View source for Off spin

{{Short description|Type of bowling in cricket}}
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[[Image:Off break small.gif|thumb|right|Animation of a typical off spin delivery, bowled from [[wikt:over the wicket|over the wicket]].]]
'''Off spin''' is a type of [[spin bowling]] in [[cricket]]. A bowler who uses this technique is called an '''off spinner'''. Off spinners bowl with their right-arm and a  [[finger spin]] action. Their normal [[Delivery (cricket)|delivery]] is called an '''off break''',<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.differencebetween.info/difference-between-off-break-and-off-spin| title = Difference between Off Break and Off Spin| date = 15 July 2013}}</ref> which spins from left to right (from the bowler's perspective) when the ball bounces on the [[cricket pitch|pitch]]. For a right-handed [[batsman]], the ball breaks towards them from the [[off side]],<ref name=wikihow /> hence the name 'off break'.
Off spinners bowl mostly off breaks, varying them by adjusting the [[line and length]] of the deliveries. Off spinners also bowl other types of delivery, which spin differently. Aside from these variations in spin, varying the speed, [[line and length|length]] and flight of the ball are also important for the off spinner.
The bowler with the most [[Dismissal (cricket)|wickets]] in the history of both [[Test cricket|Test matches]] and [[One Day International|ODIs]], [[Muttiah Muralitharan]], was an off spinner.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muttiah Muralitharan's rise to the top of the world |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/1656490 |website=ICC |access-date=28 July 2020 |date=17 April 2020 |quote=On the occasion of the legendary Sri Lankan off-spinner Muttiah Muralitharan's 48th birthday, we revisit his rise to the top of the international wicket-takers' charts through an animated graph.}}</ref>
==History==
Although rare now, in the past there were bowlers who used the off-break action who deliberately did not impart any considerable spin on the ball but relied on line and length (or even speed variations) to frustrate batsmen. They endeavoured to pitch the ball in an area that the batsman was unable to play a scoring shot, even making last moment adjustments to "follow" a batsman should they move within the crease to negate the bowlers tactics. Whilst this is primarily a defensive style, wickets were achieved by forcing a batsman to make a rash stroke or even bowling at the stumps instead of the retreating batsman. Another wicket taking method was to impart more spin on the ball than usual, and surprise the batsman. An exponent of this style of bowling was "Flat" [[Jack Simmons (cricketer)|Jack Simmons]] who played for Lancashire and Tasmania in the 1970s and 1980s. With the advent of limited overs cricket promoting more adventurous batting styles and the use of ever heavier bats this style of bowling has declined, although some off-spinners will still use this tactic when the pitch is offering very little or no ''turn''. It is a tactic often used by [[Kane Williamson]] when he bowls occasionally in limited overs format because his bowling style tends to be flatter and faster.
==Comparison with other types of spin bowling==
[[File:Nathan Lyon with Jonny Bairstow at the non-striker's end watching and umpire Joel Wilson also observing on day 4 of the 3rd Ashes Test between England and Australia at Headingley.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Nathan Lyon]] bowling off spin]]
Off spin contrasts with [[leg spin]], in which the ball spins from leg to off and which is bowled with a very different action (wrist spin).<ref name="bbcacad">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/cricket/skills/newsid_3227000/3227307.stm |title=Off spin |work=BBC Sport |access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref> Off spin is generally considered less difficult to play than leg spin, as off breaks typically spin less than [[leg break]]s, and do not generally possess the same loopy, potentially deceptive flight. In addition, off spinners tend to have a smaller repertoire of deliveries to choose from. For a right-handed batsman, the ball moves in towards the batsman's body, meaning the batsman's legs are usually in the path of the ball if it misses the bat or takes an edge. This makes it difficult for the bowler to get the batsman out bowled or caught from an off break, but it does mean there is a chance of [[leg before wicket]], assuming the ball has not turned enough to miss the leg [[stump (cricket)|stump]]. However, the off spinner often bowls faster and more accurately than a leg spinner, and can therefore deceive the batsman with changes in the pace of the ball. A left-handed batsman has more difficulty facing off break bowling, because the ball moves away from his body. This means that any miscalculation can more easily result in an outside edge off the bat and a catch going to the [[wicket-keeper]] or [[slip (cricket)|slips]] fielders.
