View source for Odesa–Brody pipeline

{{short description|Crude oil pipeline in Ukraine}}
{{update|date=January 2012}}
{{Infobox pipeline
| name        = Odesa–Brody pipeline (Sarmatia pipeline)
| type        = oil
| map         =
| map_caption = Location of Odesa–Brody pipeline (Sarmatia pipeline)
| country     = [[Ukraine]], ([[Poland]])
| coordinates = [https://web.archive.org/web/20120122074231/http://wikimapia.org/#lat=46.6169029&lon=31.0482216&z=14&l=0&m=m]
| photo       =
| caption     =
| operator    = [[UkrTransNafta]]
| partners    = [[UkrTransNafta]], [[PERN Przyjazn SA]], [[GOGC]] and the [[State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic|SOCAR]], [[Klaipedos Nafta]]
| length_km   = 674
| discharge   =
| direction   = south–north–west
| start       = [[Pivdenne, Odesa Oblast|Pivdenne]] ([[Odesa]] suburb)
| finish      = [[Brody]], ([[Gdańsk]])
| est         = 2002
| through     = [[Brody]], [[Płock]]
| par         =
}}
The '''Odesa–Brody pipeline''' (also known as '''Sarmatia pipeline''') is a [[crude oil]] [[Pipeline transport|pipeline]] between the [[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] cities [[Odesa]] at the [[Black Sea]], and [[Brody]] near the Ukrainian-[[Poland|Polish]] border. There are plans to expand the pipeline to [[Płock]], and furthermore to [[Gdańsk]] in Poland. The pipeline is operated by [[UkrTransNafta]], Ukraine's state-owned oil pipeline company.
==History==
The usage and direction of Odesa–Brody pipeline is considered to be of considerable [[geopolitics|geopolitical significance]] and has thus been the subject of both political disagreement and international pressure. Russia has repeated opposed the flow of oil ''from'' Brody to Poland and prefers to have the oil flow in the reverse direction from Russia ''to'' Brody and the Port of Pivdenny where the oil will be transported through the [[Turkish Straits]] ([[Bosphorus]] and [[Dardanelles]]) to Europe.<ref name=Pivdenny/>{{efn|To remove Russia's dependence upon Ukraine for the transportation of Russia's energy products, Russia began building in 2004 a massive oil complex at the [[Port of Taman]] on the [[Azov Sea]] to export oil by Tamanneftgaz ({{langx|ru|ЗАО «Таманьнефтегаз»}}), which has since 2004 as general director [[:ru:Меткин, Александр Михайлович (политик)|Alexander Mikhailovich Metkin]] ({{langx|ru|Александр Михайлович Меткин}}; born May 27, 1951 [[Moscow]]) and is owned by the Belgian [[Michel Litvak]]'s associated [[Netherlands]]-registered United Transport and Forwarding Company (OTEKO) ({{langx|ru|ЗАО «Объединенная транспортно-экспедиторская компания»}}), from Russia through [[Turkey]] to Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tamanneftegas.ru/about/ |title=Таманьнефтегаз: О компании |trans-title=Tamanneftegaz: About Company |language=ru |work=Таманьнефтегаз (Tamanneftegaz.ru) |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oteko.ru/about/ |title="ОТЭКО" : О компании |trans-title=OTEKO : About Company |language=ru |date= |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Исаева |first=Надежда (Isaeva, Nadezhda) |url=https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/07/30/tamanskii-diavol |title=Таманский дьявол: На черноморском побережье вблизи вулканов собираются построить комплекс химзаводов. Местные считают, что это может привести к катастрофе |trans-title=Taman devil: On the Black Sea coast near the volcanoes they are going to build a complex of chemical plants. Locals believe it could lead to disaster |language=ru |work=[[Novaya Gazeta|«Новая газета»]] |date=30 July 2021 |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://zampolit.com/dossier/metkin-aleksandr-mikhaylovich/ |title=МЕТКИН АЛЕКСАНДР МИХАЙЛОВИЧ |trans-title=METKIN ALEXANDER MIKHAILOVICH |language=ru |work=Замполит (zampolit.com) |date= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126143554/https://zampolit.com/dossier/metkin-aleksandr-mikhaylovich/ |access-date=19 August 2021|archive-date=2020-11-26 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://tass.ru/encyclopedia/person/metkin-aleksandr-mihaylovich |title=Меткин, Александр Михайлович |trans-title=Metkin, Alexander Mikhailovich |language=ru |work=[[TASS]] |date=14 February 2017 |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref>}}{{efn|Russia exports petroleum along the Azov-Black Sea coasts through [[Novorossiisk]], [[Tuapse]], and the [[Port of Taman]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chumakova |first1=Natalia |last2=Stolyarov |first2=Gleb |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-oil-loadings-idAFL5N1ZV5XH |title=Storms, snow disrupt oil product exports from Russian Baltic, southern ports |work=[[Reuters]] |date=31 January 2019 |access-date=19 August 2021}}</ref>}}
