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{{for|rural settlement in Lviv Oblast, Ukraine|Nemyriv, Lviv Oblast}}
{{short description|City in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Nemyriv
| native_name        = Немирів
| native_name_lang   = uk
| other_name         = {{lang|pl|Niemirów}}
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities in Ukraine|City]]
| nickname           = Peace Island City
| image_skyline      = File:P1080846 Немирівський палац.jpg
| image_caption      = Scherbatova Palace
| image_shield       = Coats of arms of Nemyriv.svg
| image_flag         = Flag of Nemyriv.svg
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{UKR}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Oblasts of Ukraine|Oblast]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Vinnytsia Oblast]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Raions of Ukraine|Raion]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Vinnytsia Raion]]
| established_title  = First mentioned
| established_date   = 1506
| established_title1 = [[Magdeburg rights]]
| established_date1  = 1581
| established_title2 = City Status
| established_date2  = 28 August 1985
| pushpin_map        = Ukraine Vinnytsia Oblast#Ukraine
| pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Nemyriv
| pushpin_mapsize    =
| pushpin_relief     = 1
| coordinates        = {{coord|48|58|N|28|51|E|region:UA|display=inline,title}}
| area_magnitude     =
| area_total_km2     = 10.923
| area_land_km2      =
| area_water_km2     =
| population_as_of   = 2022
| population_footnotes = <ref name="ua2022estimate"/>
| population_total   = 11421
| population_density_km2 = auto
| leader_title       = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name        =
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 22800-22805
| area_code_type     = [[List of dialling codes in Ukraine|Area code]]
| area_code          = +380 4331
| website            = {{url|nemyriv-mrada.gov.ua}}
| subdivision_type3  = [[Hromada]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Nemyriv urban hromada]]
}}
'''Nemyriv''' ({{langx|uk|Немирів}}, {{IPA|uk|neˈmɪriu̯|ipa}}) is a historic city in [[Vinnytsia Oblast]] ([[Oblast|province]]) in [[Ukraine]], located in the historical region of [[Podolia]]. It was the [[Capital city|administrative center]] of former [[Nemyriv Raion]] ([[Raion|district]]). Population: {{Ua-pop-est2022|11,421|.}}
Nemyriv is one of the oldest cities in Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine. It was founded by Prince Nemyr in 1390.{{fact|date=February 2024}} It is a minor industrial center.
The distiller company that produces Ukrainian [[Nemiroff]] (Russian spelling) vodka is located in Nemyriv.
The town's tourist attractions include a late 19th-century [[palace]] (which belonged to the [[Potocki family|House of Potocki]]) and a park complex.
==History==
{{Quote box |width=25em |align=left |bgcolor=#ff9999
|title=Historical affiliations
|fontsize=85% |quote=<poem>{{flagicon image|Alex K Grundwald flags 1410-03.svg}} [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] 1506–1569
{{flagicon image|Chorągiew królewska króla Zygmunta III Wazy.svg}} [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] 1569–1672
{{flag|Ottoman Empire}} 1672–1699
{{flagicon image|Royal Banner of Stanisław II of Poland.svg}} [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] 1699–1793
{{flag|Russian Empire}} 1793–1917
{{flag|Ukraine}} ([[Ukrainian People's Republic]]) 1917-1920
{{flagicon image|Flag of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–1929).svg}} [[Soviet Ukraine]] 1920–1922
{{flag|Soviet Union}} 1922–1991
{{flag|Ukraine}} 1991–present</poem>
}}
[[File:Napoleon Orda. Nemyriv.jpg|thumb|left|Potocki Palace in Nemyriv in the 19th century]]
Nemyriv was built on the site of ancient [[Scythian]] settlement [[Myriv]], destroyed during the [[Mongol invasion of Rus']]. The settlement was re-established at the end of the 14th century and the first written mention of the city under its modern name in 1506.
Nemyriv ultimately derives from the [[Slavic name|Slavic]] [[given name]] [[Niemir]]. It was a [[private town]] of [[Crown of the Kingdom of Poland|Poland]], owned by the families of [[Zbaraski]] and [[Potocki]]. Polish King [[Stanisław August Poniatowski]] visited the Potocki Palace.
Notable events of [[Cossack]] wars took place in the town through 17th century and the city was captured by [[Andrii Abazyn]] between 1702 and 1704.<ref>[http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages\A\B\AbazynAndrii.htm Encyclopedia of Ukraine]</ref>
In 1737, an abortive congress was held in Nemyriv, aimed at the conclusion of peace between the emperors of [[Russia]], [[Austria-Hungary]], and [[Ottoman Turkey]], and bringing an end to the [[Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)|Russo-Turkish War of 1735–39]].
