View source for Nutrition facts label

{{Short description|Table of nutrition facts on food labels}}
[[File:US Nutritional Fact Label 2.svg|thumb|A sample nutrition facts label, with instructions from the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/PrintInformationMaterials/ucm114155.htm |title=Nutrition Facts Label Images for Download |publisher=Fda.gov |date=2011-09-23 |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2013-03-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130307165710/http://www.fda.gov/Food/LabelingNutrition/PrintInformationMaterials/ucm114155.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
[[File:Informasi Nilai Gizi.jpg|thumb|Nutrition facts placement for two Indonesian cartons of milk]]
The '''nutrition facts label''' (also known as the '''nutrition information panel''', and other slight variations{{Which|date=September 2024}}) is a label required on most [[convenience food|packaged food]] in many countries, showing what nutrients and other ingredients (to limit and get enough of) are in the food. Labels are usually based on official [[nutritional rating systems]]. Most countries also release overall [[List of nutrition guides|nutrition guides]] for general educational purposes. In some cases, the guides are based on different dietary targets for various nutrients than the labels on specific foods.
Nutrition facts labels are one of many types of [[food label]]s required by regulation or applied by manufacturers. They were first introduced in the U.S. in 1994,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The origins and evolution of Nutrition Facts labeling |url=https://www.fooddive.com/news/the-origins-and-evolution-of-nutrition-facts-labeling/507016/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=Food Dive |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612230611/https://www.fooddive.com/news/the-origins-and-evolution-of-nutrition-facts-labeling/507016/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and in the U.K. in 1996.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Rayner |first1=Mike |last2=Scarborough |first2=Peter |last3=Williams |first3=Carol |date=2004 |title=The origin of Guideline Daily Amounts and the Food Standards Agency's guidance on what counts as 'a lot' and 'a little' |journal=Public Health Nutrition |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=549–556 |doi=10.1079/PHN2003552 |issn=1368-9800 |pmid=15153261|s2cid=12280359 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
==Australia and New Zealand==
Australia and New Zealand use a nutritional information panel of the following format:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''NUTRITION INFORMATION'''
|-
|colspan="3"|
Servings per package: ''x''<br><!--
-->Serving size: ''y'' g
|-
!
!Quantity per Serving
!Quantity per 100 g
|-
| Energy ||0|| kJ (Cal)
|-
| Protein ||0|| g
|-
| Fat, total || 0 || g
|-
|   - saturated ||0|| g
|-
| Carbohydrate || g || g
|-
|   - sugars || g || g
|-
| Sodium || mg || mg
|}
Other items are included as appropriate, and the units may be varied as appropriate (e.g. substituting ml for g, or mmol for mg in the 'Sodium' row).<ref>Food Standards Australia and New Zealand Standard 1.2.8 {{cite web |url=http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/ACF2A90.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2009-01-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090514085734/http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/_srcfiles/ACF2A90.pdf |archive-date=2009-05-14 }}</ref> In April 2013 the New Zealand government introduced rules around common claims made on [[food packaging]], such as 'low in fat'.<ref>{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Greens-welcome-food-labelling-move/tabid/423/articleID/293423/Default.aspx| work= 3 News NZ| title= Greens welcome food labelling move| date= April 8, 2013| access-date= April 8, 2013| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202642/http://www.3news.co.nz/Greens-welcome-food-labelling-move/tabid/423/articleID/293423/Default.aspx| archive-date= October 29, 2013| url-status= dead}}</ref> In June 2019, the Food Regulation Standing Committee (FRSC) proposed pictorial approaches to convey the amount of sugars and/or added sugar in a serving of food.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Policy Paper: Labelling of sugars on packaged foods and drinks|url=https://foodregulation.gov.au/internet/fr/publishing.nsf/Content/C6995F10A56B5D56CA2581EE00177CA8/$File/FRSC-Policy-Paper-Labelling-of-sugars-on-packaged-foods-and-drinks-2019-06.pdf|url-status=live|access-date=2021-11-05|website=|doi=|archive-date=2022-02-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220215010516/https://foodregulation.gov.au/internet/fr/publishing.nsf/Content/C6995F10A56B5D56CA2581EE00177CA8/$File/FRSC-Policy-Paper-Labelling-of-sugars-on-packaged-foods-and-drinks-2019-06.pdf}}</ref> An experiment showed that sugar-teaspoon labelling reduced the intention to purchase sugar-sweetened beverages.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Vo|first1=Vinh|last2=Nguyen|first2=K.-H.|last3=Whitty|first3=J. A.|last4=Comans|first4=Tracy A.|date=2021-11-05|title=The Effect of Price Changes and Teaspoon Labelling on Intention to Purchase Sugar-Sweetened Beverages: A Discrete Choice Experiment|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s40258-021-00688-8|journal=Applied Health Economics and Health Policy|volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=199–212 |language=en|doi=10.1007/s40258-021-00688-8|pmid=34738192|s2cid=243386339|issn=1179-1896}}</ref>
==Canada==
{{See also|Canadian health claims for food}}
[[File:NutritionFactsValeurNutritive.jpg|thumb|A Canadian Nutrition Label displaying information in both English and French]]
In [[Canada]], a standardized "Nutrition Facts" label was introduced as part of regulations passed in 2003, and became mandatory for most prepackaged food products on December 12, 2005.  (Smaller businesses were given until December 12, 2007, to make the information available.)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/label-etiquet/nutrition/index_e.html |title=Nutrition Labelling - Food and Nutrition - Health Canada |publisher=Hc-sc.gc.ca |access-date=2013-01-26 |date=2004-07-26 |archive-date=2008-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080531145025/http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/label-etiquet/nutrition/index_e.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In accordance with food packaging laws in the country, all information, including the nutrition label, must be written in both English and French, the country's two official languages.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/labelling/food-labelling-for-industry/bilingual/eng/1328121549968/1328121616816|title=Bilingual Labelling|first=Government of Canada, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Food Labelling and Claims|last=Directorate|website=inspection.gc.ca|date=2015-04-14|access-date=2016-08-09|archive-date=2016-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808063428/http://www.inspection.gc.ca/food/labelling/food-labelling-for-industry/bilingual/eng/1328121549968/1328121616816|url-status=dead}}</ref> The province of [[Quebec|Québec]] has specific requirements in regards to bilingual packaging, most notably being that the French language must be the prominent language on product labels.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Labelling of your products in Canada, and particularly Quebec: don't forget to translate!|url=https://www.lavery.ca/en/publications/our-publications/1790-labelling-of-your-products-in-canada-and-particularly-quebec-don-t-forget-to-translate-.html|access-date=2020-07-02|website=Lavery|date=May 2014 |language=en|archive-date=2020-07-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702215643/https://www.lavery.ca/en/publications/our-publications/1790-labelling-of-your-products-in-canada-and-particularly-quebec-don-t-forget-to-translate-.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
Canadian regulation tightly controls the manner in which the nutrition fact table (NFT) data are laid out. There is a variety of possible formats for use on a given food package. A hierarchy is used to select among the formats (28 main formats, and 2–7 sub-formats for each). This results in standard (vertical) formats being considered for use before horizontal and linear formats. The selection hierarchy also allows the NFT to occupy no more than 15% of the physical package's available display area (ADS), but never to be smaller than a format that would be less than 15% of ADS. In practice, determining the ADS of a package, and selecting the appropriate NFT format, can be a detailed calculation.
