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{{Short description|Open standards organisation}}
{{Infobox standardref
| image                   = File:OSGi Logo.png
| caption                = OSGi Alliance logo
| organization              = OSGi Alliance
| year_started = 1999
| version = 8.0
| versionDate  = {{Start date|2020|10}}<ref>{{cite web |url= https://docs.osgi.org/specification/osgi.core/8.0.0/toc.html |title=OSGi Alliance &#124; Specifications / HomePage |work=osgi.org |year=2020 |access-date=October 3, 2022}}</ref>
| domain                  = [[Java (programming language)|Java]]
| license                = [http://www.osgi.org/Specifications/Licensing OSGi Specification License, Version 2.0]
| website                = {{URL|http://www.osgi.org}}
}}
'''OSGi''' is an open specification and [[open source]] project under the [[Eclipse Foundation]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Group |first=OSGi Working |title=What Is OSGi? {{!}} The Eclipse Foundation |url=https://www.osgi.org/resources/what-is-osgi/ |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=OSGi Working Group |language=en}}</ref>
It is a continuation of the work done by the '''OSGi Alliance''' (formerly known as the '''Open Services Gateway initiative'''), which was an [[open standard]]s organization for [[software]] founded in March 1999. The foundation originally specified and maintained the '''OSGi''' '''standard'''. The alliance transferred its work to the [[Eclipse Foundation]] at the end of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tyson |first=Matthew |date=2020-08-13 |title=What is OSGi? A different approach to Java modularity |url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/3543072/what-is-osgi-java-modularity-with-the-open-service-gateway-initiative.html |access-date=2023-11-08 |website=InfoWorld |language=en}}</ref>
The '''OSGi specification''' describes a modular system and a [[Service (systems architecture)|service]] platform for the [[Java (programming language)|Java]] programming language that implements a complete and dynamic [[component model]], something that does not exist in standalone Java or [[Virtual machine|VM]] environments.  It has a [[service-oriented architecture]] based on micro services each implemented as an extended Java class file archive ([[JAR (file format)]]).
==Description==
OSGi is built around a [[service-oriented architecture]].  [[Application software|Applications]] or components, come in the form of [[#Bundles|bundle]]s for [[software deployment|deployment]], can be remotely installed, started, stopped, updated, and uninstalled without requiring a [[Reboot (computer)|reboot]].  Management of [[Java package]]s/[[class (computer science)|class]]es is specified in great detail. Application life cycle management is implemented via APIs that enable remote [[downloading]] of management policies. The service registry enables bundles to detect the addition of new services or the removal of services, and adapt accordingly.
The OSGi specifications have evolved beyond the original focus of service gateways, and are now used in applications ranging from [[mobile phone]]s to the open-source [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse IDE]]. Other application areas include [[automobile]]s, [[industrial automation]], [[building automation]], [[Personal Digital Assistant|PDA]]s, [[grid computing]], [[entertainment]], [[fleet management]] and [[application server]]s.
In October 2020, the OSGi Alliance announced the transition of the standardization effort to the Eclipse Foundation, subsequent to which it would shut down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.osgi.org/2020/10/announcement-of-transition-to-eclipse.html|title=Announcement of Transition to Eclipse Foundation|first=B. J.|last=Hargrave}}</ref>  All artifacts have been transferred to the Eclipse Foundation, where an “OSGi Working Group" continues to maintain and evolve the specification.
== Specification process ==
The OSGi specification is developed by the members in an open process and made available to the public free of charge under the OSGi Specification License.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.osgi.org/Main/OSGiSpecificationLicense |title=OSGi Specification License |access-date=2012-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914021603/http://www.osgi.org/Main/OSGiSpecificationLicense |archive-date=2015-09-14 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The OSGi Alliance has a [[Regulatory compliance|compliance]] program that is open to members only. As of November 2010, there are seven certified OSGi framework [[implementation]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.osgi.org/osgi-compliance/osgi-certification/osgi-certified-products/ |title=OSGi Alliance &#124; Markets / Certified |access-date=2017-06-23 |archive-date=2008-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925211558/http://www.osgi.org/Markets/Certified |url-status=dead }}</ref> A separate page lists both certified and non-certified [[OSGi Specification Implementations]], which include OSGi frameworks and other OSGi specifications.
