View source for Neta Snook Southern

{{Short description|American pioneer aviator (1896–1991)}}
{{Infobox person
| name       = Neta Snook
| image      = Neta kinner field 1921 s.jpg
| imagesize  =
| caption    = Neta Snook in 1921 at [[Kinner Field, California]] (Image courtesy Karsten Smedal via [[Ames Historical Society]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=neta-snook |url=https://ameshistory.org/content/neta-snook |website=ameshistory.org |access-date=24 May 2022}}</ref>
| birth_date  = {{birth date|1896|2|14|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Mount Carroll, Illinois]], US
|birth_name   = Mary Anita Snook
| death_date  = {{death date and age|1991|3|23|1896|2|14|mf=y}}
| death_place = [[Los Gatos, California]], US<ref name="ahsalum/1991/issue2/page2">{{cite web |title=1991 spring summer newsletter volume 2 issue 2 Page 2 |url=https://www.ahsalum.org/newsletter/1991/issue2_ss/page2_1991_ss.html |website=Ames High School Alumni Association |publisher=Ames High School |access-date=24 May 2022 |location=Ames, Iowa}}</ref>
| occupation =  [[Aviator]]
| known_for  = [[Amelia Earhart]]'s first flying instructor
| title      =
| children   =
| spouse     = Bill Southern
| website    =
}}
'''Mary Anita "Neta" Snook Southern''' (February 14, 1896 – March 23, 1991) was a pioneer [[aviator]] who achieved a long list of firsts. She was the first woman aviator in Iowa, first woman student accepted at the Curtiss Flying School in Virginia, first woman [[aviator]] to run her own aviation business and first woman to run a commercial airfield.<ref name="Marshall p.22">Marshall 2007, p. 22.</ref> Yet "Snooky", as her friends called her,<ref name="Butler p. 96"/> was fated to be remembered for her relationship to [[Amelia Earhart]]. Her autobiography ''I Taught Amelia to Fly'' captures the essence of her fame and she is linked to Earhart, as her first instructor.
==Early life==
'''Mary Anita Snook''' was born on February 14, 1896, in [[Mount Carroll, Illinois]]. She was interested in machinery at an early age, spurred by a fascination with her father's automobiles. At the age of four, she would sit on her father's lap and help him steer his [[Stanley Steamer]] on the hills of their Illinois town. As she grew older, he taught her the inner workings of cars. Snook attended the Frances Shimer School, which later became [[Shimer College]], graduating in 1912.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/Shimer_College_Bulletin_1975-09 "Class Notes."] ''Shimer College Bulletin'', September 1975, p. 16. Retrieved: December 26, 2015.</ref>
After the family moved to [[Ames, Iowa]], in 1915, Snook attended Iowa State College (now [[Iowa State University]]), taking courses in mechanical drawing, engines and farm machinery repair. She became fascinated with literature related to aviation and soon wanted to fly.
==Flying==
During her sophomore year at college, Snook applied to the Atlantic Coast Aeronautical Station, the [[Curtiss-Wright Aviation School]], in [[Newport News, Virginia|Newport News]], [[Virginia]], and was denied admittance, as no women were allowed. {{#tag:ref|Her application came back stamped: "No females allowed."<ref name="Marshall, pp. 21–22"/>|group=Note}} The following year, an advertisement for the Davenport Flying School in Iowa brought her back home, where she became one of the first female student pilots. After a major crash in which the school's president was killed, the school closed and "Curly,"<ref name="historynet.com/neta-snook">{{cite web |last1=Marshall |first1=Patti |title=Neta Snook |url=https://www.historynet.com/neta-snook/ |website=HistoryNet |access-date=25 May 2022 |date=23 October 2018}}</ref> as she had been dubbed by fellow students, began searching for another flight training school. In 1917, Snook eventually gained entry into the [[Curtiss-Wright]] Aviation School and put in many hours in the air until civilian flights in the United States were banned for the duration of [[World War I]]. Briefly, in 1918, she worked for the [[Royal Flying Corps|British Air Ministry]] in [[Elmira, New York|Elmira]] as an expeditor putting her mechanical skills to good use, inspecting and testing aircraft parts and engines on their way to combat in Europe.