==China==
[[File:China nutrition facts label.png|thumb|An example of a Chinese nutrition facts label]]
In 2011 the Chinese Ministry of Health released the National Food Safety Standard for Nutrition Labeling of Prepackaged Foods (GB 28050-2011). The core nutrients that must be on a label are: protein, fat, carbohydrate and sodium. Energy is noted in kJ. And all values must be per 100g/100ml.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/General%20Rules%20for%20Nutrition%20Labeling%20of%20Prepackaged%20Foods%20_Beijing_China%20-%20Peoples%20Republic%20of_1-9-2013.pdf | title=General Rules for Nutrition labeling of prepackaged foods | publisher=USDA Foreign Agriculture Service | access-date=2018-03-16 | archive-date=2017-02-01 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201113831/https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/General%20Rules%20for%20Nutrition%20Labeling%20of%20Prepackaged%20Foods%20_Beijing_China%20-%20Peoples%20Republic%20of_1-9-2013.pdf | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=GB28050>{{cite web | url=http://www.gsciq.gov.cn/www/ContentsDisp.asp?id=7715 | title=GB 28050-2011 (chinese) | publisher=www.gsciq.gov.cn | access-date=2018-03-16 | archive-date=2018-03-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180317035805/http://www.gsciq.gov.cn/www/ContentsDisp.asp?id=7715 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
The following types of food are exempt from labeling:<ref name=GB28050/>{{rp|at=§7}}
* Fresh food, such as prepackaged raw meat/fish/egg/vegetables and eggs
* Alcoholic drinks, specifically those with more than 0.5% ABV
* Food with small packages, defined as total package surface area ≤ 100 cm<sup>2</sup>, or largest-surface area ≤ 20 cm<sup>2</sup>
* Freshly made and sold food
* Packaged drinking water
* Prepackaged food with daily consumption ≤ 10 g or ≤ 10 mL
* Types of food exempt from labeling by other laws and regulations
** For example, GB7718-2011 section 4.2 exempts non-consumer-oriented food products from labeling.
{{clear}}
==European Union and United Kingdom==
[[File:Nutrition-Information-UK-Label-Yoghurt.png|thumb|A UK nutrition information label, for low-fat [[yoghurt]]. A key difference from US labelling is that it always gives values for a set quantity (100 ml or - like here - 100 g), allowing easy comparison between products. Also, [[Dietary fiber|fibre]] is not considered a type of [[carbohydrate]].]]
[[File:Nutri info naranjas eu.jpg|thumb|A rare example of optional nutrition facts on a label for oranges (in the EU not mandatory for unprocessed fruits)]]
{{further|Reference Intake|Dietary Reference Values|Nutri-score}}
The United Kingdom introduced [[Guideline Daily Amount|Guideline Daily Amounts]] in 1996.<ref name=":0" /> This system was adopted in the European Union and replicated other countries.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oY6YAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA920 |title=1001 Ideas That Changed the Way We Think |date=2013 |publisher=[[Atria Books]] |isbn=978-1476705729 |editor1-last=Arp |editor1-first=Robert |page=920 |access-date=15 February 2015}}</ref>
It was regulated by the Commission Directive 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 amending Council Directive 90/496/EEC on nutrition labelling for [[foodstuff]]s as regards recommended daily allowances, [[energy conversion factor]]s and definitions.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:285:0009:0012:EN:PDF |title=COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2008/100/EC of 28 October 2008 |publisher=EUR-Lex.europa.eu |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-date=2018-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928105722/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2008:285:0009:0012:EN:PDF |url-status=live }}</ref> A new regulation is now in force ([[Regulation 1169/2011]]).<ref name="Reg1169">{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2011:304:0018:0063:EN:PDF|title=REGULATION (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers|access-date=2014-11-28|archive-date=2017-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726215901/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2011%3A304%3A0018%3A0063%3AEN%3APDF|url-status=live}}</ref> Nutritional labelling becomes mandatory for most pre-packaged foods as from December 2016.
In the European Union, along the "old" rules (Directive 90/496, amended), the information (usually in panel format) is most often labelled "Nutrition Information" (or equivalent in other EU languages). An example is shown on the right. The panel is optional, but if provided, the prescribed content and format must be followed. It will always give values for a set quantity—{{convert|100|g|abbr=on}} or {{convert|100|ml|abbr=on}} of the product—and often also for a defined "serving", as an option. First will come the energy values, in both [[calorie|kilocalories]] and [[kilojoule]]s.