===Jewish history of the city===
Before [[World War II]], Nemyriv had a large [[History of the Jews in Ukraine|Jewish]] community. During the [[Khmelnytsky Uprising]] a massacre of Jews took place in Nemyriv. The town fell to the Cossacks on 10 June 1648, and the non-Jewish townspeople betrayed the Jews to the Cossacks.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Teller|first=Adam|title=Rescue the Surviving Souls: The Great Jewish Refugee Crisis of the Seventeenth Century|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2020|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=27, 29, 32}}</ref> The massacre was significant enough to Polish-Lithuanian Jewry that the [[Council of Four Lands]] marked the Jewish date of the massacre, 20 Sivan, as a day of remembrance for all the dead from the Khmelnytsky Uprising.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Teller|first=Adam|title=Rescue the Surviving Souls: The Great Jewish Refugee Crisis of the Seventeenth Century|publisher=Princeton University Press|year=2020|location=Princeton, NJ|pages=57}}</ref> The Hasidic Rabbi [[Jacob Joseph of Polonne]] was appointed as rabbi in Nemyriv after he left [[Rashkov]], during the 3rd quarter of the 18th century.<ref>Dresner, Samuel H. (Rabbi). ''The Zaddik: The Doctrine of the Zaddik according to the Writings of Rabbi Yaakov Yosef of Polnoy'', Shocken Books, 1974.{{ISBN|0-8052-0437-7}} p. 50 (mention of his stay in Nemirov).</ref><ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/298968/Jacob-Joseph-of-Polonnoye Encyclopædia Britannica]</ref> By the 19th century it had become one of the centers of [[Breslov (Hasidic dynasty)|Breslov Hasidism]], being the birthplace and home of [[Nathan of Breslov]] ("Reb Noson"), the foremost disciple and scribe of [[rebbe]] [[Nachman of Breslov]]. After Nachman's death in 1810, Reb Noson moved to [[Bratslav]] to disseminate and publish his teachings from there. The city acted as a center of Jewish studies and linked with several Rabbi, such as [[Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller]] and [[Yechiel Michel ben Eliezer|Jehiel Michel ben Eliezer]].<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=N&artid=184 Jewish Encyclopedia.com]</ref> [[Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller]] once chief Rabbi of [[Vienna]] and [[Prague]] was the Chief Rabbi of Nemyriv from 1631 to 1634.
By September 1941, the German kept the Jews of the city prisoners in a [[ghetto]], where they were put to work, constructing the road from Nemyriv to [[Haisyn]]. On November 24, 1941, an [[Einsatzgruppen]] massacred 2,680 Jews in pits in the Polish cemetery. On June 26, 1942, the ghetto was liquidated. The Jews were driven into the [[synagogue]], where 200 to 300 young and strong men and women were selected and sent to a labor camp. The rest, perhaps as many as 500, were shot behind the Polish cemetery in pits that had been dug in advance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://yahadmap.org/#village/nemyriv-vinnytsia-ukraine.192|title = Yahad - in Unum}}</ref>
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Немирів костел 2012.jpg|St. Joseph Catholic Church
File:Парковий фасад Палацу княгині М.Щербатової в Немирові P1080902-1.jpg|Scherbatova Palace in Nemyriv
File:Комплекс Немирівської гімназії. Чоловічий корпус, Немирів вул. Луначарського,27.JPG|Nemyriv gymnasium
File:Електростанція та млин DSCF3277.JPG|Old mill
File:Миколаївський монастир P1090056.jpg|Nicholas monastery
</gallery>
==Notable people==
* [[Nathan of Breslov]], rabbi
* [[Nikolay Nekrasov]], poet
* [[Marko Vovchok]], writer
* [[Theodosius Dobzhansky]], geneticist
* [[Mordechai Namir]], Israeli politician
* [[Ida Rhodes]] (birth name Hadassah Itzkowitz) was born in a Jewish village between Nemyriv and [[Tulchyn]].
* [[Yosyf Semashko]], Uniate and Orthodox hierarch
* [[Liubov Hakkebush]], stage actress, teacher and translator.
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
* [http://www.yadvashem.org/untoldstories/database/index.asp?cid=764 The murder of the Jews of Nemyriv] during [[World War II]], at [[Yad Vashem]] website.
{{Vinnytsia Oblast}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Nemyriv| ]]
[[Category:Cities of district significance in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Cities in Vinnytsia Oblast]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Ukraine]]