View source for Ożarów

{{Short description|Town in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, Poland}}
{{other places}}
{{Redirect|Ozharov|the Hasidic dynasty|Ozharov (Hasidic dynasty)}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Ożarów
| image_skyline = Ozarow (Swietokrzyski) z lotu ptaka.jpg
| image_caption = Bird's-eye view of Ożarów
| image_flag = POL Ożarów flag.svg
| image_shield = POL gmina Ożarów COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship|Świętokrzyskie]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Opatów County|Opatów]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Gmina Ożarów|Ożarów]]
| area_total_km2 = 7.79
| population_as_of = 2021
| population_total = 10399
| population_density_km2 = auto
| coordinates = {{coord|50|53|27|N|21|40|4|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m =
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 27-530
| area_code = +48 15
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = TOP
| website = http://www.ozarow.pl/
}}
'''Ożarów''' ({{IPA|pl|ɔˈʐaruf|audio=Pl-Ożarów.ogg}}; {{Langx|yi|אָזשאַראָװ|translit=Ozharov}}) is a town in [[Poland]], in the province of [[Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship]], in [[Opatów county]] ([[Powiat]] of Opatów), historic [[Lesser Poland]], with 10,399 inhabitants as of December 31, 2021. Ożarów received its [[Magdeburg rights|town charter]] in 1569, during the [[Polish Golden Age]], lost it in 1869, and regained in 1988. The town lies in eastern part of the province, some fifteen kilometers west of the [[Vistula]] river. Ożarów's coat of arms is the [[Rawa coat of arms|Rawa]], which was used by the Ozarowski family.
Ożarów is a road hub, where National Road Nr. 79 ([[Warsaw]] - [[Bytom]]) meets Local Road Nr. 755. The town has a sports club Alit, established in 1947. Its largest employer is a leading cement factory nearby. The cement factory was privatized in 1995 and, a controlling stake in the company was purchased from HCP (Holding Cement Polski) by Irish company [[CRH plc]]. Recently, one of the agents involved in brokering the transaction between HCP and CRH claimed to have paid a USD 1m bribe to make the acquisition. The results of that inquiry were still pending as of June 2005.<ref name="Polish-inquiry">{{cite web | url=http://www.aggregateresearch.com/articles/6644/1m-bribe-paid-for-CRH-Polish-inquiry-told.aspx | title=$1m bribe paid for CRH, Polish inquiry told | publisher=ARI aggregateresearch.com | date=Jun 27, 2005 | access-date=April 9, 2012}}</ref> CRH plc owns more than a dozen operations in Poland.<ref name="findarticles.com">{{cite web | url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_gx5202/is_1993/ai_n19122225/ | title=CRH plc | publisher=CBS Interactive | access-date=April 9, 2012 | author=M. Cohen | pages=1 to 4}}</ref><ref name="books.google">{{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tsv9PkeV9iYC&q=HCP+(Holding+Cement+Polski)+%2B+CRH+plc.+O%C5%BCar%C3%B3w+-User&pg=PA245 | title=Poland cement statistics | publisher=Tradeship Publications Ltd | work=The Global Cement Report | date=28 February 2005 | access-date=April 9, 2012 | pages=245}}</ref>
==History==
Ożarów was founded in 1569 by Józef Ożarowski on the grounds of Wyszmontów village. It received city rights from King [[Zygmunt August]], and until the [[Partitions of Poland]] was part of [[Sandomierz Voivodeship]]. In 1815 - 1915, the town belonged to Russian-controlled [[Congress Poland]]. In 1767 a big fire destroyed the centre of the city which was rebuilt in a slightly different place. The first original city centre was located along present day Kolejowa Street. By 1787 the steadily growing Jewish population reached 1,000. In 1869, following the failed [[January Uprising]], Ożarów &ndash; like many similar Polish cities &ndash; was stripped of its city rights as punishment for supporting the independence movement.<ref name="kirkuty" />
During the [[Revolution of 1905]], Ożarów was part of the so-called Ostrowiec Republic (Republika Ostrowiecka), anti-Russian revolutionary movement, led by the [[Polish Socialist Party]]. In 1915, the village was visited by [[Józef Piłsudski]], and in late May of that year, a skirmish between [[Polish Legions in World War I]] and the [[Russian Imperial Army]] took place here. The Russians burned Ożarów to the ground; the village was rebuilt in 1916 - 1920.