Then will come a breakdown of constituent elements: usually most or all of protein, carbohydrate, starch, sugar, fat, fibre and sodium. The "fat" figure is likely to be further broken down into [[saturated fat|saturated]] and unsaturated fat, while the "carbohydrate" figure is likely to give a subtotal for sugars. With the "new" rules, the mandatory information is: energy, fat, saturates, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt, in that particular order, with options to extend this list to: mono-unsaturates, polyunsaturates, polyols, starch, fibre, and vitamins and minerals.<ref name="Reg1169"/>
With regards to health claims and nutrition (composition) claims, these are harmonised in the EU through Regulation 1924/2006, amended.<ref name="Reg1924"/> In November 2012, the European Commission published two new regulations: Regulation (EC) No. 1047/2012 and Regulation (EC) No. 1048/2012.
Certain nutrition claim groups as of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006 had to be changed. Moreover, the health claims associated to barley beta-gluten were amended (e.g. lowering blood cholesterol).<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:310:0036:0037:EN:PDF Commission Regulation (EU) No 1047/2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027125017/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:310:0036:0037:EN:PDF |date=2013-10-27 }}, European Commission, 8 November 2012, Retrieved 7 April 2015</ref><ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:310:0038:0040:EN:PDF Commission Regulation (EU) No 1048/2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928104527/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2012:310:0038:0040:EN:PDF |date=2018-09-28 }}, European Commission, 8 November 2012, Retrieved 7 April 2015</ref>
Within Regulation 1924, there are legal definitions of terms such as "low fat", "high fibre", "reduced calories".<ref name="Reg1924">{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02006R1924-20121129&qid=1417169827044&from=EN|title=REGULATION (EC) No 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods|access-date=2014-11-28|archive-date=2018-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928122754/https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02006R1924-20121129&qid=1417169827044&from=EN|url-status=live}}</ref>
All health claims have been harmonized in the European Union. They can be used if they have been approved by [[EFSA]]. The list of approved and rejected claims is available on a web site.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/nuhclaims/|title=Nutrition and Health Claims - European Commission|first=DG|last=SANTE|website=ec.europa.eu|access-date=2014-11-28|archive-date=2014-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141116100329/http://ec.europa.eu/nuhclaims/|url-status=live}}</ref>
Provided the full nutrition information is shown on the packet, additional nutritional information and formats (e.g. a [[traffic light rating system]]) may be included and this falls outside the scope of regulation.
The United Kingdom regulations are given in Schedules 6 and 7 of the Food Labelling Regulations 1996.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{citation
|url=http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1499/contents/made
|publisher=The Stationery Office
|year=1996
|title=Food Labelling Regulations 1996, Schedule 7 - Nutrition Labelling
|access-date=2009-04-04
|archive-date=2013-09-21
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921164025/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1996/1499/contents/made
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
==Hong Kong==
In [[Hong Kong]] nutrition facts labels are regulated by the subsidiary legislation Food and Drugs (Composition and Labelling) (Amendment: Requirements for Nutrition Labelling and Nutrition Claim) Regulation 2008.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nutritionlabel.gov.hk/ |title=Hong Kong government |publisher=Nutritionlabel.gov.hk |access-date=2014-08-01 |archive-date=2014-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803030346/http://www.nutritionlabel.gov.hk/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==India==
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare had, on September 19, 2008, notified the [[Prevention of Food Adulteration]] (5th Amendment) Rules, 2008, mandating packaged food manufacturers to declare on their product labels nutritional information and a mark from the F.P.O or [[Agmark]] (Companies that are responsible for checking food products) to enable consumers to make informed choices while purchasing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/PFA%20Rule%20Relating%20to%20Nutritional%20Labeling%20of%20Packaged%20Food%20Implemented_New%20Delhi_India_4-3-2009.pdf |title=PFA Rule Relating to Nutritional Labeling of Packaged Food Implemented |publisher=USDA Foreign Agricultural Service |access-date=24 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201100457/https://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/PFA%20Rule%20Relating%20to%20Nutritional%20Labeling%20of%20Packaged%20Food%20Implemented_New%20Delhi_India_4-3-2009.pdf |archive-date=1 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Prior to this amendment, disclosure of nutritional information was largely [[voluntary compliance|voluntary]] though many large manufacturers tended to adopt the international practice.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freshplaza.com/news_detail.asp?id=32031 |title=India: Packaged foods must list nutritional facts |publisher=Freshplaza.com |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324154902/http://www.freshplaza.com/news_detail.asp?id=32031 |archive-date=2012-03-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
==Mexico==
Food products sold in [[Mexico]] use the NOM-051-SCFI-1994 "Información nutrimental" product labelling standard, very similar to "Nutrition Facts" in the US. The Official Mexican Standard, or NOM (''Norma Oficial Mexicana''), was developed by the Mexican Secretary of Commerce and Industrial Promotion (''Secretaría de Comercio y Fomento Industrial''), now a part of the Secretary of the Economy (SECOFI). It entered into effect on January 24, 1996,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cronos.cta.com.mx/cgi-bin/normas.sh/cgis/despresult.p?clave=NOM-051-SCFI-1994 |title=Secretaría de Economía - Normas |access-date=2007-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061114130102/http://cronos.cta.com.mx/cgi-bin/normas.sh/cgis/despresult.p?clave=NOM-051-SCFI-1994 |archive-date=2006-11-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and defines "General specifications for labelling foods and pre-bottled non-alcoholic beverages."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mexicolaws.com/scfi/NOM-051-SCFI-1994.htm |title=mexicolaws.com |publisher=mexicolaws.com |access-date=2013-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928060025/http://www.mexicolaws.com/scfi/NOM-051-SCFI-1994.htm |archive-date=2017-09-28 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
