking plot |url=https://apnews.com/article/ruben-oseguera-cartel-menchito-jalisco-new-generation-5130657a0a8859497dc3bccfb73d16ef |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dea.gov/press-releases/2024/09/24/notorious-mexican-cartel-leader-convicted-international-drug-trafficking|title=Notorious Mexican Cartel Leader Convicted for International Drug Trafficking and Firearms Offenses|publisher=U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency|date=September 24, 2024|accessdate=November 21, 2024}}</ref>
In addition, Mexican authorities suspected in 2016 that Omar Eleazar Oseguera Cervantes was part of the CJNG leadership structure. Though he has the same last name as El Mencho, he was listed as being his nephew and not as one of his brothers.<ref name="7gleS" /> He reportedly works as one of his top security chiefs.<ref name="RF4Vr" /> El Mencho's brother-in-law Elvis González Valencia was arrested in 2016 as well.<ref name=cjng>{{Cite web |url=https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/ev9a7p/mexico-just-busted-the-alleged-financial-brains-of-the-jalisco-new-generation-cartel |title=Mexico Just Busted the Alleged Financial Brains of the Jalisco New Generation Cartel |date=4 January 2016 |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-date=19 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190619225521/https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/ev9a7p/mexico-just-busted-the-alleged-financial-brains-of-the-jalisco-new-generation-cartel |url-status=live }}</ref> He had served as the CJNG's lead financier.<ref name=cjng /> He was later released in December 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vallartadaily.com/operation-jalisco-has-failed/ |title=Operation Jalisco has failed after three years |date=3 May 2018 |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-date=27 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627085800/https://www.vallartadaily.com/operation-jalisco-has-failed/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In May 2018, El Mencho's wife Rosalinda was arrested on money laundering charges.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/wife-of-jalisco-cartel-boss-arrested/ |title=Wife of Jalisco New Generation Cartel boss arrested in Zapopan |date=28 May 2018 |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-date=16 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916082203/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/wife-of-jalisco-cartel-boss-arrested/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-arrest-wife-of-cjng-cartel-boss-may-be-closing-in-on-el-mencho-2018-5 |title=Mexican police arrested the wife of cartel chief 'El Mencho,' and it may mean they're closing in on the head of Mexico's most powerful cartel |website=[[Business Insider]] |access-date=17 July 2019 |archive-date=4 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604112824/https://www.businessinsider.com/mexico-arrest-wife-of-cjng-cartel-boss-may-be-closing-in-on-el-mencho-2018-5 |url-status=live }}</ref> Rosalinda was later released after being granted a bail of 1.5 million pesos ($78,000) in September 2018, but remains criminally charged and will still face trial.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vallartadaily.com/rosalinda-gonzalez-released-from-jail/ |title=Wife of Jalisco New Generation Cartel leader released from jail |date=8 September 2018 |website=Puerto Vallarta News |language=en-US |access-date=28 December 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717164558/https://www.vallartadaily.com/rosalinda-gonzalez-released-from-jail/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Jessica Johanna Oseguera Gonzalez.jpg|thumb|alt=Jessica Johanna Oseguera Gonzalez|Jessica Johanna Oseguera Gonzalez pictured by the [[DEA]].]]
In April 2019, El Mencho's godson Adrián Alonso Guerrero Covarrubias was arrested on charges of drug trafficking and kidnapping. Guerrero served as El Mencho's regional head in the Ciénega and northern Los Altos regions in Jalisco, along with southeastern Guanajuato.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/federal-forces-capture-two-cartel-chieftains/ |title=Federal forces capture two cartel chieftains in Jalisco |date=10 April 2019 |website=Mexico News Daily |language=en-US |access-date=27 December 2019 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411022949/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/federal-forces-capture-two-cartel-chieftains/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In February 2020, El Mencho's daughter Jessica Johana, 33, known as "La Negra" was arrested in Washington D.C. when she went to see her brother Ruben who was extradited in the US for drug trafficking. She was charged with engaging in transactions or dealings in properties with businesses blacklisted by the Treasury Department and providing financial support to the CJNG.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mexican-drug-kingpin-el-menchos-daughter-arrested-in-washington-dc/ |title=Daughter of alleged Mexican drug kingpin "El Mencho" arrested in Washington D.C. |website=CbsNews |date=27 February 2020 |language=en-US |access-date=27 February 2020 |archive-date=28 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228030148/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mexican-drug-kingpin-el-menchos-daughter-arrested-in-washington-dc/ |url-status=live }}</ref> She pleaded guilty on 12 March 2021, and on 11 June was sentenced to 2{{Fraction|1|2}} years in prison.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daughter of reputed Mexican drug lord sentenced in US |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/daughter-reputed-mexican-drug-lord-sentenced-us-78231127 |access-date=17 November 2021 |website=ABC News |language=en |archive-date=17 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117031545/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/daughter-reputed-mexican-drug-lord-sentenced-us-78231127 |url-status=live }}</ref>
