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{{short description|Cuban-American writer (b. 1837, d. 1899)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2018}}{{Infobox author
|name         = Nestor Ponce de Leon
|birth_date   = {{birth date |1837|2|26}}
|death_date   = {{death date and age|1899|12|17|1837|02|26}}
|birth_name   = José Néstor Ponce de León y de la Guardia
|birth_place  = [[Matanzas]], Cuba
|death_place  = [[Habana]], Cuba
}}
'''Néstor Ponce de León''' (February 26, 1837 – December 17, 1899)<ref name=":0" /> was a Cuban author, editor, translator, publisher, and bookseller.
== Early and personal life ==
Nestor Ponce de León was born in [[Matanzas]], [[Cuba]] in 1837. Ponce de León graduated in 1858 in [[Jurisprudence]] on the Caribbean island. He married Antonia Carlota Bachiller y Govin, with whom he had five children: two sons, Néstor José Eusebio Ponce de León y Bachiller and Julio César Augusto Ponce de León y Bachiller, and three daughters, Maria Luisa Ponce de León y Bachiller, Carlota Rosabal Ponce de León y Bachiller, and Carlota Ponce de León y Bachiller.
In Cuba, Ponce de León contributed to and collaborated with numerous publications such as ''El Ateneo'', ''El Correro De La Tarde'', ''La Opinión y El Siglo'', and helped fund others as well, including ''Brisas de Cuba,'' ''Joyas del Parnaso Cubano,'' and ''Revista critica de Ciencias, Literatura y Artes.''<ref name=":1" /> These publications included revolutionary pamphlets in which Ponce de León defended the Yara Revolution, which resulted in the Cuban government issuing a warrant for his arrest. Ponce de León and his family fled to New York City in February 1869 and on January 21, 1875, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States of America.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />
== Life in exile in New York City ==
Ponce de León arrived in New York City on February 14, 1869. He became an important figure within that city's Cuban community. In New York, he initially established himself as a legal professional.  He was the connector between the generation of La Guerra Grande, also known as the [[Ten Years' War]], and the generation of [[José Martí]], which helped to organize the [[Cuban War of Independence]] that began in 1895. He also founded the Revolutionary Central Board of Cuban emigrants, which brought together many compatriots dedicated to organizing for Cuban independence, including Martí himself (1853–1895).<ref name=":1" /> Martí made numerous references to Ponce de León in his works. Ponce de León was secretary of Junta Cubana, pushing Cuban national agendas in politic spheres. He also served as a notary and ran an influential Spanish-language bookstore and publishing house which produced elegant editions of Cuban literature and also published several of his own works.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|title=La Comunidad de New York Siglo XIX|last=Lopez Mesa|first=Enrique|publisher=Centro de Estudios Martianos|year=2002|location=Cuba|pages=32–33}}</ref> Also while in New York, he wrote for many Cuban newspapers and magazines, as well as directed ''El Educador Popular.'' He also served as a president of La Sociedad Literaria Hispano-Americana and a Chief Editor of ''Cubano del Exilio''. As Chief Editor, Ponce de León published writings from various Latino authors like Luis Felipe Mantilla, [[Antonio Zambrana]], and Jose Ignacio Rodriguez.<ref name=":2" /> In 1876, he established a library which had the largest collection of Latin American literature in the City at the time with 1,738 titles. Ponce de Leon's exile in the United States lasted 30 years.<ref name=":1" />
Although Ponce de León had been sentenced to death in absentia by Spanish authorities in Cuba for his alleged war crimes, this sentence was never carried out. When Spain finally withdrew from Cuba after the U.S. intervention in 1898, Ponce de León was able to return to his homeland. Upon his return, he was named Director and Curator of the National Archives.<ref name=":1" /> He died on December 17, 1899, in [[Havana|Havana, Cuba]].<ref name=":0" />
== Publications ==
Ponce de Leon wrote about many topics, such as art and politics. One of his most notable works was the second edition of ''The Book of Blood'' published in 1873, where he wrote about the crimes Spaniards committed against Cuba and the search for Cuba's independence; the first edition was originally written by Jose Ignacio Rodriguez in 1871. Between 1871 and 1873, Ponce de Leon edited the magazine ''Museo de las Familias'' (Families Museum), which aimed at being both enjoyable and instructive for families.<ref name=":2" /> He also created ''Diccionario tecnologico ingles-espanol y espanol-ingles'' (''Technological Dictionary, English-Spanish and Spanish-English'') in 1893.<ref name=":1" /> This dictionary facilitated the translation of words in science, technology, and engineering from English to Spanish and vice versa. Also in that year, he published ''The Columbus Gallery: The Discoverer of the New World,'' a collection of representations of portraits, statues, monuments, medals, and paintings.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> He also wrote for ''La Revista Ilustrada de Nueva York (The New York Illustrated Magazine).'' In one of the articles of a column he wrote for the magazine, called "En mi biblioteca" ("In My Library"), he explicitly describes his personal library and talks about his friends and family who visited him.<ref name=":1" />
== Family ==
Néstor Ponce de Leon, on November 12, 1858, in [[Havana, Cuba]], married Antonia Ana Carlota Bachiller y Govín (born 1839), a daughter of [[Antonio Bachiller y Morales]] (1812–1889).