== Singapore ==
In 1998, the voluntary Healthier Choice Symbol system was created by the national [[Health Promotion Board]] (HPB) to allow consumer make informed food choices while shopping for groceries. This system was extended to food operators in 2003, allowing them to display the symbol next to the dishes meeting its criteria on the menu.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khalife |first=Gabrielle |date=2018-08-07 |title=Healthier Ingredient Development Scheme in Singapore |url=https://www.nycfoodpolicy.org/singapore-revs-war-diabetes/ |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=NYC Food Policy Center (Hunter College) |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301033845/https://www.nycfoodpolicy.org/singapore-revs-war-diabetes/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2020, HPB, along with its parent ministry, [[Ministry of Health (Singapore)|Ministry of Health]], introduced a new compulsory grading system, Nutri-Grade for pre-packaged drinks, supplanting the Healthier Choice Symbol to combat obesity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New nutrient summary labels for pre-packaged drinks to be rolled out |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/nutrient-summary-labels-pre-packaged-drinks-sugar-level-769681 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301034424/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/nutrient-summary-labels-pre-packaged-drinks-sugar-level-769681 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nutri-Grade system is based on the sugar and saturated fat content in beverages, and has four grading levels.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pre-packaged drinks must have new nutrition labels by end-2022, reflecting sugar and fat levels |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/prepackaged-soft-drinks-juices-beverages-sugar-saturated-fat-nutrition-grade-label-2407671 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301034957/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/prepackaged-soft-drinks-juices-beverages-sugar-saturated-fat-nutrition-grade-label-2407671 |url-status=live }}</ref> This was enforced in December 2022, and would be rolled out to freshly prepared beverages by end of 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CNA Explains: Why do some 'healthier' drinks have a poorer Nutri-Grade than soft drinks? |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/nutrigrade-healthy-drinks-grade-milk-soft-drinks-cna-explains-3301676 |access-date=2023-03-01 |website=CNA |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301033614/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/nutrigrade-healthy-drinks-grade-milk-soft-drinks-cna-explains-3301676 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==United States==
[[File:Proposed Nutrition Facts Label Changes (16597590667).jpg|alt=Margaret Hamburg speaks at White House about changes to Nutrition Facts labels|thumb|396x396px|FDA Commissioner Margret Hamburg speaks at a White House event regarding proposed updates to the FDA's Nutrition Facts labels for food packaging. Feb. 27, 2014]]
In the [[United States]], the Nutritional Facts label lists the Daily Value (%DV) or the percentage supplied in a serving (portion) or an entire package that is recommended to be met or not to exceed in the daily American diet. A footnote on the label states that the % Daily Value (DV) refers to the percent each nutrient "contributes to a daily diet" and that "2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice."
With certain exceptions, such as baby foods and infant formula, the following Daily Values are used.<ref>[[Code of Federal Regulations|CFR]] [http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=ebf41b28ca63f43546dd9b6bf3f20330&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:2.0.1.1.2&idno=21#21:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6 101.9(c)8(iv)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613064159/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=ebf41b28ca63f43546dd9b6bf3f20330&rgn=div5&view=text&node=21:2.0.1.1.2&idno=21#21:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6 |date=2011-06-13 }}</ref> These are called [[Reference Daily Intake]] (RDI) values and were originally based on the highest 1968 [[Recommended Dietary Allowance]]s (RDA) for each nutrient in order to assure that the needs of all age and sex combinations were met.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vitamin and Mineral Recommendations|url=http://www.crnusa.org/about_recs4.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031115637/http://www.crnusa.org/about_recs4.html|archive-date=31 October 2012}}</ref> These are older than the current RDA of the [[Dietary Reference Intake]]. For [[vitamin C]], [[vitamin D]], [[vitamin E]], [[vitamin K]], [[calcium]], [[phosphorus]], [[magnesium]], and [[manganese]], the current highest RDAs are up to 50% higher than the older Daily Values used in labeling, whereas for other nutrients the recommended needs have gone down. A side-by-side table of the old and new adult Daily Values is provided at [[Reference Daily Intake]]. As of October 2010, the only micronutrients that are required to be included on all labels are vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron.<ref>See [http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&rgn=div8&view=text&node=21:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6&idno=21 21 CFR  101.9(c)(8)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090813113845/http://ecfr.gpoaccess.gov/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=77734a162c4f7ddd997233b4d623c029&rgn=div8&view=text&node=21:2.0.1.1.2.1.1.6&idno=21 |date=2009-08-13 }}.</ref> To determine the nutrient levels in the foods, companies may develop or use databases, and these may be submitted voluntarily to the U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for review.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/ucm064894.htm VII. Nutrition Labeling; Questions G1 through P8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110422152820/http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/FoodLabelingGuide/ucm064894.htm |date=2011-04-22 }}. Guidance for Industry: A Food Labeling Guide. Accessed 2010-10-08. See also [https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/ucm063113.htm Guidance for Industry: Nutrition Labeling Manual - A Guide for Developing and Using Data Bases] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614152816/https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/ucm063113.htm |date=2009-06-14 }} from the FDA.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Nutrient
!Daily Value for label<br/> (before 2016 update)
!highest [[Dietary Reference Intake|RDA<br/> of DRI]]
!unit
|-
|[[Vitamin A]]	|| align="right" | 5,000	|| align="right" | 3,000	||[[International Unit|IU]]
|-