In November 2021, Rosalinda, known as "La Jefa," was arrested in Jalisco's Zapopan municipality.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://english.elpais.com/usa/2021-11-18/the-downfall-of-rosalinda-gonzalez-leading-figure-of-powerful-mexican-drug-cartel.html |title=The downfall of Rosalinda González, leading figure of a powerful Mexican drug cartel |first=Elena |last=Reina |publisher=El País |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-date=23 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823171802/https://english.elpais.com/usa/2021-11-18/the-downfall-of-rosalinda-gonzalez-leading-figure-of-powerful-mexican-drug-cartel.html |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time of this arrest, El Mencho's wife was found to be financial chief of the CJNG.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/rosalinda-gonzalez-cjng-narco-family/ |title=Rosalinda González: alleged CJNG chief comes from a family of narcos |publisher=Mexican News Daily |date=18 November 2021 |access-date=28 November 2021 |archive-date=16 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220916082202/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/news/rosalinda-gonzalez-cjng-narco-family/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
In December 2022, El Mencho's brother Antonio Oseguera Cervantes, known as "El Tony Montana," was arrested during an army raid in Guadalajara.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/antonio-oseguera-arrested-brother-el-mencho-most-wanted-jalisco-cartel-boss-mexico/ |title="El Tony Montana" - the brother of Mexico's most wanted cartel boss "El Mencho" - is arrested by the army |publisher=CBS News |date=20 December 2022 |access-date=21 December 2022 |archive-date=21 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221000859/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/antonio-oseguera-arrested-brother-el-mencho-most-wanted-jalisco-cartel-boss-mexico/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Authorities have stated that he was a logistics operator of the CJNG, supplying weapons, laundering money, and coordinating actions against other cartels. During his arrest, the army confiscated multiple weapons.{{fact|date=January 2024}}
In November 2024, El Mencho's son-in-law Cristian Fernando Gutierrez-Ochoa, a high ranking CJNG leader who notably faked his death and took up residency in California under an assumed identity, was arrested in [[Riverside, California]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/mexico-cartel-leader-arrested-california-faked-own-death-justice-department/|title=Mexican cartel leader who faked own death to "live a life of luxury" in U.S. is arrested in California, feds say|publisher=CBS News|date=21 November 2024|accessdate=21 November 2024}}</ref><ref name=someamericanbasedfamily>{{cite news|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/high-ranking-mexican-cartel-leader-arrested-charges-international-drug-trafficking-and-money|title=High-Ranking Mexican Cartel Leader Arrested on Charges of International Drug Trafficking and Money Laundering After Faking Own Death to Live in California Under Assumed Identity|publisher=Department of Justice Office of Public Affairs|date=21 November 2024|accessdate=21 November 2024}}</ref> Guetierrez-Ochoa was previously reported to be the romantic partner of El Mencho's daughter Laisha in April 2022.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.borderlandbeat.com/2022/04/laisha-oseguera-daughter-of-el-mencho.html|title=Laisha Oseguera, Daughter Of "El Mencho", Can Be Apprehended, Denied Suspension Of Protective Order|first=Sol|last=Prendido|publisher=Borderland Beat|date=April 29, 2022|accessdate=November 21, 2024}}</ref> El Mencho assisted the scheme to fake Guetierrez-Ochoa's death by falsely telling associates that he killed his son-in-law for lying.<ref name=fatherinlawhelpssoninlaw>{{cite news|url=https://apnews.com/article/mexican-cartel-arrest-el-mencho-justice-department-6bd822c5d37c18aeebbcf067f26e5a60|title=A Mexican cartel leader arrested in the US faked his death and assumed a phony name, prosecutors say|first=Alanna Durkin|last=Richer|publisher=Associated Press|date=21 November 2024|accessdate=21 November 2024}}</ref> The scheme to fake Gueiterrez-Ochoa's death occurred after he was charged with a 2021 kidnapping of two Mexican Navy members.<ref name=fatherinlawhelpssoninlaw /> However, the charges which Gutierrez-Ochoa were arrested for in California involved drug trafficking and money laundering.<ref name=fatherinlawhelpssoninlaw /> The U.S. Department of Justice also stated that Laisha had been living with Gueiterrez-Ochoa in the United States, and had even been living in the country just prior to Gueiterrez-Ochoa's arrival from Mexico after he faked his death.<ref name=fatherinlawhelpssoninlaw /><ref name=someamericanbasedfamily /> According to the Justice Department, Guieterrez fled Mexico in part to join El Mencho's daughter in the United States.<ref name=fatherinlawhelpssoninlaw /><ref name=someamericanbasedfamily />
== Health ==
In 2020, it was reported that El Mencho suffers from [[kidney disease]] and had built a hospital in the village of El Alcíhuatl to help treat it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2020 |title=How will Mexico's president handle "El Mencho", a kingpin on the rise? |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2020/08/15/how-will-mexicos-president-handle-el-mencho-a-kingpin-on-the-rise |access-date=10 January 2022 |issn=0013-0613 |archive-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111091928/https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2020/08/15/how-will-mexicos-president-handle-el-mencho-a-kingpin-on-the-rise |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2020 |title=Top Mexican drug kingpin El Mencho reportedly builds own private hospital |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/28/mexico-cartel-boss-drug-lord-el-mencho-hospital |access-date=10 January 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en |archive-date=8 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220108105828/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/28/mexico-cartel-boss-drug-lord-el-mencho-hospital |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, [[Insight Crime]] reported that El Mencho had in fact not been seen for years amid concerns about his poor health.<ref name=status />
==Reported death==
In February 2022, there were unconfirmed reports stating that El Mencho had died from respiratory arrest while undergoing treatment in a private hospital in Guadalajara.<ref name=":5" /> The claim of his death was soon afterwards backed by "narcomantas" messages which appeared around the city of Colima and which were written by the Mezcales (also known as Cartel Independiente de Colima), presumably headed by El Mencho loyalist José Bernabé Brizuela Meraz, alias "La Vaca."<ref name=status>{{cite news|url=https://insightcrime.org/news/betrayals-infighting-mysteriously-vanished-leader-jalisco-cartel-brink/|title=Betrayals, In-Fighting, Mysteriously Vanished Leader - Is Jalisco Cartel on the Brink?|first=Peter|last=Appleby|publisher=Insight Crime|date=May 25, 2022|accessdate=January 5, 2022|archive-date=25 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525174436/https://insightcrime.org/news/betrayals-infighting-mysteriously-vanished-leader-jalisco-cartel-brink/|url-status=live}}</ref> La Vaca was also reported to have defected from the CJNG because of El Mencho's death.<ref name=status />