== Architecture ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
[[File:Osgi framework.svg|thumb|OSGi Service Gateway Architecture]]
OSGi is a Java framework for developing and deploying modular software programs and libraries. Each bundle is a tightly coupled, dynamically loadable collection of classes, jars, and configuration files that explicitly declare their external dependencies (if any).
The framework is conceptually divided into the following areas:
;Bundles:Bundles are normal [[JAR (file format)|JAR]] components with extra manifest headers.
;Services:The services layer connects bundles in a dynamic way by offering a publish-find-bind model for plain old Java interfaces ([[POJI]]s) or [[plain old Java object]]s (POJOs).
;Services Registry:The [[application programming interface]] for management services.
;Life-Cycle:The [[application programming interface]] for life cycle management (install, start, stop, update, and uninstall) for bundles.
;Modules:The layer that defines encapsulation and declaration of dependencies (how a bundle can import and export code).
;Security:The layer that handles the security aspects by limiting bundle functionality to pre-defined capabilities.
;Execution Environment:Defines what methods and classes are available in a specific platform. There is no fixed list of execution environments, since it is subject to change as the [[Java Community Process]] creates new versions and editions of Java. However, the following set is currently supported by most OSGi implementations:
:*[[Connected Device Configuration|CDC-1.0/Foundation-1.0]]
:*[[Connected Device Configuration|CDC-1.1/Foundation-1.1]]
:*OSGi/Minimum-1.0
:*OSGi/Minimum-1.1
:*JRE-1.1
:*From J2SE-1.2 up to J2SE-1.6
==Bundles==
[[Image:osgi-system-layering.svg|thumb|upright=1.35|Classification: OSGi]]
A bundle is a group of Java classes and additional resources equipped with a detailed manifest <code>[[MANIFEST.MF]]</code> file on all its contents, as well as additional services needed to give the included group of Java classes more sophisticated behaviors, to the extent of deeming the entire aggregate a component.
Below is an example of a typical <code>[[MANIFEST.MF]]</code> file with OSGi Headers:
<syntaxhighlight lang="properties" line>
Bundle-Name: Hello World
Bundle-SymbolicName: org.wikipedia.helloworld
Bundle-Description: A Hello World bundle
Bundle-ManifestVersion: 2
Bundle-Version: 1.0.0
Bundle-Activator: org.wikipedia.Activator
Export-Package: org.wikipedia.helloworld;version="1.0.0"
Import-Package: org.osgi.framework;version="1.3.0"
</syntaxhighlight>
The meaning of the contents in the example is as follows:<ref>[http://blog.springsource.com/2008/02/18/creating-osgi-bundles/ Creating OSGi bundles] by Costin Leau</ref>
# '''Bundle-Name:''' Defines a human-readable name for this bundle, Simply assigns a short name to the bundle.
# '''Bundle-SymbolicName:''' The only required header, this entry specifies a unique identifier for a bundle, based on the [[Reverse domain name notation|reverse domain name convention]] (used also by the [[java packages]]).
# '''Bundle-Description:''' A description of the bundle's functionality.
# '''Bundle-ManifestVersion:''' Indicates the OSGi specification to use for reading this bundle.
# '''Bundle-Version:''' Designates a version number to the bundle.
# '''Bundle-Activator:''' Indicates the class name to be invoked once a bundle is activated.
# '''Export-Package:''' Expresses which Java packages contained in a bundle will be made available to the outside world.
# '''Import-Package:''' Indicates which Java packages will be required from the outside world to fulfill the dependencies needed in a bundle.
== Life-cycle ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
[[Image:OSGi Bundle Life-Cycle.svg|thumb|OSGi Bundle Life-Cycle]]
A Life Cycle layer adds bundles that can be dynamically installed, started, stopped, updated and uninstalled. Bundles rely on the module layer for class loading but add an API to manage the modules in run time. The life cycle layer introduces dynamics that are normally not part of an application. Extensive dependency mechanisms are used to assure the correct operation of the environment. Life cycle operations are fully protected with the security architecture.
