View source for Oak Forest Hospital of Cook County

{{Multiple issues|
{{Primary sources|date=February 2011}}
{{Update|date=February 2018}}
{{original research|date=November 2024}}
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{{Infobox hospital
| name                  = Oak Forest Hospital of Cook County
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| image_size            = 225
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| coordinates           = {{coord|41|35|55|N|87|43|53|W|region:US-IL_type:landmark|display=inline, title}}
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| location              = [[Oak Forest, Illinois|Oak Forest]]
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| state                 = Illinois
| country               = US
| healthcare            = <!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private -->
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| beds                  = 600+
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| opened                = 1854 <!-- cite in article as well -->
| closed                = closed
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'''Oak Forest Hospital of Cook County''' is a defunct 600+ bed hospital located in south suburban [[Oak Forest, Illinois]]. It specialized in [[long-term care]], ventilator care, [[chronic disease]] and [[Physical medicine and rehabilitation|rehabilitation services]].<ref>[http://www.johnstrogerhospital.org/dom/oak.html Oak Forest Hospital of Cook County] at johnstrogerhospital.org</ref> It was part of the [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]] [[Cook County Bureau of Health Services|Bureau of Health Services]], which also includes the more prominent and newer [[John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County]].
At one point, uninsured patients from other hospitals in Cook County requiring sub-acute, chronic, long term, ventilator care, or rehabilitation were sent to Oak Forest Hospital as an alternative to remaining in acute hospitals such as [[John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County]] or [[Provident Hospital (Chicago)|Provident Hospital - Chicago]] or going to nursing homes.
Many services and facilities at Oak Forest Hospital were cut or closed down, including long-term care units, some rehabilitation services, and conveniences such as the hospital's cafeteria. As a result, patients who lived in the long-term care units were placed to lower-quality nursing facilities.
The hospital was converted to a clinic named '''Oak Forest Health Center of Cook County''', which later closed. The buildings on the 153-acre campus are in the process of being demolished. The demolition began in late 2023, and the demolition project is scheduled to be completed in 2027.
== Historical role of state and county government in providing care to the indigent in Illinois ==
=== First facility in Cook County ===
The [[Chicago-Read Mental Health Center|Chicago State Hospital]] was the only large-scale facility available in [[Cook County, Illinois]] to address a variety of longer-term health-related needs of the poor when its doors opened in 1854. Early on the facility, located in [[Dunning, Chicago|Dunning]], became known in conversation as the Dunning Insane Asylum or simply "Dunning", most likely referenced this way due to the name of the train station near the facility.<ref name="auto">{{cite web | url=http://www.wbez.org/series/curious-city/story-dunning-tomb-living-106892 | title=The story of Dunning, a 'tomb for the living' | publisher=WBEZ 91.5 FM | date=April 30, 2013 | access-date=June 7, 2014 | author=Robert Loerzel}}</ref>
Although the facility began as a [[poor farm]] or [[almshouse]], eventually it began to accept people considered to be mentally ill in some fashion, as well as other biological-based diseases.<ref name="auto"/>
=== History of abuse, neglect, and corruption under county supervision at Dunning ===
By 1874, the [[Chicago Tribune]] published a story about abuse, neglect and government corruption with the facility. In an 1886 state investigation, one of the sedatives used at Dunning was a mixture containing [[chloral hydrate]] as well as [[cannabis]], [[hops]] and [[potash]]. The investigation also found that Dunning was apparently serving two kegs of [[beer]] daily to both patients and employees. A lack of fruit and fresh vegetables had caused an epidemic of [[scurvy]];About 200 patients had the illness, according to the same investigation. "The cooking, we are convinced, was bad," the investigators said.<ref name="auto"/>
By the early 1900s, the reputation of the Dunning facility was riddled with horror stories and legal battles appearing in the newspapers and amongst the general public.
With the arc of awareness of such matters growing outward as a result of the telegraph industry being forced to fight for its relevance against the telephone companies, Cook County eventually determined it was time to build another facility to handle the growing number of indigents unable to afford private health care.
=== State takeover of Dunning facility in exchange for Oak Forest Infirmary ===
In 1911, an agreement was reached between the State of Illinois and Cook County in which the County surrendered all assets and liabilities associated with the Dunning facility and at the same time, the county was leaving all residents deemed to be insane at the Dunning facility while transferring the remaining residents to what was to become the Oak Forest Hospital facility by July 1, 1911, which would remain under the supervision of Cook County officials and employees.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80gtAQAAMAAJ&q=oak+forest+hospital+bid+cook+county+1907&pg=PA472 | title=1905 Cook County Board of County Commissioners Meeting Minutes - Cook County, Illinois | date=March 24, 1911 | access-date=June 7, 2014}}</ref>
This agreement was in some ways more of a formality since Cook County had already called for bids and the facility was fairly complete, both in construction and in an operational manner in 1910.