{{check quotation}}
==See also==
*[[List of fugitives from justice who disappeared]]
*[[Mexican Drug War]]
== Notes and references ==
'''Footnotes'''
{{notelist}}
'''References'''
{{reflist|colwidth=30em|refs=
<ref name="usdptstate">{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/inl/narc/rewards/249819.htm |title=Narcotics Rewards Program: Rubén Oseguera Cervantes |publisher=[[United States Department of State]] |access-date=24 May 2019 |archive-date=14 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814193111/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/inl/narc/rewards/249819.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="dea">{{cite web |title=Houston Fugitives: Nemesio Oseguera-Cervantes |url=https://www.dea.gov/fugitives/hou/F1720506-7F59-4D03-AFE3-D619EEBE9ED1.shtml |publisher=[[Drug Enforcement Administration]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180654/https://www.dea.gov/fugitives/hou/F1720506-7F59-4D03-AFE3-D619EEBE9ED1.shtml|archive-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="menchobbc">{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/05/150520_nemesio_oseguera_mencho_mas_buscado_mexico_an |title=La acelerada vida de El Mencho, el hombre más buscado de México |date=20 May 2015 |publisher=BBC Mundo |language=es |last1=Nájar |first1=Alberto|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301051610/http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/05/150520_nemesio_oseguera_mencho_mas_buscado_mexico_an|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="rollingstone">{{cite magazine |last1=Eells |first1=Josh |title=The Brutal Rise of El Mencho |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/the-brutal-rise-of-el-mencho-w491405 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=11 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170713011422/http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/features/the-brutal-rise-of-el-mencho-w491405|archive-date=13 July 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="gallero">{{cite news |last1=Rincón |first1=Sergio |title=Nemesio Oseguera 'El Mencho', el gallero al que le gustaba ser un 'fantasma' y capo del narco |url=http://www.univision.com/noticias/carteles/nemesio-oseguera-el-mencho-el-gallero-al-que-le-gustaba-ser-un-fantasma-y-capo-del-narco |publisher=[[Univision]] |date=12 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301190140/http://www.univision.com/noticias/carteles/nemesio-oseguera-el-mencho-el-gallero-al-que-le-gustaba-ser-un-fantasma-y-capo-del-narco|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="menchouni">{{cite news |last1=Almada Morales |first1=Jorge |title='El Mencho', el deportado que se convirtió en el narco más sanguinario |url=http://www.univision.com/los-angeles/kmex/noticias/narcotrafico/el-mencho-el-deportado-que-se-convirtio-en-el-narco-mas-sanguinario |publisher=[[Univision]] |date=11 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301194650/http://www.univision.com/los-angeles/kmex/noticias/narcotrafico/el-mencho-el-deportado-que-se-convirtio-en-el-narco-mas-sanguinario|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="insightprofile">{{cite news |title=Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes, alias 'El Mencho' |url=http://www.insightcrime.org/mexico-organized-crime-news/nemesio-oseguera-ramos-alias-el-mencho |publisher=[[InSight Crime]] |date=21 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312233549/http://www.insightcrime.org/mexico-organized-crime-news/nemesio-oseguera-ramos-alias-el-mencho|archive-date=12 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name=":3">{{cite news |last1=Huerta |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Familiares de 'El Mencho' se amparan; temen detenciones |url=http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/familiares-de-el-mencho-se-amparan-temen-detenciones.html |work=[[El Financiero]] |date=22 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301011252/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/familiares-de-el-mencho-se-amparan-temen-detenciones.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="saltillo">{{cite news |url=http://www.zocalo.com.mx/seccion/articulo/diversifica-mencho-mercado-del-narco-1391193491 |title=Diversifica 'Mencho' mercado del narco |date=31 January 2014 |publisher=Zócalo Saltillo |location=Mexico City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226113346/http://www.zocalo.com.mx/seccion/articulo/diversifica-mencho-mercado-del-narco-1391193491|archive-date=26 February 2015|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="crystalpower">{{cite news |last1=Woody |first1=Christopher |title=Crystal meth 'superpower': An upstart cartel is climbing to the top of Mexico's narco underworld |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/r-carnage-and-corruption-upstart-mexican-cartels-path-to-top-2016-10 |work=[[Business Insider]] |date=11 October 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120054813/http://www.businessinsider.com/r-carnage-and-corruption-upstart-mexican-cartels-path-to-top-2016-10|archive-date=20 January 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="policetodruglord">{{cite news |url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/the-rise-of-mexicos-most-wanted-man-el-mencho |title=From Police Officer to Drug Lord: The Rise of Mexico's Most Wanted Man |date=21 May 2015 |publisher=[[InSight Crime]] |last1=Lohmuller |first1=Michael|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630233041/http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/the-rise-of-mexicos-most-wanted-man-el-mencho|archive-date=30 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="radiografica">{{cite news |url=http://www.animalpolitico.com/2016/07/asi-se-reparten-carteles-de-la-droga-en-mexico/ |title=Radiografía del narco: cárteles del Pacífico y Jalisco, dominan; Templarios y Zetas se repliegan |date=12 June 2016 |publisher=Animal Político|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302112619/http://www.animalpolitico.com/2016/07/asi-se-reparten-carteles-de-la-droga-en-mexico/|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es |last1=Angel |first1=Arturo}}</ref>