After purchasing a wrecked Canuck, a Canadian version of a [[Curtiss JN-4|Curtiss JN-4 Jenny]], Snook had it shipped back to Ames, Iowa, and spent two years rebuilding the aircraft in her parents' backyard. In 1920, Snook soloed in her rebuilt Canuck, flying from a nearby pasture and received her pilot's license and, shortly after, entry into the [[Aero Club of America]] and the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI). [[Barnstorming]] throughout the Midwest in her Canuck, she made a living furtively hauling sightseers and "passengers" although her licence did not allow it.  With the onset of a bitter Iowa winter, Snook decided to head out to California where she could fly year-round. She disassembled the Canuck for shipping and ended up in balmy Los Angeles.<ref>Goldstein and Dillon 1997, p. 32.</ref>
In 1920, Snook approached [[Bert Kinner]] for a job as an instructor in his newly constructed airport, [[Kinner Field]] in Los Angeles (which offered [[aerial advertising]] and flight instruction), bringing with her a background in mechanics which made her an invaluable assistance to Kinner. After a brief trial period, she became the first woman to run a commercial airfield.<ref name="Marshall, pp. 21–22">Marshall 2007, pp. 21–22.</ref>
==Amelia Earhart==
[[File:Neta amelia kinner airster s.jpg|thumb|left|L–R: Neta Snook, Earhart's [[Kinner Airster]] and [[Amelia Earhart]], {{circa|1921}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Viewing page 3 of 10 |url=https://transcription.si.edu/view/18704/NASM-NASM.XXXX.0424-M0000075-00060 |website=[[Smithsonian Digital Volunteers]] |publisher=transcription.si.edu |access-date=25 May 2022}}</ref><ref name="Snook-Airster-Earhart">{{cite web |title=Flight instructor Neta Snook with her student Amelia Earhart at Kinner Field, Los Angeles, in 1921. |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]] |url=https://www.historynet.com/lady-lindy-the-remarkable-life-of-amelia-earhart-july-97-aviation-history-feature/amelia-netta-960_640/ |via=[[HistoryNet]] |access-date=24 May 2022 |quote= uncropped, different histogram }}</ref>]]
<blockquote>"I’ll never forget the day she and her father came to the field. I liked her on sight."<ref name="gilderlehrman-WomenAviation">[http://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/docs_archive/docs_archive_WomenAviation.html History Resources: Amelia Earhart to her former flight instructor, Neta Snook, 1929] - [[Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History]]</ref></blockquote>
On January 3, 1921,<ref name="thehistorypress-earhart-snook">{{cite web |last1=Roussel |first1=Mike |title=Amelia Earhart and Neta Snook: Pioneering aviators |url=https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/amelia-earhart-and-neta-snook-pioneering-aviators/ |website=[[The History Press]] |access-date=24 May 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Amelia Earhart, along with her father, walked onto the airfield and asked Neta, "I want to fly. Will you teach me?".<ref name="Butler p. 96">Butler 1997, p. 96.</ref> The agreement struck between Amelia and her parents was that only a woman pilot would teach her to fly. "For $1 in [[Liberty bonds]] per minute in the air, Neta Snook taught Amelia Earhart to fly, but above that, they became friends."<ref name="Marshall"/> The first five hours in the air were paid for by Earhart but the next 15 were entirely unpaid as Snook took her new pilot up in the [[Kinner Airster]] that Amelia had purchased.<ref>Butler 1997, p. 97.</ref>
At first, her pupil was not the best flyer. Earhart stalled the Airster while trying to clear a grove of eucalyptus trees on takeoff. Snook thought to herself, "Perhaps I had misjudged her abilities".<ref name="Marshall p.22"/> However, their friendship held sway and that crash was soon forgotten. They flew together for over a year. Snook became close with the entire Earhart family, and often spent time at the family home.<ref>Butler 1997, pp. 97–98.</ref>
==Later years==
[[File:Neta Snook and Mr- Pratt in 1922 in Long Beach, California- Pratt is my great grandfather who was good friends with Miss Snook 2014-07-10 10-33.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Snook and Pratt, [[Long Beach, California]], 1922]]
Neta Snook became the first woman to enter a men's air race at the Los Angeles Speedway in February 1921, finishing fifth and telling the media, "I'm going to fly as cleverly, as audaciously, as thrillingly as any man aviator in the world."<ref name="Marshall p.22"/> After Earhart disappeared during her [[Amelia Earhart#World flight in 1937|famous flight in 1937]], Snook began lecturing and speaking about her career in aviation and, later, wrote her autobiography, ''I Taught Amelia To Fly''. In 1977, Neta flew for the first time in decades, when she was invited to pilot a replica of [[Charles Lindbergh]]'s ''[[Spirit of St. Louis]]''. In 1981, she was acknowledged as the oldest woman pilot in the United States. One year after her death, Neta Snook Southern was inducted into the [[Iowa Aviation Hall of Fame]].