== Selected publications ==
{| class="wikitable collapsible sortable" border="0" cellpadding="1" style="color: black; background-color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 90%; width:100%"
! Year !! Title !! Printer !! Compiler(s) !! [[Google Books|Google]]<br />[[Google Books|Books]] !! [[HathiTrust]] !! [[Internet Archive|Internet]]<br />[[Internet Archive|Archive]] !! Other
|-
| width="6%" | 1872
| width="22%" | ''Guía de la Ciudad de Nueva York''<div style="margin-left:2em">Por [[Antonio Bachiller y Morales]] (1812–1889)<ref name="Pérez 2018" /></div>
| style="text-align:center" width="18%" data-sort-value="deleon 1872" | [[Néstor Ponce de Leon]]<br />(José Néstor Ponce de León y de la Guardia; 1937–1899)<br />(publisher)<br />Manuel María Zarzamendi (1830–1891) (printer)<ref name="Barrere-Agarwal 2018 Oct 14" /><ref name="Zarzamendi-bio" group=lower-alpha />
| style="text-align:center" width="18%" | [[Néstor Ponce de Leon]] (compiler)
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" |
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" | [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t6j10nf3w&view=1up&seq=11 HathiTrust]
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" | [https://archive.org/details/guiadelaciudadde01mabf/page/n9 Internet Archive]
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" | <!--other-->
|-
| width="6%" | 1893
| width="22%" | ''The Caravels of Columbus''
| style="text-align:center" width="18%" data-sort-value="deleon 1893" | [[Néstor Ponce de Leon]] (publisher)<br />Caulon Press (printer)
| style="text-align:center" width="18%" data-sort-value="deleon 1893" | [[Néstor Ponce de Leon]] (compiler)<br />Translation revised by Frank L. Pavey
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" | [https://books.google.com/books?id=221D5veUwZAC Google Books]
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" | <!--HathiTrust-->
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" | <!--Internet Archive-->
| style="text-align:center" width="9%" | <!--other-->
|}
== Notes and references ==
=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha|50em|refs=
<ref name="Zarzamendi-bio">Manuel María Zarzamendi (born around 1830 – died February 9, 1891 [[Córdoba, Veracruz]], [[México]]), was from [[La Victoria, Aragua|La Victoria]], Venezuela. He had been a typographer and journalist in Venezuela, then a printer and literary translator in New York, then printer publisher in Mexico. In [[Caracas]], he had been editor of the publication, ''El Noticioso General,'' published twice a week. In 1858, the [[Federal War]] in Venezuela broke out.  That same year, Zarzamendi became the first to introduce a [[Printing press#Industrial printing presses|steam powered printing press]] in Caracas. He immigrated to United States, arriving in New York City July 22, 1867. According to [[Jens Andermann]] [[:de:Jens Andermann|(de)]] and William Rowe in their 2006 book, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uvlQ6FipbMgC&pg=PA75 Images of Power: Iconography, Culture and the State in Latin America]'' (Note 10, p. 75; [[Berghahn Books]]; {{OCLC|70845266}}), his wife was, as an artist, "relatively successful in commercial terms with her '[[chromophotographic]] miniatures in oil.'"</ref>
}}
=== References ===
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.numismaticmall.com/numismaticmall-com/ponce-de-leon-y-la-guardia-nestor|title=Ponce de Léon y La Guardia, Néstor|website=numismaticmall.com}}</ref>
<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bvfe.es/component/mtree/autor/10453-ponce-de-leon-nestor.html|title=Ponce de Léon, Néstor (1837– 1899)|website=Biblioteca Virtual de la Filología Española Espanola}}</ref>
<ref name="Barrere-Agarwal 2018 Oct 14">[http://www.abc.com.py/edicion-impresa/suplementos/cultural/eusebio-perez-editor-del-viaje-nocturno-1749460.html "De Juan Crisóstomo Centurión,"] (in Spanish), by [[María Helena Barrera-Agarwal]] [[:es:María Helena Barrera|(es)]] (born 1971), ''[[ABC Color]]'' ([[Asunción, Paraguay]]), October 14, 2018 (retrieved June 10, 2019)</ref>
<ref name="Pérez 2018">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ocQ4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181&lpg=PA181&dq=%22guía%27s+de+la+ciudad+nueva+york Sugar, Cigars, and Revolution: The Making of Cuban New York],'' by Lisandro Oscar Pérez, PhD (born 1949), [[New York University Press]] (2018), p. 179</ref>
}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Ponce de Leon, Néstor}}
[[Category:1837 births]]
[[Category:1899 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century Cuban writers]]
[[Category:19th-century publishers (people)]]
[[Category:Cuban editors]]
[[Category:Cuban male writers]]
[[Category:Cuban translators]]
[[Category:19th-century translators]]
[[Category:English–Spanish translators]]
[[Category:Spanish–English translators]]
[[Category:People from Matanzas]]