<ref name=":0">{{cite news |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/guzman-extradition-opens-door-cartel-063107163.html |title=Guzman extradition opens door to new cartel |date=20 January 2017 |publisher=[[Yahoo! Finance]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301093128/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/guzman-extradition-opens-door-cartel-063107163.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |last1=Thomet |first1=Laurent}}</ref>
<ref name=":1">{{cite news |last1=Gagne |first1=David |title=Who Runs Mexico's Jalisco Cartel and Los Cuinis? |url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/who-runs-mexico-jalisco-cartel |publisher=[[InSight Crime]] |date=9 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614192730/http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/who-runs-mexico-jalisco-cartel|archive-date=14 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="enlos90">{{cite news |last1=Becerra-Acosta |first1=Juan Pablo |last2=García Palafox |first2=Galia |title=En los 90 EU apresó al 'Mencho' y al 'Cuini' ... pero los dejó ir |url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/EU-apreso-Mencho-Cuini-PGR-libres-cartel-Cuinis-sistema-judicial-droga-muertes_0_510548976.html |work=[[Milenio]] |date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124257/http://www.milenio.com/policia/EU-apreso-Mencho-Cuini-PGR-libres-cartel-Cuinis-sistema-judicial-droga-muertes_0_510548976.html|archive-date=3 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="animalpolitico1">{{cite news |last1=Pérez |first1=Luis Alonso |title=La evolución del Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación: de la extinción al dominio global |url=http://www.animalpolitico.com/diez-de-guerra/expansion-cjng.html |publisher=Animal Político |date=29 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124645/http://www.animalpolitico.com/diez-de-guerra/expansion-cjng.html|archive-date=3 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name=":2">{{cite web |title=Treasury Sanctions Five Businesses Supporting Cartel De Jalisco Nueva Generacion |url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl0168.aspx |publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury]] |date=17 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151021035547/http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl0168.aspx|archive-date=21 October 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="universalamparos">{{cite news |last1=Lastiri |first1=Diana |title=Niega juez amparo a la hija de 'El Mencho' |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/nacion/seguridad/2016/12/30/niega-juez-amparo-la-hija-de-el-mencho |work=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |date=30 December 2016|archive-url=https://archive.today/20170428051308/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/nacion/seguridad/2016/12/30/niega-juez-amparo-la-hija-de-el-mencho|archive-date=28 April 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="hR4kx">{{cite web |title=CJNG & Los Cuinis: Drug Trafficking Organizations |url=https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/04082015_cjng_los_cuinis_chart.pdf |publisher=[[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] |date=April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301015554/https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/04082015_cjng_los_cuinis_chart.pdf|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="w6Fvh">{{cite news |url=http://2006-2012.semar.gob.mx/sala-prensa/prensa-2012/2233-comunicado-168-2012.html |title=La Armada de México Asegura A Presuntos Integrantes Del Cártel de Jalisco Nueva Generación |date=27 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301010133/http://2006-2012.semar.gob.mx/sala-prensa/prensa-2012/2233-comunicado-168-2012.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |publisher=[[Mexican Navy]] |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="jgfyn">{{cite news |title=Los Oseguera, líderes del cártel de Jalisco |url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/El_Menchito-El_Mencho-El_Junio-cartel_Jalisco_Nueva_Generacion_0_236376587.html |work=[[Milenio]] |date=1 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180609/http://www.milenio.com/policia/El_Menchito-El_Mencho-El_Junio-cartel_Jalisco_Nueva_Generacion_0_236376587.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="z33ie">{{cite news |title=De Menchito no tenía nada, conoce al mando del CJNG |url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/07/02/1032413 |work=[[Excélsior]] |date=2 July 2015 |location=Mexico City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150704143647/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/07/02/1032413|archive-date=4 July 2015|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="joH5l">{{cite news |url=http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nacional/2015/06/16/hermanos-del-mencho-oseguera-viven-fuera-de-mexico |title=Hermanos del 'Mencho' Oseguera viven fuera de México |date=16 June 2015 |publisher=SPD Noticias |language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301005644/http://www.sdpnoticias.com/nacional/2015/06/16/hermanos-del-mencho-oseguera-viven-fuera-de-mexico|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="g9p5f">{{cite news |title=Detención de Óscar Orlando Nava Valencia (a) 'EL LOBO', líder de la Organización delictiva 'LOS VALENCIA' |url=http://www.gob.mx/sedena/prensa/detencion-de-oscar-orlando-nava-valencia-a-el-lobo-lider-de-la-organizacion-delictiva-los-valencia |publisher=[[Mexican Army]] |date=30 October 2009 |location=Mexico City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320025341/http://www.gob.mx/sedena/prensa/detencion-de-oscar-orlando-nava-valencia-a-el-lobo-lider-de-la-organizacion-delictiva-los-valencia|archive-date=20 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="7FQ17">{{cite news |title=Capturan a líder del cártel de 'Los Valencia' |url=http://www.informador.com.mx/jalisco/2010/200303/6/capturan-a-lider-del-cartel-de-los-valencia.htm |publisher=[[El Informador (Mexico)|El Informador]] |date=10 May 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100514142318/http://www.informador.com.mx/jalisco/2010/200303/6/capturan-a-lider-del-cartel-de-los-valencia.htm|archive-date=14 May 2010|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="JYqeL">{{cite news |last1=de Mauleón |first1=Héctor |title=CJNG: La sombra que nadie