== Personal life ==
At the age of 25, Snook married William Southern in 1922,<ref name="gilderlehrman-WomenAviation" /> became pregnant and gave up flying, selling her business. Not much was heard about Neta Snook Southern in the years following her retirement.{{#tag:ref|Throughout her life, Neta was most commonly addressed as "Neta Snook" or "Snooky".<ref name="Marshall, pp. 21–22"/>|group=Note}} Snook died at age 95 on March 23, 1991, at her adobe home, built by Neta and William<ref name="newspaperarchive/daily-globe-jul-20-1976--p10">{{cite news |date=20 July 1976 |title=page 10 |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/atchison-daily-globe-jul-20-1976-p-10/ |access-date=24 May 2022 |work=[[Atchison Daily Globe]] |publisher= |location=[[Atchison, Kansas]] |language=en |quote=via [[NewspaperArchive.com]]  Student and teacher became good friends, good enough to discuss a certain Bill Southern. Amelia warned Neta has the nesting instinct. Are you ready to give up your career? Because you will. He is the kind who will insist on being just as Amelia had foretold Neta Snook sold her plane in 1922 and married Bill Southern. When she learned she was to have a child she promised herself "if this baby is born healthy I will give up flying", it was and she did. Neta still lives in the beautiful Adobe home she and Bill Southern built by themselves in Los Gatos Calif. Here she receives visitors who are curious about the old days of aviation and until recently filled many speaking engagements.}}</ref> in [[Los Gatos, California]].<ref name="ahsalum/1991/issue2/page2"/><ref name="newspaperarchive-ocReg-1991-mar-25--p127">{{cite news |date=25 March 1991 |title=page 127 |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/santa-ana-orange-county-register-mar-25-1991-p-127/ |access-date=24 May 2022 |work=Orange County Register |location=Santa Ana |language=en |quote=via [[NewspaperArchive.com]] Aviator Neta Southern 95 taught Amelia Earhart to fly ... a Pioneer Pilot Neta Snook Southern 95, who included such famous aviation figures as Amelia Earhart, Donald Douglas and Glenn Curtiss among her friends died Saturday at her Los Gatos home. Mrs. Southern, a famed As the woman who taught Earhart to fly but worthy of a page in history in her own rights, was hospitalized in June with a heart problem and had been in poor health. "As far as I know she was the oldest living lady Pilot" said her son Curtiss Southern. Born in Mount Carroll IL, Neta Snook moved with her family to Ames Iowa. She enrolled in a flying school in which the students built their plane. Each got a little time in the air before the plane crashed said her son named for air plane builder Glenn Curtiss. In 1917, Glenn Curtiss was running an aviation school in Newport News VA. Mrs. Southern determined to fly, dropped out of Iowa state University and enrolled in the school.}}</ref>
Neta had a son, William Curtiss Southern (12 November 1922, Iowa - 17 March 1997, Amador County, California),<ref>{{cite web |title=William Southern, died 3/17/1997 |url=http://californiadeathindex.org/deaths/9330953 |website=CaliforniaDeathIndex.org}}</ref><ref name="newspaperarchive-ocReg-1991-mar-25--p127"/> who had a wife Nadine.<ref name="allpar-earhart-snook">{{cite web |last1=Benjaminson |first1=Jim |title=Amelia Earhart and Neta Snook, early women pilots with a Chrysler legacy |url=https://www.allpar.com/threads/amelia-earhart-and-neta-snook-early-women-pilots-with-a-chrysler-legacy.228129/ |website=Allpar |publisher=VerticalScope Inc. |access-date=24 May 2022 |location=Toronto, Ontario |quote=via the Plymouth Bulletin}}</ref> Neta was survived by a sister, two grandchildren, nine great-grandchildren and a great-great grandchild.<ref name="nytimes/1991/03/27/obit/neta">{{cite news |title=Neta Snook Southern; Aviator, 95 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/27/obituaries/neta-snook-southern-aviator-95.html |access-date=24 May 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=27 March 1991 |quote=March 27, 1991, Section D, Page 23}}</ref>