{| class="wikitable"
! Bundle State
! Description
|-
| '''INSTALLED'''
| The bundle has been successfully installed.
|-
| '''RESOLVED'''
| All Java classes that the bundle needs are available. This state indicates that the bundle is either ready to be started or has stopped.
|-
| '''STARTING'''
| The bundle is being started, the <code>[http://www.osgi.org/javadoc/r4v41/org/osgi/framework/BundleActivator.html#start(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext) BundleActivator.start]</code> method has been called but the start method has not yet returned. When the bundle has an activation policy, the bundle will remain in the STARTING state until the bundle is activated according to its activation policy.
|-
| '''ACTIVE'''
| The bundle has been successfully activated and is running; its Bundle Activator start method has been called and returned.
|-
| '''STOPPING'''
| The bundle is being stopped. The <code>[http://www.osgi.org/javadoc/r4v41/org/osgi/framework/BundleActivator.html#stop(org.osgi.framework.BundleContext) BundleActivator.stop]</code> method has been called but the stop method has not yet returned.
|-
| '''UNINSTALLED'''
| The bundle has been uninstalled. It cannot move into another state.
|}
Below is an example of a typical Java class implementing the <code>[http://www.osgi.org/javadoc/r4v42/org/osgi/framework/BundleActivator.html BundleActivator]</code> interface:
<syntaxhighlight lang="java">
package org.wikipedia;
import org.osgi.framework.BundleActivator;
import org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
public class Activator implements BundleActivator {
private BundleContext context;
@Override
public void start(BundleContext context) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Starting: Hello World");
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public void stop(BundleContext context) throws Exception {
System.out.println("Stopping: Goodbye Cruel World");
this.context = null;
}
}
</syntaxhighlight>
==Services==
===Standard services===
The OSGi Alliance has specified many services. Services are specified by a [[Java interface]]. Bundles can implement this interface and register the service with the Service Registry. Clients of the service can find it in the registry, or react to it when it appears or disappears.
The table below shows a description of OSGi System Services:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Diaz Redondo |first=R. P. |last2=Vilas |first2=A. F. |last3=Cabrer |first3=M. R. |last4=Pazos Arias |first4=J. J. |last5=Lopez |first5=Marta Rey |date=2007-02-01 |title=Enhancing Residential Gateways: OSGi Service Composition |url=https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1109/TCE.2007.339507 |journal=IEEE Trans. on Consum. Electron. |volume=53 |issue=1 |pages=87–95 |doi=10.1109/TCE.2007.339507 |issn=0098-3063}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" width = "100%"
! System Services
! Description
|-dsafassafasfas
| '''Logging'''
| The [[Java logging framework|logging]] of information, warnings, debug information or errors is handled through the Log Service. It receives log entries and then dispatches these entries to other bundles that subscribed to this information.
|-
| '''Configuration Admin'''
| This service allows an operator to set and get the configuration information of deployed bundles.
|-
| '''Device Access'''
| Facilitates the coordination of automatic detection and attachment of existing devices. This is used for Plug and Play scenarios.
|-
| '''User Admin'''
| This service uses a database with user information (private and public) for authentication and authorization purposes.
|-
| '''IO Connector'''
| The IO Connector Service implements the [[Connected Device Configuration|CDC]]/[[CLDC]] <code>[http://java.sun.com/javame/reference/apis/jsr118/javax/microedition/io/package-summary.html javax.microedition.io]</code> package as a service. This service allows bundles to provide new and alternative protocol schemes.
|-
| '''Preferences'''
| Offers an alternative, more OSGi-friendly mechanism to using Java's default {{Javadoc:SE|java/util|Properties}} for storing preferences.
|-
| '''Component Runtime'''
| The dynamic nature of services—they can come and go at any time—makes writing software harder. The Component Runtime specification can simplify handling these dynamic aspects by providing an XML based declaration of the dependencies.
|-
| '''Deployment Admin'''
| Standardizes access to some of the responsibilities of the management agent.
|-
| '''Event Admin'''
| Provides an inter-bundle communication mechanism based on a publish-and-subscribe model.
|-
| '''Application Admin'''
| Simplifies the management of an environment with many different types of applications that are simultaneously available.