|[[Vitamin C]]	|| align="right" | 60	|| align="right" | 90	||[[milligram|mg]]
|-
|[[Thiamine|Thiamine (Vitamin B1)]]|| align="right" | 1.5	|| align="right" | 1.2	||mg
|-
|[[Riboflavin|Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)]]|| align="right" | 1.7	|| align="right" | 1.3	||mg
|-
|[[Niacin|Niacin (Vitamin B3)]]|| align="right" | 20	|| align="right" | 16	||mg
|-
|[[Pantothenic acid|Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)]]|| align="right" | 10	|| align="right" | 5	||mg
|-
|[[Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)]]	|| align="right" | 2	|| align="right" | 1.7	||mg
|-
|[[Folate|Folate (Vitamin B9)]]|| align="right" | 400	|| align="right" | 400 ||μg
|-
|[[Biotin|Biotin (Vitamin B7)]]|| align="right" | 300	|| align="right" | 30 ||μg
|-
|[[Cyanocobalamin|Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)]]|| align="right" | 6	|| align="right" | 2.4 ||μg
|-
|[[Vitamin D]]	|| align="right" | 400	|| align="right" | 600	||IU
|-
|[[Vitamin E]]	|| align="right" | 12	|| align="right" | 15	||mg
|-
|[[Vitamin K]]	|| align="right" | 80	|| align="right" | 120	||[[μg]]
|-
|[[Calcium]]	|| align="right" | 1,000	|| align="right" | 1,300	||mg
|-
|[[Iron]]	|| align="right" | 18	|| align="right" | 18	||mg
|-
|[[Phosphorus]]	|| align="right" | 1,000	|| align="right" | 1,250	||mg
|-
|[[Iodine]]	|| align="right" | 150	|| align="right" | 150 ||μg
|-
|[[Magnesium]]	|| align="right" | 400	|| align="right" | 420	||mg
|-
|[[Zinc]]	|| align="right" | 15	|| align="right" | 11	||mg
|-
|[[Selenium]]	|| align="right" | 70	|| align="right" | 55 ||μg
|-
|[[Copper]]	|| align="right" | 2	|| align="right" | 0.9	||mg
|-
|[[Manganese]]	|| align="right" | 2	|| align="right" | 2.3	||mg
|-
|[[Chromium]]	|| align="right" | 120	|| align="right" | 35 ||μg
|-
|[[Molybdenum]]	|| align="right" | 75	|| align="right" | 45 ||μg
|-
|[[Chloride]]	|| align="right" | 3,400	|| align="right" | 2,300	||mg
|}
Additionally, there is a requirement for ingredients to be listed in order from highest to lowest quantity, according to their weight.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.4 |title=Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 |access-date=2019-07-06 |archive-date=2019-05-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528123554/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.4 |url-status=live }}</ref> This requirement has some flexibility during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{cite web | title=FDA Announces Temporary Food Labeling During COVID-19 Pandemic | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=22 May 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/fda-announces-temporary-flexibility-policy-regarding-certain-labeling-requirements-foods-humans | access-date=6 June 2020 | archive-date=5 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605181707/https://www.fda.gov/food/cfsan-constituent-updates/fda-announces-temporary-flexibility-policy-regarding-certain-labeling-requirements-foods-humans | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Temporary Policy for Certain Food Labeling Requirements During COVID | website=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) | date=22 May 2020 | url=https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/temporary-policy-regarding-certain-food-labeling-requirements-during-covid-19-public-health | access-date=6 June 2020 | archive-date=7 June 2020 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607031421/https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/temporary-policy-regarding-certain-food-labeling-requirements-during-covid-19-public-health | url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:FDA Nutrition Facts Label 2006.jpg|thumb|The original FDA Nutrition Facts label, as of 2006]][[File:FDA Nutrition Facts Label 2016.png|thumb|The new Nutrition Facts label, in use since 2016|alt=]]
The label was mandated for most food products under the provisions of the 1990 [[Nutrition Labeling and Education Act]] (NLEA), per the recommendations of the FDA.<ref>{{cite web|title=Milestones in U.S. Food and Drug Law History|url=https://www.fda.gov/aboutfda/whatwedo/history/milestones/ucm128305.htm|publisher=FDA|access-date=11 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130306132145/https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/WhatWeDo/History/Milestones/ucm128305.htm|archive-date=6 March 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It was one of several controversial actions taken during the tenure of FDA Commissioner [[David Aaron Kessler|Dr. David Kessler]]. The law required food companies to begin using the new food label on packaged foods beginning May 8, 1994. (Meat and poultry products were not covered by NLEA, though the U.S. Department of Agriculture proposed similar regulations for [[voluntary labeling]] of raw meat and poultry.<ref>{{cite book|title=Using food labels to follow the dietary guidelines for Americans: a reference|url=https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/309722/|work=Agriculture Information Bulletin Number 704. United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion.Saltos E, Davis C, et al.(December 1994)|series=Agriculture Information Bulletin No. 704 |date=1994 |access-date=2023-02-25|archive-date=2021-03-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210315225737/https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/309722|url-status=live}}</ref> Foods labeled before that day could use the old label. This appeared on all products in 1995. The old label was titled "Nutrition Information Per Serving" or simply, "Nutrition Information".
The label begins with a standard [[serving size|serving]] measurement, [[calories]] are listed second, and then following is a breakdown of the constituent elements including % daily value (%DV).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interactive Nutrition Facts Label|url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/interactivenutritionfactslabel/overview.cfm|website=www.accessdata.fda.gov|access-date=2020-04-30|archive-date=2020-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715092319/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/interactivenutritionfactslabel/overview.cfm|url-status=live}}</ref> Always listed are [[total fat]], [[salt|sodium]], [[carbohydrates]] and [[protein (nutrient)|protein]]; the other nutrients usually shown may be suppressed, if they are zero. Usually all 15 nutrients are shown: calories, calories from fat, total fat, [[saturated fat]], [[trans fat]], [[cholesterol]], sodium, carbohydrates, [[dietary fiber]], [[sugars]], protein, [[vitamin A]], [[vitamin C]], [[calcium]], and [[iron]].
Products containing less than 5&nbsp;g of fat show amounts rounded to the nearest 0.5&nbsp;g. Amounts less than 0.5&nbsp;g are rounded to 0&nbsp;g. For example, if a product contains 0.45&nbsp;g of trans fat per serving, and the package contains 18 servings, the label would show 0&nbsp;g of trans fat, even though the product actually contains a total of 8.1&nbsp;g of trans fat.