vio |url=http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=25113 |publisher=[[Nexos|Revista Nexos]] |date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305001347/http://www.nexos.com.mx/?p=25113|archive-date=5 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="rb2im">{{cite news |title=Jalisco Cartel – New Generation (CJNG) |url=http://www.insightcrime.org/mexico-organized-crime-news/jalisco-cartel-new-generation |publisher=[[InSight Crime]] |date=6 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220045507/http://www.insightcrime.org/mexico-organized-crime-news/jalisco-cartel-new-generation|archive-date=20 February 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="fI3hQ">{{cite news |last1=Fregoso |first1=Juliana |title=El niño que cultivaba aguacates y llegó a arrebatarle parte del negocio a "El Chapo" Guzmán |url=http://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2017/03/19/el-nino-que-cultivaba-aguacates-y-llego-a-arrebatarle-parte-del-negocio-a-el-chapo-guzman/ |publisher=[[Infobae]] |date=19 March 2017 |location=Mexico City|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319132847/http://www.infobae.com/america/mexico/2017/03/19/el-nino-que-cultivaba-aguacates-y-llego-a-arrebatarle-parte-del-negocio-a-el-chapo-guzman/|archive-date=19 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="ldfxG">{{cite news |last1=Vicenteño |first1=David |title=Marina detiene a operador del cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación |url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/03/02/1011171 |work=[[Excélsior]] |date=2 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306203252/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/03/02/1011171|archive-date=6 March 2015|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="axbtZ">{{cite news |last1=Ramos |first1=Dulce |title=Procuraduría de Justicia de Jalisco turna a la PGR investigación de bloqueos |url=http://www.animalpolitico.com/2012/08/procuraduria-de-justicia-de-jalisco-turna-a-la-pgr-investigacion-de-bloqueos/ |publisher=Animal Político |date=27 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301092852/http://www.animalpolitico.com/2012/08/procuraduria-de-justicia-de-jalisco-turna-a-la-pgr-investigacion-de-bloqueos/|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="ja9UG">{{cite news |title=Los narcobloqueos en Jalisco, plan de distracción para que huyera El Mencho |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2012/08/29/politica/009n1pol |work=[[La Jornada]] |date=29 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301185425/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2012/08/29/politica/009n1pol|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="WVBvW">{{cite news |title=Detención de 'El Mencho' causó narcobloqueos; ofrecía PGR 19 MDP por su captura |url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/318103/detencion-de-el-mencho-causo-narcobloqueos-ofrecia-pgr-19-mdp-por-su-captura |work=[[Proceso (magazine)|Proceso]] |date=26 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180517/http://www.proceso.com.mx/318103/detencion-de-el-mencho-causo-narcobloqueos-ofrecia-pgr-19-mdp-por-su-captura|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="fOo0U">{{cite news |last1=Pachico |first1=Elyssa |title=Guadalajara Road Blockades Not Prompted by Cartel Leader Arrest: Police |url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/guadalajara-road-blockades-jalisco-cartel |publisher=[[InSight Crime]] |date=31 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150522144708/http://www.insightcrime.org/news-briefs/guadalajara-road-blockades-jalisco-cartel|archive-date=22 May 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="iRsBm">{{cite news |title=Confirman que 'El Mencho' escapó gracias a narcobloqueos |url=http://www.univision.com/noticias/narcotrafico/confirman-que-el-mencho-escapo-gracias-a-narcobloqueos |publisher=[[Univision]] |date=28 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301194653/http://www.univision.com/noticias/narcotrafico/confirman-que-el-mencho-escapo-gracias-a-narcobloqueos|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="kCwQn">{{cite news |url=http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/impreso/policias-objetivo-de-cartel-en-20-dias-matan-a-21-98485.html |title=Policias, objetivo de cartel; en 20 dias matan a 21 |date=8 April 2015 |work=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180539/http://archivo.eluniversal.com.mx/estados/2015/impreso/policias-objetivo-de-cartel-en-20-dias-matan-a-21-98485.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es |last1=Torres |first1=Raúl}}</ref>
<ref name="v2dyV">{{cite news |title=Jefe de célula del CJNG, una de las víctimas de enfrentamiento en Jalisco |url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/399272/jefe-de-celula-del-cjng-una-de-las-victimas-de-enfrentamiento-en-jalisco |work=[[Proceso (magazine)|Proceso]] |date=25 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301092847/http://www.proceso.com.mx/399272/jefe-de-celula-del-cjng-una-de-las-victimas-de-enfrentamiento-en-jalisco|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="Oufb5">{{cite news |last1=Gagne |first1=David |title=Bloody Attack on Police in Mexico Raises Jalisco Cartel's Profile |url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/bloody-attack-police-mexico-raises-jalisco-cartel-profile |publisher=[[InSight Crime]] |date=8 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330134446/http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/bloody-attack-police-mexico-raises-jalisco-cartel-profile|archive-date=30 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="MEXw0">{{cite news |last1=Zúñiga |first1=Andrés |title=Agresión contra Solorio Aréchiga fue por abatimiento de 'El Gringo' |url=http://archivo.unionjalisco.mx/articulo/2015/03/31/seguridad/guadalajara/agresion-contra-solorio-arechiga-fue-por-abatimiento-de-el |publisher=Unión Jalisco |date=31 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180650/http://archivo.unionjalisco.mx/articulo/2015/03/31/seguridad/guadalajara/agresion-contra-solorio-arechiga-fue-por-abatimiento-de-el|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="0ctjY">{{cite news |last1=Wilkinson |first1=Tracy |title=Assailants block Mexican police convoy, kill 15 officers in ambush |url=http://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-mexico-police-killed-20150407-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180449/http://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-mexico-police-killed-20150407-story.