==The initial development years==
===Cook County initiates development of Oak Forest Infirmary in 1907===
While the State was busy engaging in activities that would eventually lead the facility into better patient living conditions over the next few years at the Dunning facility,<ref name="auto"/> the County seemed determined to stay its course of suspicious politics and questionable decisions. Many people in both large and small communities had a low tolerance level for a number of ailments, with issues such as poverty being viewed as "proof" someone must be "sick" in order to live such a way. Definitions of compassion ranged from providing for fresh air in the architecture design while others were busy practicing some form of [[eugenics]] to speed the process of biological death.
Records indicate 5 bids were submitted for consideration as presented by Superintendent of Public Service for Cook County William McLaren opened the bids at a Board of Commissioners meeting on December 9, 1907; two from Edward A. Wanner, one from the law firm of Fischer & Fischer on behalf of Bernhard H. Franzen, George L. Thatcher of Thatcher, Griffin and Wright, and C. L. Buss. According to the meeting minutes, the bid submitted by C. L. Buss was the first one accepted by the county on December 3, 1907, and holds clues as to what the advertisement might have requested as well as reflecting the most complex pricing strategy for the tract of land as a package deal. Rather than averaging the cost of the entire tract to fit the demands of the county, certain acres were more expensive than other acres. Wanner's submission of a bid referencing property in the Orland township area clearly exceeded the 300 acre maximum and therefore outside of the scope of proposed work.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JOHNAAAAMAAJ&q=hospital+bid+cook+county+1907&pg=PA43 | title=1907 Official Proceedings of the Board of Commissioners of Cook County, Illinois | publisher=Cook County (Ill.). Board of County Commissioners | access-date=June 7, 2014| year=1908 }}</ref>
===The DuPont Farm and Ammunition facility 1906 explosion===
Although the property submitted by C. L. Buss certainly looked appealing on paper, complete with the [[Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad]] being less than a quarter mile away, the [[DuPont]] Farm and Ammunition Storage facility most likely played a role in the choice of the county to purchase the property offered for sale.
Opening in 1894, the location had its own track spur off of the Chicago, Rock Island Railroad in between the Midlothian and Oak Forest whistle stops as well as a listing in the train schedule.(4) The primary product manufactured at the location was smokeless gunpowder, which was a clear game-changer in the gunpowder industry as well as forever altering the face of warfare. The DuPont station served as both a passenger drop off and pick up location for staff along with the occasion guest while providing a means to begin their distribution process of their product they were manufacturing.
Explosions were not uncommon in gunpowder factories and storage facilities and 12 years later in 1906, an explosion leveled the DuPont facility. Although there is currently no clear evidence as to the precise location of the facility, apparently the shock-waves from the explosion traveled a decent enough distance in which the windows of the Midlothian Country Club were shattered, according to a newspaper report. The newspaper adopted the name of the geographical location to be "DuPont, Illinois."
The material fallout from such an explosion must have affected the surrounding farms and small town community to varying degrees, and at some point prior to the call for bids by Cook County for the grounds, there was a transfer of the property to a "C. L. Busse" or "C. L. Buss" (depending on what records you are referencing) prior to the bid submission.
==Alternate identities==
The Oak Forest Infirmary was eventually referenced in 1911 County meeting minutes as the Cook County Poor Farm or the Poor Farm at Oak Forest, Illinois.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Commissioners|first=Cook County (Ill ) Board of County|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=80gtAQAAMAAJ&q=oak+forest+hospital+bid+cook+county+1907&pg=PA472|title=Official Proceedings ...|date=1911|language=en|access-date=June 7, 2014}}</ref>
Other known identities are The Cook County Almshouse, Cook County Poorhouse, Cook County Infirmary, Cook County Old-Age Home, and Oak Forest Tuberculosis Hospital.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/1735.html | title="Almshouses" Encyclopedia of Chicago | publisher=Chicago Historical Society | date=2005 | access-date=June 7, 2014}}</ref>
Despite its adoption of "Oak Forest" in its name over the decades, the property has always resided outside of the city's jurisdiction and never was annexed to the [[Oak Forest, Illinois|City of Oak Forest, Illinois]].
==References==
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==External links==
* [https://cookcountyhealth.org/locations/oak-forest-health-center/ Oak Forest Health Center]
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[[Category:Defunct hospitals in Illinois]]
[[Category:Oak Forest, Illinois]]
[[Category:Hospitals established in 1854]]
[[Category:1854 establishments in Illinois]]