In addition to the nutrition label, products may display certain nutrition information or health claims on packaging. These health claims are only allowed by the FDA for "eight diet and health relationships based on proven scientific evidence", including: calcium and osteoporosis, fiber-containing grain products, fruits and vegetables and cancer, fruits, vegetables, and grain products that contain fiber—particularly soluble fiber—and the risk of coronary heart disease, fat and cancer, saturated fat and cholesterol and coronary heart disease, sodium and hypertension, and folate and neural tube defects.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wheeler|first=Madelyn|author2=Marion Franz|author3=Joan Heins|author4=Rebecca Schafer|author5=Harold Holler|title=Food Labeling|journal=Diabetes Care|date=May 1994|volume=17|issue=5|pages=480–7|url=http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/17/5/480.full.pdf|access-date=28 January 2014|doi=10.2337/diacare.17.5.480|pmid=8062626|s2cid=219230769|display-authors=etal|archive-date=4 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140204025803/http://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/17/5/480.full.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> The Institute of Medicine recommended these labels contain the most useful nutritional information for consumers: saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, calories, and serving size.<ref>{{cite web | title = Examination of Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating Systems and Symbols: Phase 1 Report | url = http://iom.edu/Reports/2010/Examination-of-Front-of-Package-Nutrition-Rating-Systems-and-Symbols-Phase-1-Report.aspx | publisher = [[Institute of Medicine]] | date = 2010-10-13 | access-date = 2011-01-26 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110111172009/http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Examination-of-Front-of-Package-Nutrition-Rating-Systems-and-Symbols-Phase-1-Report.aspx | archive-date = 2011-01-11 }}</ref> In January 2011, food manufacturers and grocery stores announced plans to display some of this nutrition information on processed food.<ref>{{cite news | title = Food Makers Devise Own Label Plan | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/25/business/25label.html?partner=rss&emc=rss | work = [[The New York Times]] | date = 2010-01-25 | access-date = 2011-01-26 | archive-date = 2013-03-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130328185436/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/25/business/25label.html?partner=rss&emc=rss | url-status = live }}</ref>
The nutrition facts label currently appears on more than 6.5 billion food packages. President [[Bill Clinton]] issued the Presidential Award for Design Excellence for the nutrition facts label in 1997 to [[Burkey Belser]] and [[Jerold Mande]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Briefs - The NIH Record | url = http://nihrecord.od.nih.gov/newsletters/2006/04_07_2006/briefs.htm | publisher = [[National Institutes of Health]] | date = 2006-04-27 | access-date = 2009-06-16 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090609073232/http://nihrecord.od.nih.gov/newsletters/2006/04_07_2006/briefs.htm | archive-date = 2009-06-09 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Poitras|first=Colin|date=2011-10-14|title=UConn Alum Helps Bring Food to Millions of Hungry Americans|url=https://today.uconn.edu/2011/10/uconn-alum-helps-bring-food-to-millions-of-hungry-americans/|url-status=live|access-date=2022-01-21|website=UConn Today|language=en-US|archive-date=2022-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121144322/https://today.uconn.edu/2011/10/uconn-alum-helps-bring-food-to-millions-of-hungry-americans/}}</ref> The nutrition facts label has been used as a design model for consumer transparency in the tech industry, including the [[Federal Communications Commission]]'s "Broadband Facts" digital label introduced in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite magazine |date=2024-04-11 |title=What 'Nutrition Facts' Labels Leave Out |url=https://time.com/6964509/broadband-facts-nutrition-labels/ |access-date=2024-05-09 |magazine=TIME |language=en}}</ref>
The FDA does not require any specific typeface be used in the Nutrition Facts label, mandating only that the label "utilize a single easy-to-read type style",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol2-sec101-9.pdf|title=21 CFR 101.9(d)(1)(ii)(A)|access-date=2015-12-08|archive-date=2015-09-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051617/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol2-sec101-9.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> though its example label uses [[Helvetica]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Examples of Revised Nutrition Facts Panel Listing Trans Fat | url = http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/labtr.html | publisher = U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition | date = 2003-07-09 | access-date = 2007-11-08 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071013040155/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/labtr.html |archive-date = October 13, 2007}}</ref> However, as regulated by the FDA and the USDA, it is mandatory for certain information listed in the label to be written in English, including: name of the product, net quantity, serving size and number of servings per package, nutrition facts, ingredient list, and name of manufacturer or distributor.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Davidson|first=Tish|title=Food Labeling|journal=The Gale Encyclopedia of Diets: A Guide to Health and Nutrition|year=2008|volume=1|pages=407–412|url=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX2830000120&v=2.1&it=r&p=GVRL&sw=w&asid=aadf9c6be7ccb502289438e9e6014d75|access-date=23 January 2014}}</ref> The smallest lettering should be at least 1/16th of an inch tall (1.5875 millimeters), based on the height of a lowercase "o".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/CFR-2012-title21-vol2/CFR-2012-title21-vol2-sec101-2|title=21 CFR 101.2 - Information panel of package form food.|website=gpo.gov|access-date=2015-12-08|archive-date=2015-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726000924/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/granule/CFR-2012-title21-vol2/CFR-2012-title21-vol2-sec101-2|url-status=live}}</ref>
In January 2006, ''Trans'' fat was required to be listed under saturated fat. This was the first significant change to the Nutrition Facts panel since it was introduced in 1993.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=23786&page=2|title=Trans Fats Added To Nutrition Labels|website=MedicineNet|access-date=2016-04-15|archive-date=2016-05-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508071057/http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=23786&page=2|url-status=live}}</ref>
===2016 revision===