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="2CrXM">{{cite news |title=México: matan a 15 policías en una emboscada en Jalisco |url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2015/04/150407_ultnot_mexico_policias_mueren_emboscada_bd |publisher=[[BBC Mundo]] |date=6 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321223531/http://www.bbc.com/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2015/04/150407_ultnot_mexico_policias_mueren_emboscada_bd|archive-date=21 March 2016|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="BeI3d">{{cite news |last1=Tuckman |first1=Jo |title=Fifteen Mexican police officers killed in deadly ambush in Jalisco state |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/07/mexico-police-attack-jalisco-15-dead |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301093403/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/07/mexico-police-attack-jalisco-15-dead|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="13X9A">{{cite news |title=Confirman asesinato de director de policía de Zacoalco de Torres |url=http://www.informador.com.mx/jalisco/2015/585397/6/confirman-asesinato-de-director-de-policia-de-zacoalco-de-torres.htm |work=[[El Informador (Mexico)|El Informador]] |date=7 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180444/http://www.informador.com.mx/jalisco/2015/585397/6/confirman-asesinato-de-director-de-policia-de-zacoalco-de-torres.htm|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="GcbBc">{{cite news |url=http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2015/05/01/autoridades-federales-implementan-operacion-jalisco |title=Autoridades Federales implementan 'Operación Jalisco' |date=1 May 2015 |work=[[El Economista (Mexico)|El Economista]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302112341/http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2015/05/01/autoridades-federales-implementan-operacion-jalisco|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=dead |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="TAHVi">{{cite news |title=El narco demuestra su poderío: derriba un helicóptero, 39 bloqueos, 7 muertos… |url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/403014/el-narco-demuestra-su-poderio-derriba-un-helicoptero-39-bloqueos-7-muertos |work=[[Proceso (magazine)|Proceso]] |date=1 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302113305/http://www.proceso.com.mx/403014/el-narco-demuestra-su-poderio-derriba-un-helicoptero-39-bloqueos-7-muertos|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="7FDqe">{{cite news |title=Suman nueve muertos por derribo de helicóptero en Jalisco |url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/403876/suman-nueve-muertos-por-derribo-de-helicoptero-en-jalisco |work=[[Proceso (magazine)|Proceso]] |date=10 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303045342/http://www.proceso.com.mx/403876/suman-nueve-muertos-por-derribo-de-helicoptero-en-jalisco|archive-date=3 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="3Ysi8">{{cite news |title=Tras caída de helicóptero escapó 'El Mencho', por quinta vez |url=http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-05-08_c3d235a5/tras-caida-de-helicoptero-escapo-el-mencho-por-quinta-vez/ |publisher=El Diario de Juárez |date=8 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303050339/http://diario.mx/Nacional/2015-05-08_c3d235a5/tras-caida-de-helicoptero-escapo-el-mencho-por-quinta-vez/|archive-date=3 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="leyvD">{{cite news |last1=Tucker |first1=Duncan |title=Seven killed and a military helicopter shot down amid wave of violence in Mexico |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/seven-killed-and-a-military-helicopter-shot-down-amid-wave-of-violence-in-mexico-10221686.html |work=[[The Independent]] |date=2 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302115928/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/seven-killed-and-a-military-helicopter-shot-down-amid-wave-of-violence-in-mexico-10221686.html|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="oMtrD">{{cite news |title=Mexico's Jalisco Cartel – New Generation: From Extinction to World Domination |url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/mexico-cartel-jalisco-new-generation-extinction-world-domination |publisher=[[InSight Crime]] |date=26 December 2016| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313233358/http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/mexico-cartel-jalisco-new-generation-extinction-world-domination| archive-date=13 March 2017| url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="6j150">{{cite web |last1=McCarthy-Jones |first1=Dr. Anthea |last2=Giggacher |first2=James |title=Mexican Drug Cartels and Dark‑Networks: An Emerging Threat to Australia's National Security |url=http://sdsc.bellschool.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/2016-05/mexican_drug_cartels_and_dark-networks_an_emerging_threat_to_australias_national_security.pdf |publisher=[[Strategic and Defence Studies Centre]] |page=3 |date=April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303200940/http://sdsc.bellschool.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/publications/attachments/2016-05/mexican_drug_cartels_and_dark-networks_an_emerging_threat_to_australias_national_security.pdf|archive-date=3 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="j2CDA">{{cite web |title=Procuraduría General de la República: Acuerdo A/ 102 /11 |url=http://www.pgr.gob.mx/Normatec/Documentos/a-102-2011.pdf |publisher=[[Attorney General of Mexico|Office of the General Prosecutor]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180218/http://www.pgr.gob.mx/Normatec/Documentos/a-102-2011.pdf|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=dead |language=es |date=27 September 2011|access-date=28 February 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="UkKxZ">{{cite web |title=Recompensas: Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes |url=http://www.recompensas.gob.mx/RecDetalle.asp?nInd=321 |publisher=[[Attorney General of Mexico|Office of the General Prosecutor]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301010000/http://www.recompensas.gob.mx/RecDetalle.asp?nInd=321|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=dead |language=es |year=2011|access-date=28 February 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="irvLL">{{Cite web |url=https://mx.usembassy.gov/treasury-further-targets-the-business-network-of-the-los-cuinis-drug-trafficking-organization/ |title=Treasury Further Targets The Business Network of the Los Cuinis Drug Trafficking Organization |date=4 April 2016 |publisher=[[Embassy of the United States, Mexico City]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303130741/https://mx.usembassy.gov/treasury-further-targets-the-business-network-of-the-los-cuinis-drug-trafficking-organization/|archive-date=3 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="OTsmt">{{cite news |last1=Goldbarg |first1=Andrea |title=United States of America v. Abigael Gonzalez Valencia and Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/310394113/Abigael-Gonzalez-Valencia-Indictment |publisher=[[United States District Court for the District of Columbia]] |year=2014 |pages=1–3|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170302193655/https://www.scribd.com/document/310394113/Abigael-Gonzalez-Valencia-Indictment|archive-date=2 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="PqozT">{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/mexico-youtube-star-juan-luis-lagunas-rosales-found-dead-el-mencho-nemesio-ocegera-cervantes-sinaloa-a8122526.html |title=Mexican YouTube star, 17, found dead after insulting notorious cartel boss |last=Schmidt |first=Samantha |date=21 December 2017 |work=[[The Independent]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103528/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/mexico-youtube-star-juan-luis-lagunas-rosales-found-dead-el-mencho-nemesio-ocegera-cervantes-sinaloa-a8122526.html|archive-date=16 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="0H6gu">{{Cite web |url=https://www.gob.mx/pgr/prensa/comunicado-873-18-ofrece-pgr-recompensa-de-30-millones-de-pesos-por-informacion-que-conduzca-a-la-detencion-de-ruben-oseguera-cervantes?hootPostID=04f13755574a699cdb3a39c541f093ef |title=Ofrece PGR recompensa de 30 millones de pesos por información que conduzca a la detención de Rubén Oseguera Cervantes |date=15 August 2018 |publisher=Procuraduría General de la República |language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816212440/https://www.gob.mx/pgr/prensa/comunicado-873-18-ofrece-pgr-recompensa-de-30-millones-de-pesos-por-informacion-que-conduzca-a-la-detencion-de-ruben-oseguera-cervantes?hootPostID=04f13755574a699cdb3a39c541f093ef|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="VkD8m">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/15/mexico-bounty-raised-over-1m-on-drug-cartel-kingpin-el-mencho |title=Mexico: bounty raised over $1m on drug cartel kingpin 'El Mencho' |last=Agren |first=David |date=15 August 2018 |work=[[The Guardian]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816005740/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/15/mexico-bounty-raised-over-1m-on-drug-cartel-kingpin-el-mencho|archive-date=16 August 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="DjULo">{{Cite news |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/seguridad/pgr-sube-30-millones-recompensa-por-la-cabeza-de-el-mencho |title=PGR sube a $30 millones recompensa por la cabeza de 'El Mencho' |last=Espino Bucio |first=Manuel |date=15 August 2018 |work=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |language=es |access-date=17 August 2018 |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923063709/https://www.eluniversal.com.mx/nacion/seguridad/pgr-sube-30-millones-recompensa-por-la-cabeza-de-el-mencho |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref name="xgPe6">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/10/16/world/americas/16reuters-usa-justice-drugs.html |title=U.S. Offers $10 Million for Information Leading to Mexican Drug Lord's Arrest |date=16 October 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017123614/https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/10/16/world/americas/16reuters-usa-justice-drugs.html|archive-date=17 October 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>
<ref name="D3smN">{{Cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-treasury-and-state-departments-announce-coordinated-enforcement-efforts-against |title=Justice, Treasury, and State Departments Announce Coordinated Enforcement Efforts Against Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generacion |date=16 October 2018 |publisher=[[United States Department of Justice]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20181017014556/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/justice-treasury-and-state-departments-announce-coordinated-enforcement-efforts-against|archive-date=17 October 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="gaYtX">{{cite web |title=Treasury Sanctions Two Major Mexican Drug Organizations and Two of Their Leaders |url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl10020.aspx |publisher=[[United States Department of Treasury]] |date=8 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301015558/https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl10020.aspx|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="xGBPJ">{{cite web |title=CJNG and Los Cuinis: Drug Trafficking Organizations |url=https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/20150917_cjng_entities.pdf |publisher=[[Office of Foreign Assets Control]] |date=September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403155544/https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/Programs/Documents/20150917_cjng_entities.pdf|archive-date=3 April 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="9GVIt">{{cite web |url=https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl0596.aspx |title=Treasury Sanctions Individuals Supporting Powerful Mexico-Based Drug Cartels |date=27 October 2016 |publisher=[[United States Department of the Treasury]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180544/https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/jl0596.aspx|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>