|}
The table below shows a description of OSGi Protocol Services:
{| class="wikitable" width = "100%"
! Protocol Services
! Description
|-
| '''HTTP Service'''
| Allows information to be sent and received from OSGi using [[HTTP]].
|-
| '''UPnP Device Service'''
| Specifies how OSGi bundles can be developed to interoperate with [[Universal Plug and Play]] (UPnP) devices.
|-
| '''DMT Admin'''
| Defines an API for managing a device using concepts from the [[Open Mobile Alliance]] (OMA) device management specifications.
|}
The table below shows a description of OSGi Miscellaneous Services:
{| class="wikitable" width = "100%"
! Miscellaneous Services
! Description
|-
| '''Wire Admin'''
| Allows the connection between a Producer service and a Consumer service.
|-
| '''XML Parser'''
| The XML Parser service allows a bundle to locate a parser with desired properties and compatibility with [[JAXP]].
|-
| '''Measurement and State'''
| The Measurement and State service allows and simplifies the correct handling of measurements in an OSGi service platform.
|}
== Organization ==
The OSGi Alliance was founded by [[Ericsson]], [[IBM]], [[Motorola]], [[Sun Microsystems]] and others in March 1999. Before incorporating as a nonprofit corporation, it was called the Connected Alliance.
Among its members are ({{As of|2015|alt=as of February 2015}}) more than 35 companies from quite different business areas, for example [[Adobe Inc|Adobe Systems]], [[Deutsche Telekom]], [[Hitachi]], [[IBM]], [[Liferay]], Makewave, [[NEC]], [[Nippon Telegraph & Telephone|NTT]], [[Oracle Corporation|Oracle]], [[Orange SA]], [[ProSyst]], [[Salesforce]], [[Siemens]], [[Software AG]] and [[TIBCO Software]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.osgi.org/About/Members|title=OSGi Alliance &#124; About / Members}}</ref>
The Alliance has a board of directors that provides the organization's overall governance.  OSGi officers have various roles and responsibilities in supporting the alliance. Technical work is conducted within Expert Groups (EGs) chartered by the board of directors, and non-technical work is conducted in various working groups and committees. The technical work conducted within Expert Groups include developing specifications, reference implementations, and compliance tests. These Expert Groups have produced five major releases of the OSGi specifications ({{as of|2012}}).
Dedicated Expert Groups exist for the enterprise, mobile, vehicle and the core platform areas.
The Enterprise Expert Group (EEG) is the newest EG and is addressing Enterprise / Server-side applications.
In November 2007 the Residential Expert Group (REG) started to work on specifications to remotely manage residential/home-gateways.
In October 2003, [[Nokia]], [[Motorola]], [[International Business Machines|IBM]], [[ProSyst]] and other OSGi members formed a Mobile Expert Group (MEG) that will specify a [[MIDP]]-based service platform for the next generation of smart mobile phones, addressing some of the needs that [[Connected Limited Device Configuration|CLDC]] cannot manage {{En dash}} other than [[Connected Device Configuration|CDC]]. MEG became part of OSGi as with R4.