Beginning in 1973, [[Armand Hammer#Détente|Armand Hammer]] developed the [[:uk:Морський торговельний порт «Південний»|Port of Pivdenny]] into the deepest warm water port on the Azov-Black Sea coast able to handle vessels up to a draft of {{convert|18.5|m}}.<ref name=Pivdenny>{{cite news |url=https://usm.media/samyj-samyj-port-pivdennyj-ot-hammera-do-nashih-dnej/ |title=Самый-самый порт Пивденный: от Хаммера до наших дней |trans-title=The most-most port of Pivdenny: from Hammer to the present day |language=ru |work="Юкрейниан Шиппинг Мегазин" (USM) website |date=June 11, 2021 |access-date=August 17, 2021 |archive-date=August 19, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819233130/https://usm.media/samyj-samyj-port-pivdennyj-ot-hammera-do-nashih-dnej/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://en.usm.media/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/33.jpg |title=Нефтетранспортная Система Украины |trans-title=Oilpipeline System of Ukraine |language=ru |work="Юкрейниан Шиппинг Мегазин" (USM) website |date=June 11, 2021 |access-date=19 August 2021 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819233148im_/https://en.usm.media/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/33.jpg}}</ref>
The pipeline was originally intended to reach Gdańsk in order to transfer oil from the [[Caspian Sea]] (mainly from [[Kazakhstan]]) to the [[Poland|Polish]] [[Baltic Sea]] port and from there to the rest of Europe. The [[:uk:Морський торговельний порт «Південний»|Pivdenny maritime terminal]] west of [[Pivdenne, Odesa Oblast|Pivdenne]], a suburb of Odesa, and the pipeline between Odesa and Brody was built in May 2002 by [[Ukrnaftogazbud]] and operated by [[UkrTransNafta]]. UkrTransNafta was established to develop the commercial attractiveness of the Odesa–Brody pipeline. From 2002 until 2004, flow of oil through the pipeline was idle.<ref name=Pivdenny/> However, the pipeline remained unused until 2004.<ref name=inogate>{{cite news|url=http://www.inogate.org/en/on-going-projects/europeaid-119467-c-sv-ua |title=Odessa-Brody-Plock Oil Transportation System |publisher=INOGATE Technical Secretariat |date=2006-10-12 |access-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718090909/http://www.inogate.org/en/on-going-projects/europeaid-119467-c-sv-ua |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }}</ref>
However, as sufficient capacities of oil supplies were not agreed, on 5 July 2004 the Ukrainian cabinet accepted proposal of Russian oil companies to reverse the pipeline flow, and thus making it transfer Russian oil southwards to the Black Sea and from there to Mediterranean destinations and signed a long term agreement between Russia and Ukraine on August 18, 2004, ensuring the reverse flow of oil.<ref name=Pivdenny/> Currently the oil is shipped to the pipeline from the junction of the southern branch of [[Druzhba pipeline]].
Following the [[Orange Revolution]] and the election of [[Yulia Tymoshenko]] as [[Prime Minister of Ukraine|Prime Minister]] who on March 5, 2005, announced that the oil would flow from Brody to Europe, Ukraine opposes Russia's plan.<ref name=Pivdenny/>
On 24 March 2010, Ukraine's ambassador to Belarus proposed the pipeline begin operating in the averse direction in order to deliver Venezuelan crude to Belarusian refineries.<ref name=daniel>{{cite news
|url=http://www.oilandgaseurasia.com/news/p/0/news/6825
|title=Ukraine Offers Odessa-Brody for Venezuelan Crude to Belarus
|date=2010-03-25
|publisher=[[Eurasia Press]]
|work=Oil&Gas Eurasia
|access-date=2010-03-25
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327041038/http://www.oilandgaseurasia.com/news/p/0/news/6825
|archive-date=2010-03-27
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
After the beginning of the [[Russo-Ukrainian War]], the oil pipeline was stopped for two years – from 2014 to 2016.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2023-06-05 |title=Міські легенди України. Нафтопровід "Одеса-Броди" |url=https://www.slovoidilo.ua/2017/06/27/infografika/ekonomika/miski-lehendy-ukrayiny.-naftoprovid-odesa-brody |access-date=2023-06-05 |website=Слово і Діло |language=uk}}</ref>
In March 2020, Ukraine resumed transporting oil from Brody to Belarus and Poland.<ref name=Pivdenny/>
==Technical features==
[[File:Adzhalykskyi liman2.jpg|thumb|A tanker approaches pipeline's Pivdennyi Oil Terminal at [[Pivdennyi Port]], [[Odesa Oblast]].]]