<ref name="df3mc">{{cite news |title=El clan de 'El Mencho' ubicado en EU |url=http://www.debate.com.mx/mundo/El-clan-de-El-Mencho-ubicado-en-EU--20150616-0199.html |publisher=El Debate de Sinaloa |date=16 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301180937/http://www.debate.com.mx/mundo/El-clan-de-El-Mencho-ubicado-en-EU--20150616-0199.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="hTRsk">{{cite news |last1=Flores Martínez |first1=Raúl |title=Capturan al hermano del 'Mencho' en Jalisco |url=http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/12/05/1061522 |work=[[Excélsior]] |date=5 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212091033/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/nacional/2015/12/05/1061522|archive-date=12 December 2015|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="81YQI">{{cite news |last1=Huerta |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Cae el hermano de 'El Mencho' en Jalisco |url=http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/cae-el-hermano-de-el-mencho-en-jalisco.html |work=[[El Financiero]] |date=4 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182157/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/nacional/cae-el-hermano-de-el-mencho-en-jalisco.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="jYnQ8">{{cite news |title=¿Quién es el Mencho? |url=http://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/Quien-es-el-Mencho-20150504-0052.html |publisher=El Debate de Sinaloa |date=4 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182322/http://www.debate.com.mx/mexico/Quien-es-el-Mencho-20150504-0052.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="EzMjR">{{cite news |last1=Madrid |first1=Lemic |title=Reaprehenden al yerno de 'El Mencho' en Jalisco |url=http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/seguridad/248033/reaprehenden-al-yerno-de-el-mencho-en-jalisco |publisher=[[TV Azteca]] |date=6 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182559/http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/seguridad/248033/reaprehenden-al-yerno-de-el-mencho-en-jalisco|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="flLDF">{{cite news |last1=Mosso |first1=Rubén |title=Detienen a yerno de 'El Mencho' |url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/captura_yerno_Mencho-detencion_Julio_Alberto_Rodriguez_Castillo_0_714528879.html |work=[[Milenio]] |date=6 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182649/http://www.milenio.com/policia/captura_yerno_Mencho-detencion_Julio_Alberto_Rodriguez_Castillo_0_714528879.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="fU6B2">{{cite news |last1=Mosso |first1=Rubén |title=A 'El Menchito' lo agarraron porque 'no le avisaron a tiempo' |url=http://www.milenio.com/policia/no_les_avisaron_a_tiempo-conversaciones_interceptadas-caso_Menchito_0_550145014.html |work=[[Milenio]] |date=7 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301182151/http://www.milenio.com/policia/no_les_avisaron_a_tiempo-conversaciones_interceptadas-caso_Menchito_0_550145014.html|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="3nW2n">{{cite news |last1=Huerta Vázquez |first1=Juan Carlos |title='El Menchito', un desafío para la PGR |url=http://www.proceso.com.mx/426277/el-menchito-un-desafio-para-la-pgr |work=[[Proceso (magazine)|Proceso]] |date=15 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301181019/http://www.proceso.com.mx/426277/el-menchito-un-desafio-para-la-pgr|archive-date=1 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="7gleS">{{cite news |url=http://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=567255&md5=50002ddad6da088a9539af8c29e1c925&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe |title=Ubican en EU a clan de 'Mencho' |date=16 July 2015 |publisher=[[Reforma (newspaper)|Reforma]] |language=es|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301042308/http://www.reforma.com/aplicacioneslibre/articulo/default.aspx?id=567255&md5=50002ddad6da088a9539af8c29e1c925&ta=0dfdbac11765226904c16cb9ad1b2efe|archive-date=1 March 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="RF4Vr">{{cite news |title=La reestructura del CJNG |url=http://zetatijuana.com/2015/12/26/la-reestructura-del-cjng/ |work=[[Zeta (magazine)|Zeta]] |date=26 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303045641/http://zetatijuana.com/2015/12/26/la-reestructura-del-cjng/|archive-date=3 March 2017|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |url=https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/08/17/politica/014n1pol |title=La guarida de El Mencho, en los límites de Jalisco y Michoacán |last=García |first=Dennis A. |date=17 August 2018 |work=[[La Jornada]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817135413/https://www.jornada.com.mx/2018/08/17/politica/014n1pol|archive-date=17 August 2018|url-status=live |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="derrotamilitar">{{Cite news |url=http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/opinion/la-derrota-militar-en-jalisco.html |title=La derrota militar en Jalisco |last=Riva Palacios |first=Raymundo |date=8 May 2015 |work=El Financiero|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801222613/http://www.elfinanciero.com.mx/opinion/la-derrota-militar-en-jalisco.html|archive-date=1 August 2015 |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="eohj4">{{Cite news |url=http://www.unionjalisco.mx/articulo/2018/06/05/seguridad/donde-se-esconde-el-mencho |title=¿Dónde se esconde 'El Mencho'? |date=5 June 2018 |work=Unión Jalisco|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181102004017/http://www.unionjalisco.mx/articulo/2018/06/05/seguridad/donde-se-esconde-el-mencho|archive-date=2 November 2018|url-status=live |publisher=[[El Universal (Mexico City)|El Universal]] |language=es}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Nemesio Oseguera Cervantes}}
*[https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/inl/narc/rewards Narcotics Rewards Program] – [[United States Department of State]]
*[https://www.dea.gov/fugitives/nemesio-oseguera-cervantes Most Wanted Fugitive:  Nemesio Oseguera-Cervantes] – [[Drug Enforcement Administration]]
{{Mexican Drug War}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Oseguera Cervantes, Nemesio}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1966 births]]
[[Category:1964 births]] <!--Alternative date of birth, please go to talkpage before removing. -->
[[Category:Jalisco New Generation Cartel]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by Mexico]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted by the United States]]
[[Category:Fugitives wanted on organised crime charges]]
[[Category:Mexican drug traffickers]]
[[Category:Mexican crime bosses]]
[[Category:Mexican people convicted of money laundering]] <!--Laundering because of Kingpin Act, please go to talkpage before removing. -->
[[Category:People deported from the United States]]
[[Category:People from Jalisco]]
[[Category:People from Michoacán]]
[[Category:People of the Mexican Drug War]]
[[Category:People sanctioned under the Foreign Narcotics Kingpin Designation Act]]