== Specification versions ==
* OSGi Release 1 (R1): May 2000
* OSGi Release 2 (R2): October 2001
* OSGi Release 3 (R3): March 2003
* OSGi Release 4 (R4): October 2005 / September 2006
** Core Specification (R4 Core): October 2005
** Mobile Specification (R4 Mobile / JSR-232): September 2006
* OSGi Release 4.1 (R4.1): May 2007 (AKA JSR-291)
* OSGi Release 4.2 (R4.2): September 2009
** Enterprise Specification (R4.2): March 2010
* OSGi Release 4.3 (R4.3): April 2011
** Core: April 2011
** Compendium and Residential: May 2012
* OSGi Release 5 (R5): June 2012
** Core and Enterprise: June 2012
* OSGi Release 6 (R6): June 2015
** Core: June 2015
* OSGi Release 7 (R7): April 2018
** Core and Compendium: April 2018
* OSGi Release 8 (R8): December 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.osgi.org/2020/12/osgi-core-release-8-is-now-final-and.html|title=OSGi Core Release 8 is now final and published|first=B. J.|last=Hargrave}}</ref>
== Related standards ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
*[[Multimedia Home Platform|MHP]] / [[OpenCable Application Platform|OCAP]]
*[[Universal Plug and Play]] (UPnP)
*[[DPWS]]
*[[ITU-T]] [[G.hn]]
*[[LonWorks]]
*[[CORBA]]
*[[CEBus]]
*[[European Home Systems Protocol|EHS]] ([[KNX (standard)|KNX]]) / CECED [[CHAIN (industry standard)|CHAIN]]
*[[Java Management Extensions]]
== Projects using OSGi ==
* [[Adobe Experience Manager]] {{En dash}} an enterprise [[Content Management System]]<ref>{{cite news|date=2018-11-16|title=Forrester Names Web Content Management Leaders|publisher=CMSWire|url=https://www.cmswire.com/digital-experience/forrester-names-web-content-management-leaders-aprimo-updates-dam-more-news/|access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref>
* [[Apache Aries]] {{En dash}} Blueprint Container implementations and extensions of application-focused specifications defined by OSGi Enterprise Expert Group
* [[Apache Sling]] {{En dash}} OSGi-based applications layer for [[Content repository API for Java|JCR]] content repositories
* [[Atlassian Confluence]] and [[Atlassian Jira|JIRA]] {{En dash}} the plug-in architecture for this enterprise wiki and issue tracker uses OSGi
* [[BIRT Project|Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools (BIRT) Project]] {{En dash}} Open source reporting engine
* [[Cytoscape]] {{En dash}} an open source bioinformatics software platform (as of version 3.0)
* [[DataNucleus]] {{En dash}} open source data services and persistence platform in service-oriented architectures
*[http://codice.org/ddf/index.html DDF] {{En dash}} Distributed Data Framework provides free and open-source data integration
* [[Dotcms]] {{En dash}} open source Web Content Management
* [[EasyBeans]] {{En dash}} open source EJB 3 container
* [[Eclipse (software)|Eclipse]] {{En dash}} open source IDE and rich client platform
* [[iDempiere]] {{En dash}} is an OSGi implementation of the open source [[Enterprise resource planning|ERP]] Branch GlobalQSS [[Adempiere]]361 originally started by Low Heng Sin<ref>{{cite web|title=Adempiere Branch_GlobalQSS_361|url=http://www.adempiere.com/Branch_GlobalQSS_361|website=adempiere.com/|access-date=27 September 2014}}</ref>
* [[Virgo (software)|Eclipse Virgo]] {{En dash}} open source microkernel-based server constructed of OSGi bundles and supporting OSGi applications
* [[GlassFish]] (v3) {{En dash}} application server for Java EE
* [[Fuse ESB]] {{En dash}} a productized and supported release of ServiceMix 4
* [[Integrated Genome Browser]] {{En dash}} an open source, desktop GUI for visualizing, exploring, and analyzing genome data
* [[IntelliJ IDEA|IntelliJ]] {{En dash}} Java IDE and rich client platform with free community edition
* JOnAS 5 {{En dash}} open source Java EE 5 application server
* [[JOSSO]] 2 {{En dash}} Atricore's open source standards-based Identity and Access Management Platform
* [[Liferay|Liferay Dxp]] {{En dash}} open source and commercial enterprise Portal platform use OSGi from version 7.x
* [[Lucee]] 5 {{En dash}} open source CFML Web Application Server
* [[NetBeans]] {{En dash}} open source IDE and rich client platform
* [[Nuxeo]] {{En dash}} open source [[Enterprise Content Management|ECM]] Service Platform
* [[Open Daylight Project]] {{En dash}} Project with the goal of accelerating the adoption of [[software-defined networking]]
* [[OpenEJB]] {{En dash}} open source OSGi-enabled EJB 3.0 container that can be run both in standalone or embedded mode
* [[openHAB]] {{En dash}} open source home automation software
* [[OpenWorm]] {{En dash}} open source software simulation of [[Caenorhabditis elegans|''C. elegans'']], via the dedicated ''Geppetto'' modular platform
* [[Akana]] {{En dash}} API Gateway, Portal and Analytics server from Akana (formerly SOA Software)
* [[Weblogic]] {{En dash}} Oracle Weblogic Application Server
* [[WebSphere]] {{En dash}} IBM Websphere JEE Application Server
* [[WebMethods]] {{En dash}} SoftwareAG WebMethods
* [[WildFly]] {{En dash}} Red Hat's WildFly Application Server, formerly JBoss
* [[WSO2 Carbon]] {{En dash}} Base platform for WSO2's enterprise-grade Open source middleware stack
* [[Pentaho]] - [[Business intelligence|Business Intelligence]] (BI) software that provides [[data integration]], [[OLAP|OLAP services]], [[Report|reporting]], [[Dashboards (management information systems)|information dashboards]], [[data mining]] and [[extract, transform, load]] (ETL) capabilities.