The current length of the pipeline is {{convert|674|km}}. The pipeline is operated by Ukrtransnafta, and the oil is shipped by [[TNK-BP]]. In 2006 TNK-BP pumped 3.42&nbsp;million tons of oil through the pipeline. In 2007, this volume was exceeded as already during seven month in January–July almost 5.3 million tons of oil were pumped transported.<ref name=alex1>{{cite news |url=http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/company/cnr73735.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130627111151/http://www.gasandoil.com/goc/company/cnr73735.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-06-27 |title=TNK-BP reports on higher Odessa-Brody volume for 2007 |publisher=Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections |date=2007-08-09 |access-date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>
==Expansion==
There are ongoing intentions to implement original project. On 13 May 2003, the [[European Commission]] declared the Odesa–Brody–Płock oil transportation project as a project of Pan-European interest and the trilateral EU-Ukraine-Poland Joint Expert Working Group (OBP JEWG) was created.<ref name=inogate/>
In 2005, after the success of [[Viktor Yushchenko]] in the [[2004 Ukrainian presidential election]] and the [[Orange Revolution]], the new government has shown interest in using the pipeline in the direction originally intended, in order to transfer oil from the Caspian to Europe. The pipeline is planned to be prolonged to Płock in Poland, and from there through the existing branch off of the northern branch of Druzhba pipeline to Gdańsk. For developing this project, UkrTransNafta and Poland's pipeline operator [[PERN Przyjazn SA]] formed a joint venture Sarmatia sp.z.o.o. on 12 July 2004.<ref name=inogate/>
On 27 October 2006 at the [[European Union]]-Ukraine summit, the President of Ukraine Viktor Yushchenko proposed to build an extension via [[Slovakia]] to [[Kralupy nad Vltavou|Kralupy]] refinery in the [[Czech Republic]]. On 15 November 2006, the idea was supported by Ukraine's prime minister [[Viktor Yanukovych]].<ref name=socor1>
{{cite news
|url= http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=32241
|title= Kyiv changing ideas, mixing signals on Odesa-Brody oil pipeline
| publisher = [[The Jamestown Foundation]]
| newspaper = [[Eurasia Daily Monitor]]
| first = Vladimir | last = Socor
| author-link = Vladimir Socor
|date=2006-11-16
|access-date=2007-09-30}}
</ref>
On 11 May 2007  the presidents of Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Azerbaijan, and the special envoy of the president of Kazakhstan agreed on the construction of a pipeline linking existing pipeline with Gdańsk.<ref name=forbes>{{cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/05/11/afx3712998.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070519004722/http://www.forbes.com/markets/feeds/afx/2007/05/11/afx3712998.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 19, 2007 |title=Six countries agree on oil pipeline bypassing Russia |work=[[Forbes]] |date=2007-05-11 |access-date=2007-09-30}}</ref>
On 5 June 2007, at the Gdańsk meeting the intergovernmental working group of the project agreed to expand the composition of shareholders of Sarmatia sp.z.o.o. by companies from Azerbaijan, Georgia and Lithuania.<ref name=communique>{{cite news |url=http://www.mg.gov.pl/NR/rdonlyres/C1A79430-94BA-4397-AB72-AF98F3B06BD3/34049/CommuniqueGdansk2.doc |title=Communiqué on the Intergovernmental Working Group on energy issues meeting |format=DOC |date=2007-06-05 |access-date=2007-09-30}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> New shareholders since 2007 are Lithuania's [[Klaipedos Nafta]], [[GOGC|Georgian Oil and Gas Corporation (GOGC)]] and the [[State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic|State Oil Company of the Azerbaijani Republic (SOCAR)]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sarmatia.com.pl/en/eaotc-project/history/|title=History - Sarmatia Sp. z o.o.|website=sarmatia.com.pl|access-date=2018-01-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102191521/https://sarmatia.com.pl/en/eaotc-project/history/|archive-date=2018-01-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to the agreements between the companies, Ukrtransnafta, PERN, SOCAR and GOGC will each own 24.75% of the shares, while [[Klaipedos Nafta]] will own 1% of shares.<ref name=ukranews>{{cite news |url=http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/55072.html |title=Ukrtransnafta Predicts That Odesa-Brody Pipeline Won't Start To Pump Oil Toward Brody Before 2011 |publisher=Ukranews |date=2007-07-17 |access-date=2007-09-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130208213953/http://www.ukranews.com/eng/article/55072.html |archive-date=2013-02-08 }}</ref>
On 10 October 2007, the agreement forming a pipeline consortium was signed by the presidents of Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Georgia and Azerbaijan at the energy security conference in Vilnius.<ref name=upstream1>{{cite news |url=http://www.upstreamonline.com/live/article142128.ece |title=Vilnius unveils Caspian pipe pact |newspaper = [[Upstream (newspaper)|Upstream Online]]
| publisher = NHST Media Group | date=2007-10-10 |access-date=2007-10-13}}</ref>
== See also ==
* [[Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan pipeline]]
* [[Druzhba pipeline]]
* [[Trans-Balkan pipeline]]
* [[Intermarium]]
* [[Port of Taman]]
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Odesa–Brody pipeline}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120130070003/http://sarmatia.com.pl/en/ Official website of Sarmatia]
{{coord missing|Ukraine}}
{{Black Sea Energy}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Odesa-Brody pipeline}}
[[Category:Energy infrastructure completed in 2002]]
[[Category:Brody]]
[[Category:Oil pipelines in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Oil pipelines in Poland]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Lviv Oblast]]
[[Category:Poland–Ukraine relations]]
[[Category:2002 establishments in Ukraine]]
[[Category:Black Sea energy]]
[[Category:Transport in Odesa]]