In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed several simultaneous improvements to nutrition labeling for the first time in over 20 years.<ref name="fdanewlabel">{{Cite web|url = https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm385663.htm|title = Proposed Changes to the Nutrition Facts Label|date = 1 August 2014|access-date = 15 February 2015|website = U.S. Food and Drug Administration |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101031958/https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm385663.htm |archive-date=2014-11-01 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url = https://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/UCM395422.pdf|title = Nutrition Facts Label: Proposed Changes Aim to Better Inform Food Choices|date = February 2014|access-date = 15 February 2015|website = Consumer Health Information|publisher = US Food and Drug Administration|archive-date = 16 June 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150616020226/http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/UCM395422.pdf|url-status = live}}</ref> The proposed changes were based on trends of consumption of nutrients of public health importance.<ref name="fdachanges">{{cite web |url=https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/changes-nutrition-facts-label |title=Changes to the Nutrition Facts Label |date=2019-10-23 |publisher=US [[Food and Drug Administration]] |access-date=2019-12-19 |archive-date=2018-05-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180506080421/https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm385663.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> However, studies had shown that the majority of the U.S. population could not understand the information in the then current Nutrition Facts Label.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rothman|first1=Russell L.|last2=Housam|first2=Ryan|last3=Weiss|first3=Hilary|last4=Davis|first4=Dianne|last5=Gregory|first5=Rebecca|last6=Gebretsadik|first6=Tebeb|last7=Shintani|first7=Ayumi|last8=Elasy|first8=Tom A.|date=2006-11-01|title=Patient Understanding of Food Labels: The Role of Literacy and Numeracy|journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine|volume=31|issue=5|pages=391–398|doi=10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.025|pmid=17046410}}</ref> Nutrition label numeracy is particularly low in older individuals, of black and Hispanic race/ethnicity, who are unemployed, born outside of the US, have lower English proficiency, lower education achievement, lower income, or live in the South.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nogueira|first1=Leticia M.|last2=Thai|first2=Chan L.|last3=Nelson|first3=Wendy|last4=Oh|first4=April|date=2016-07-01|title=Nutrition Label Numeracy: Disparities and Association with Health Behaviors|journal=American Journal of Health Behavior|volume=40|issue=4|pages=427–436|doi=10.5993/AJHB.40.4.4|pmid=27338989}}</ref>
Final changes included raising serving sizes to more accurately reflect how many servings the average individual is actually consuming, removing "calories from fat" and instead focusing on total calories and type of fats being consumed in a product, and listing extra sugar added to a product, as well as declaring the amount of [[vitamin D]] and [[potassium]] in a product and adjusting recommended Daily Value amounts.<ref name="fdanewlabel" /><ref>{{cite web|title=FDA finalizes menu and vending machine calorie labeling rules|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm423952.htm|website=fda.gov|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|access-date=25 November 2014|ref=FDA Finalizes Calorie Labeling Rules|archive-date=25 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141125215919/http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm423952.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fdachanges"/> Some of these changes sparked a major debate between the food industry and public health agencies. The proposal to indicate sugar added during food production, in particular, was brought forward by the FDA as a measure to counter the increase in per capita sugar consumption in the US, which over the last decades exceeded the limits recommended by scientific institutions and governmental agencies.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/06/25/how-the-sugar-lobby-helps-perpetuate-that-sweet-tooth-of-yours/|title = How the sugar lobby helps perpetuate that sweet tooth of yours|last = Ferdman|first = Roberto A.|date = 25 June 2014|newspaper = The Washington Post|access-date = 15 February 2015|archive-date = 16 February 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150216100058/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/06/25/how-the-sugar-lobby-helps-perpetuate-that-sweet-tooth-of-yours/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/03/added-sugar-labels_n_6604728.html|title = Here's Why Nutrition Labels Should List Added Sugar|last = Weingus|first = Leigh|date = 3 February 2015|work = The Huffington Post|access-date = 15 February 2015|archive-date = 16 February 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150216101918/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/03/added-sugar-labels_n_6604728.html|url-status = live}}</ref> Major American food associations opposed the label change, indicating "lack of merit" and "no preponderance of evidence" to justify the inclusion of sugar added in the new label.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/07/02/the-crucial-fda-nutrition-label-battle-you-probably-dont-know-about-but-should/|title = The crucial FDA nutrition label battle you probably don't know about, but should|last = Ferdman|first = Roberto A.|date = 2 July 2014|newspaper = The Washington Post|access-date = 15 February 2015|archive-date = 16 February 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150216095725/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2014/07/02/the-crucial-fda-nutrition-label-battle-you-probably-dont-know-about-but-should/|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sugar-labels-idUSKBN0G40X020140804|title = Food fight builds as U.S. regulators weigh 'added sugar' label|last = Prentice|first = Chris|date = 4 August 2014|work = Reuters|access-date = 15 February 2015|archive-date = 11 March 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160311092313/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sugar-labels-idUSKBN0G40X020140804|url-status = live}}</ref>