==Legacy==
In 1917, "few women took to the clouds during that time, but the ones who did became famous for their courage and contributions to mankind's experience of flight."<ref name="Marshall">Marshall, Patti. "Woman who touched the skies also touched Shawnee."  ''The Shawnee News-Star''. 12 June 2002.</ref>
==Further reading==
* [https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/13181/dot_13181_DS1.pdf Women in Transportation: Changing America's History] - [[Bureau of Transportation Statistics]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/snook.htm  Neta Snook  1] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/snook2.htm  Neta Snook  2] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/snook3.htm  Neta Snook  3] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/snook4.htm  Neta Snook  4] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/snook5.htm  Neta Snook  5] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/snook6.htm  Neta Snook  6] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/v_snook.htm  Vivian Snook  1] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/v_snook2.htm  Vivian Snook  2] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/v_snook3.htm  Vivian Snook  3] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/wm_snook.htm  William Floyd Snook 1] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070613025157fw_/http://www.ameshistoricalsociety.org/exhibits/wm_snook2.htm  William Floyd Snook  2] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
* [https://ameshistory.org/content/neta-snook Neta Snook] - [[Ames Historical Society]]
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist|group=Note}}
===Citations===
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* [[Susan Butler (American writer)|Butler, Susan]]. ''East to the Dawn: The Life of Amelia Earhart''. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley, 1997. {{ISBN|0-306-80887-0}}.
* Goldstein, Donald M. and Katherine V. Dillon. ''Amelia: The Centennial Biography of an Aviation Pioneer''. Washington, D.C.: Brassey's, 1997. {{ISBN|1-57488-134-5}}.
* Marshall, Patti. "Neta Snook" ''Aviation History'' Vol. 17, no. 3. January 2007.
* Southern, Neta Snook. '', [[I Taught Amelia to Fly]]''. New York: Vantage Press, 1974. {{ISBN|0-533-01161-2}}.
{{Refend}}
==External links==
* [https://transcription.si.edu/project/18704 SNOOK, NETA]  [[Smithsonian Digital Volunteers]]
* Southern, Neta Snook (1896-1991) [https://www.gilderlehrman.org/collection/glc07243002 Diary of Neta Snook (Southern)] - [[Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History]]
{{commons category|Neta Snook Southern}}
* Russell Naughton [http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/snook.html Mary Anita "Neta" Snook, (Southern) (1896-1991)] - [https://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/pioneers.html Aviation Pioneers] - [https://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/contact.html Centre for Telecommunications and Information Engineering] - [[Monash University]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Snook, Anita}}
[[Category:Aviators from Illinois]]
[[Category:People from Ames, Iowa]]
[[Category:American aviation pioneers]]
[[Category:Iowa State University alumni]]
[[Category:Shimer College alumni]]
[[Category:1896 births]]
[[Category:1991 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Mount Carroll, Illinois]]
[[Category:American women aviators]]
[[Category:20th-century American women]]
[[Category:Aviators from Iowa]]