==The Holocaust==
During [[occupation of Poland]] in World War II, the Nazi Germans created a Jewish ghetto in Ożarów for the imprisonment not only of the local Jews but also deportation transports from [[Radom]], [[Włocławek]] and even from [[Vienna]]. The ghetto held around 4,500 inmates between January and October 1942, at which time all inhabitants were loaded onto [[Holocaust train]]s, shipped to [[Treblinka extermination camp]] and murdered upon arrival. Ożarów lost 64% of its citizens in [[The Holocaust in Poland|the Holocaust]].<ref name="kirkuty">Artur Cyruk, [http://www.kirkuty.xip.pl/ozarow.htm Jewish Cemeteries in Poland: Ożarów.] ''Kirkuty''. Retrieved April 8, 2012.</ref><ref name="Pilichowski">Czesław Pilichowski (ed.), ''Obozy hitlerowskie na ziemiach polskich, 1939-1945: informator encyklopedyczny''.</ref>
The post-[[World War II]] development of Ożarów is connected with construction of a cement plant. It was initiated in 1972, and as a result, new block of flats were built for the workers of the plant. The population quickly grew in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and on December 18, 1987, the government of the [[People's Republic of Poland]] agreed to grant town charter to the village.
===Jewish history of Ożarów===
Rabbi Yehudah Leib Epstein became Rabbi of Ożarów (see [[Ozharov (Hasidic dynasty)]]) in Poland in 1811. He was a disciple of the Seer of Lublin, the Holy Jew of Prshiskhe, the Ohev Yisrael of Apt, and Rabbi Myer, the Or LaShamayim of Apt. His followers numbered in the thousands.
[[File:Ozerow.jpg|left|thumb|Main market in Ozarow, September 1939]]
He was succeeded by his son, Rabbi Yechiel Chaim Epstein, who was in turn succeeded by his son Rabbi Arye Yehuda Leib Epstein, author of the Hasidic work Birkas Tov. Rabbi Arye Yehuda Leib had six children including Grand Rabbi Avraham Shlomo Epstein of Ozharov (1864-1917) who succeeded his father in 1913.
Rabbi [[Moshe Yechiel Epstein]] first came to the U.S. in 1920 and eventually moved there permanently in 1926 after being offered to be the rabbi of a synagogue for Ożarów immigrants on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. Rabbi Moshe Yechiel's entire family in Europe was wiped out in the Holocaust. Rabbi Moshe Yechiel moved to [[Tel Aviv]] in 1952, where he spent the rest of his life.
Rabbi Moshe Yechiel was known as one of the great Torah scholars of his generation, authoring Eish Dos (11 volumes) and Be'er Moshe (12 volumes). In 1968 he was a recipient of the [[Israel Prize]] in the category of Torah literature.
Rabbi Moshe Yechiel died in 1971, and was succeeded by his grandson, Grand Rabbi Tanchum Becker (son of Rabbi Moshe Yechiel's daughter, Rebbetzin Miriam Becker and Rabbi Dovid Eliyahu Becker, a rav in Milwaukee, Wisconsin), was trained by his grandfather to succeed him. He is known as the Ożarów Rebbe.
==Points of interest==
* Parish Church of Bishop St. Stanisław from late 19th century; erected near a bell tower dating back to 18th century; and, the chapel at Mickiewicza Street, built in gratitude for saving Ożarów from the plague.
* Jewish cemetery in town dating back almost 400 years, one of the rare historic Jewish cemeteries in Poland saved in their original form. The cemetery wall however, was almost totally destroyed during World War II by general warfare as well as German soldiers using the stones for fortifications. In May 2001, Norman Weinberg organized the Ożarów Cemetery Restoration Project aimed at renovating and rebuilding the cemetery, which was completed in October 2001.
<gallery align="center" widths="220px" heights="160px" perrow="3">
File:Cmentarz żydowski w Ożarowie.jpg|Historic Jewish Cemetery in Ożarów
File:Jewish cemetery Ozarow IMGP5087.jpg|[[Ohel (grave)|Ohel for meditation]] at the Jewish Cemetery
File:Ozarow church 20060616 1430.jpg|Church of St. Stanisław
</gallery>
==References==
{{Commons}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Gmina Ożarów}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Opatów County]]
[[Category:1569 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]
[[Category:1569 establishments in Poland]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1569]]
[[Category:Holocaust locations in Poland]]
[[Category:Historic Jewish communities in Poland]]