== Current framework implementations ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! License
|-
| [[Apache Felix]] || Open source
|-
| Apache Karaf || Open source
|-
| [[Concierge OSGi]] || Open source
|-
| [[Equinox OSGi]]   || Open source
|-
| [[Eclipse Gemini]] || Open Source
|-
| [https://www.knopflerfish.org Knopflerfish] || Open Source
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin|30em}}
*{{citation
| first1    = Holly
| last1     = Cummins
| first2    = Tim
| last2     = Ward
| date      = March 28, 2013
| title     = Enterprise OSGi in Action
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = [[Manning Publications]]
| pages     = 376
| isbn      = 978-1617290138
}}
*{{citation
| first1    = Alexandre de Castro
| last1     = Alves
| date      = July 28, 2011
| title     = OSGi in Depth
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = [[Manning Publications]]
| pages     = 325
| isbn      = 978-1-935182-17-7
}}
*{{citation
|first1    = Jeff
|last1     = McAffer
|first2    = Paul
|last2     = VanderLei
|first3    = Simon
|last3     = Archer
|date      = February 24, 2010
|title     = OSGi and Equinox: Creating Highly Modular Java Systems
|edition   = 1st
|publisher = [[Addison-Wesley Professional]]
|pages     = 460
|isbn      = 978-0-321-58571-4
|url       = http://www.informit.com/store/product.aspx?isbn=0321612353
}}
*{{citation
|first1    = Walid
|last1     = Joseph Gédéon
|date      = November 5, 2010
|title     = OSGi and Apache Felix 3.0 Beginner's Guide
|edition   = 1st
|publisher = [[Packt Publishing]]
|pages     = 336
|isbn      = 978-1-84951-138-4
|url       = https://www.packtpub.com/osgi-and-apache-felix-30-beginners-guide/book
}}
*{{citation
|first1       = Craig
|last1        = Walls
|date         = July 2009
|title        = Modular Java with OSGi and Spring
|edition      = 1st
|publisher    = Pragmatic Bookshelf
|pages        = 250
|isbn         = 978-1-934356-40-1
|url          = http://pragprog.com/titles/cwosg/modular-java
|access-date  = 2009-02-19
|archive-date = 2011-05-30
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110530051750/http://pragprog.com/titles/cwosg/modular-java
|url-status   = dead
}}
*{{citation
| first1    = Richard S
| last1     = Hall
| first2    = Karl
| last2     = Pauls
| first3    = Stuart
| last3     = McCulloch
| date      = September 2009
| title     = OSGi in Action
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = [[Manning Publications]]
| pages     = 375
| isbn      = 978-1-933988-91-7
}}
*{{citation
| first1    = Alexandre de Castro
| last1     = Alves
| date      = March 2009
| title     = OSGi Application Frameworks
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = [[Manning Publications]]
| pages     = 325
| isbn      = 978-1-935182-17-7
}}
*{{citation
| first      = Neil
| last      = Bartlett
| title      = OSGi In Practice
| date      = 2009-01-10
| edition      = DRAFT
| pages      = 229
| url      = http://s3.amazonaws.com/neilbartlett.name/osgibook_preview_20090110.pdf
| access-date      = 2009-06-11
| archive-date      = 2012-02-16
| archive-url      = https://web.archive.org/web/20120216035109/http://s3.amazonaws.com/neilbartlett.name/osgibook_preview_20090110.pdf
| url-status      = dead
}}
*{{citation
|first1    = Jeff
|last1     = McAffer
|first2    = Paul
|last2     = VanderLei
|first3    = Simon
|last3     = Archer
|date      = September 7, 2009
|title     = Equinox and OSGi: The Power Behind Eclipse
|edition   = 1st
|publisher = [[Addison-Wesley Professional]]
|pages     = 480