The rules for the new design were finalized on May 20, 2016.  Manufacturers were initially given until July 26, 2018, to comply (or July 26, 2019, if they have less than $10 million in annual food sales);<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm385663.htm|title=Labeling & Nutrition - Changes to the Nutrition Facts Label|first=Center for Food Safety and Applied|last=Nutrition|journal=FDA|date=2019-06-18|access-date=2019-12-16|archive-date=2014-11-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141101031958/https://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/GuidanceDocumentsRegulatoryInformation/LabelingNutrition/ucm385663.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> a rule change extended the compliance deadline to January 1, 2020 (or January 1, 2021, for smaller sellers).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=FDA-2004-N-0258-0180|title=Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels and Serving Sizes of Foods That Can Reasonably Be Consumed at One Eating Occasion; Dual-Column Labeling; Updating, Modifying, and Establishing Certain Reference Amounts Customarily Consumed; Serving Size for Breath Mints; and Technical Amendments; Proposed Extension of Compliance Dates|first=Anna K.|last=Abram|date=October 2, 2017|access-date=October 3, 2017|publisher=Regulations.gov|archive-date=October 3, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003224941/https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=FDA-2004-N-0258-0180|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="fdachanges"/> For food and dietary supplement labeling purposes, the amounts of vitamins and nutritionally essential minerals in a serving are expressed as a percent of Daily Value (%DV).  Many of the definitions of 100% Daily Value were changed as part of the revision.<ref name="FedReg">{{cite web |url=https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |title=Federal Register May 27, 2016 Food Labeling: Revision of the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels. FR page 33982. |access-date=2017-09-14 |archive-date=2017-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922104400/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-05-27/pdf/2016-11867.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
===Alcohol===
In the United States, [[alcoholic beverage]]s are regulated by the [[Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau]] (TTB). As of 2012, the TTB does not require alcoholic beverage packaging to have a nutrition facts label. Since at least 2003, consumer groups have lobbied the TTB to require labelling disclosing Nutrition Facts information.<ref name="usatoday">{{cite news |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2011-01-23-alcohol-labels_N.htm |title=Alcohol industry grapples with nutrition labeling |date=2011-01-23 |access-date=2013-01-20 |agency=USA Today |author=Michelle Locke |archive-date=2013-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130811125429/http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2011-01-23-alcohol-labels_N.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Some marketing terms, such as "light" and "table wine", must follow TTB guidelines. Packaging must disclose alcohol content in some circumstances.<ref name="usatoday" />{{which|date=June 2018}}
Mandatory information on the label varies by type of beverage, and includes:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ttb.gov/consumer/labeling_advertising.shtml|title=TTB - Advertising - Alcohol Beverage Labeling and Advertising|last=ALFD|website=ttb.gov|access-date=2018-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607023735/https://www.ttb.gov/consumer/labeling_advertising.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ttb.gov/pdf/brochures/p51903.pdf|title=What You Should Know About Malt Beverage Labels|access-date=2018-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607023942/https://www.ttb.gov/pdf/brochures/p51903.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ttb.gov/pdf/brochures/p51902.pdf|title=What You Should Know About Distilled Spirit Labels|access-date=2018-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607023949/https://www.ttb.gov/pdf/brochures/p51902.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ttb.gov/pdf/brochures/p51901.pdf|title=What You Should Know About Grape Wine Labels|access-date=2018-07-01|archive-date=2019-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606200619/https://www.ttb.gov/pdf/brochures/p51901.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Brand name
* Name and address of manufacturer (either bottling plant or main headquarters)
* Country of origin if imported (required by [[U.S. Customs and Border Protection]] regulations)
* Class, the definitions of which are regulated (e.g. [[beer]], [[ale]], [[lager]], [[gin]], [[vodka]], [[rum]], [[tequila]], [[Liqueur|cordial]], [[liqueur]]s)
* Health warning for beverages 0.5% or more alcohol by volume
* Net contents
** For malt beverages, must be in [[United States customary units]] (e.g. pints or fluid ounces)
** For distilled spirits, must be in [[metric units]].  Bottles must be 50 mL, 100 mL, 200 mL, 375 mL, 750 mL, 1 L, or 1.75 L. Bottles must be 50 mL, 100 mL, 200 mL, or 355 mL.
** For wine, must be in [[metric units]], and bottles must be 50 mL, 100 mL, 187 mL, 375 mL, 500 mL, 750 mL, 1 L, 1.5 L, 3 L, or a larger size with an even number of liters.
* Alcohol content (percent by volume):
** For malt beverages, mandatory only if some alcohol is due to added flavors, or if required by state law
** For distilled spirits, mandatory
** For wine, optional
* Declaration of sulfites required for wine sold in interstate (not intrastate) commerce if 10 ppm or more of [[sulfur dioxide]]
* Optional but regulated terms:
** For malt beverages: "draft", "light", "low-carbohydrate"
** For wine: grape variety and [[appellation of origin]], wine designation (e.g. "white", "red", "rose", "table"), viticultural area, "estate bottled", "vinted", vintage date
** "Organic" (regulated by USDA)
** Declarations for major allergens
===Caffeine===
Health researchers have called for the mandatory labelling of food products with added [[caffeine]], which is a psychoactive nervous system stimulant.{{who|date=June 2018}}{{when|date=June 2018}} If over-consumed, caffeine can cause seizures, kidney problems, liver problems, heart arrhythmia, and death.<ref>{{cite journal |pmc=3777296 |title=Caffeine Content Labeling: A Missed Opportunity for Promoting Personal and Public Health |author1=Jon Kole1 |author2=Anne Barnhill |journal=Journal of Caffeine Research| year=2013 |issue=3 |volume=3 |pages=108–113 |doi=10.1089/jcr.2013.0017 |pmid=24761278}}</ref> [[The Coca-Cola Company]] and [[PepsiCo]] began labelling caffeine content in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=Labeling standards for caffeine |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-dec-28-la-he-nutrition28-2009dec28-story.html |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=December 28, 2009 |author=Elena Conis |access-date=April 16, 2020 |archive-date=September 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927043442/http://articles.latimes.com/2009/dec/28/health/la-he-nutrition28-2009dec28 |url-status=live }}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Diet (nutrition)]]
* [[Food energy]]
* [[List of food labeling regulations]]
* [[Table of food nutrients]]
* [[Nutrition scale]]
* [[Serving size]]
* [[Atwater system]] (for calculating available food energy)
* [[The Non-GMO Project]]
* [[Quack Miranda warning]]
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Nutrition information}}
* [[US Food and Drug Administration]] [[Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition]]: [https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition Food labeling and nutrition]
* [[Health Canada]]: [https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-labelling/nutrition-labelling.html Nutrition labeling]
* [[U.K. Food Standards Agency]]: [https://www.food.gov.uk/business-guidance/nutrition-labelling UK nutrition labelling]
* [https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=LEGISSUM:l21092 EU website on nutrition labeling]
{{labeling}}
[[Category:Food law]]
[[Category:Food labelling]]
[[Category:Health policy in the United States]]
[[Category:Human nutrition]]