|isbn      = 978-0-321-58571-4
|url       = http://www.informit.com/store/product.aspx?isbn=0321609425
}}
*{{citation
|first1       = Gary
|last1        = Mak
|year         = 2009
|title        = Pro SpringSource dm Server
|publisher    = [[Apress]]
|pages        = 250
|isbn         = 978-1-4302-1640-7
|url          = http://www.apress.com/book/view/9781430216407
|access-date  = 2008-12-28
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20101205163412/http://www.apress.com/book/view/9781430216407
|archive-date = 2010-12-05
|url-status   = dead
}}
*{{citation
|first1    = Daniel
|last1     = Rubio
|date      = 2009-02-12
|edition   = First
|title     = Pro Spring Dynamic Modules for OSGi Service Platforms
|publisher = [[Apress]]
|pages     = [https://archive.org/details/prospringdynamic0000rubi/page/392 392]
|isbn      = 978-1-4302-1612-4
|url       = https://archive.org/details/prospringdynamic0000rubi/page/392
}}
*{{citation
| year      = 2003
| title     = OSGi Service Platform, Release 3
| publisher = IOS Press
| pages     = 604
| isbn      = 1-58603-311-5
| author      = The OSGi Alliance
}}
*{{citation
| year      = 2007
| title     = OSGi Service Platform, Core Specification, Release 4, Version 4.1
| publisher = OSGi Alliance.
| pages     = 228
| isbn      = 978-90-79350-01-8
}}
*{{citation
| year      = 2009
| title     = OSGi Service Platform, Core Specification, Release 4, Version 4.2
| publisher = OSGi Alliance.
| pages     = 332
| isbn      = 978-90-79350-04-9
}}
*{{citation
| year      = 2007
| title     = OSGi Service Platform, Service Compendium, Release 4, Version 4.1
| publisher = OSGi Alliance.
| pages     = 594
| isbn      = 978-90-79350-02-5
}}
*{{citation
| year      = 2007
| title     = OSGi Service Platform, Mobile Specification, Release 4, Version 4
| publisher = OSGi Alliance.
| pages     = 426
| isbn      = 978-90-79350-03-2
}}
*{{citation
| year      = 2001
| title     = Programming Open Service Gateways with Java Embedded Server(TM) Technology
| publisher = [[Prentice Hall]] PTR
| pages     = 480
| isbn      = 0-201-71102-8
| author      = Kirk Chen, Li Gong.
}}
*{{citation
| year      = 2010
| title      = Building an OSGI Declarative Service with Maven using Netbeans
| author      = Kayode Odeyemi
| url      = http://sinati.com/blog/2010/glassfish/building-osgi-declarative-service-maven-using-netbeans
}}
*{{citation
|year         = 2011
|title        = OSGi 4.3 Technical Update: What's new?
|publisher    = The Eclipse Foundation
|author       = BJ Hargrave (IBM)
|url          = http://www.eclipsecon.org/2011/sessions/?page=sessions&id=2279
|access-date  = 2011-06-11
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110621031808/http://www.eclipsecon.org/2011/sessions/?page=sessions&id=2279
|archive-date = 2011-06-21
|url-status   = dead
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|OSGi}}
*{{Official website|http://www.osgi.org/}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100505202136/http://www.viddler.com/explore/oredev/videos/112/ Oredev 2008 - Architecture - OSGi Now and Tomorrow]
* [http://wiki.eclipse.org/index.php/Category:Equinox Eclipse Equinox Article Index] - Articles on an open source OSGi implementation
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[[Category:1999 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Articles with example Java code]]
[[Category:Embedded systems]]
[[Category:Free software programmed in Java (programming language)]]
[[Category:Organizations based in California]]
[[Category:Standards organizations in the United States]]