A [[left arm|left-handed]] [[bowler (cricket)|bowler]] who bowls with the same (finger spin) action as an off spinner is known as a [[left-arm orthodox spin]] bowler. While the orthodox spinner has the same action as an off-spinner, the ball itself spins in the opposite direction (akin to a right arm leg spinner).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sportacademy/hi/sa/cricket/skills/newsid_3207000/3207491.stm |title=How to bowl left-arm spin |work=BBC Sport |access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref> Such a ball is not normally called an off break, but a ''left-arm orthodox spinner''.
==Terminology==
'''Off spin:''' Sometimes the term off spin is used to mean the off break delivery.<ref>{{cite web |title=A glossary of cricket terms |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/21322339/a-glossary-cricket-terms |website=ESPN |access-date=31 July 2020 |date=17 April 2007 |quote=Off-break/spin - A ball turning into the right hander- from off to leg (from left to right)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Definition of offspin |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/offspin |website=Merriam-Webster |access-date=31 July 2020 |quote=spin imparted to a bowled ball in cricket that tends to cause it to break from the off side to the leg side.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The man behind Murali |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/22946228/the-man-murali |website=ESPN |access-date=31 July 2020 |date=15 July 2007 |quote="A coach cannot change a bowler like Murali. If anyone tried to do that he will be lost. What made Murali so special was his off-spin. It was his main weapon. With his experience he added the doosra. But he got most of his wickets with off-spin," Fernando continued.}}</ref><ref name="Narine">{{cite web |title=Sunil Narine banned from bowling his off-spinner in IPL |url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/15815/9827864/sunil-narine-banned-from-bowling-his-off-spinner-in-ipl |website=skysports.com |access-date=8 August 2020 |date=29 April 2015 |quote=West Indies 'mystery spinner' Sunil Narine has been banned from bowling his off-spin delivery at the Indian Premier League... A statement from the IPL read: "...the committee has concluded that Mr. Narine’s bowling action for his off-spinner, contravenes Law 24.2 (as read with Law 24.3) of the Laws of Cricket. Therefore the player is now banned from bowling the off-spinner in matches organised by the BCCI, including the IPL."}}</ref> At other times the term off spin has a wider meaning, to include all deliveries bowled by an off spinner, including non-off break deliveries.<ref>{{cite web |title=Simple And Common Variations In Off Spin |author=Peter Such |author-link=Peter Such |url=https://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/metarasa/cricket/spin/simple-and-common-variations-in-off-spin/ |website=teamtechnology.co.uk |access-date=31 July 2020 |quote=Once the basics of bowling off spin have been mastered (the mechanics of finger spin bowling) to become a complete off spin bowler one must develop and have the ability to consistently deliver a range of variations... The Arm Ball, Swinger Or Floater}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=From cow corner to Mankads - your cricket questions answered |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/52271285 |website=BBC |access-date=7 August 2020 |date=17 April 2020 |quote=When the ball spins the opposite way to how a batsman would expect, it is called a doosra (when an off-spin bowler turns it away from a right-hander)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Off Spin Variations: How to Bowl Off Spin |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6l0DUMc9Xb4  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/6l0DUMc9Xb4| archive-date=2021-12-11 |url-status=live|website=YouTube |access-date=1 August 2020 |date=19 August 2017 |quote=The one you've all been asking for, here's Kieran talking us through how to bowl the different off spin variations.}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
'''Off spinner:''' The term off spinner can be used to mean either the bowler<ref>{{cite web |title='Ashwin is the best off-spinner in the world' – Graeme Swann |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/835438 |website=ICC |access-date=7 August 2020 |date=28 August 2018 |quote=Former England off-spinner Graeme Swann has rated India's Ravichandran Ashwin as the best Test spinner in the world while picking Afghanistan's Rashid Khan as the best in Twenty20s. "Ashwin is easily the best off-spinner in the world."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=England's Graeme Swann maintains a rich Old Trafford off-spin tradition |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2013/aug/02/england-graeme-swann-old-trafford |website=The Guardian |access-date=7 August 2020 |date=2 August 2013 |quote=But there have been matches here that were not so memorable for off-spinners... Two fine English off-spinners, Fred Titmus and John Mortimore, bowled 93 overs between them in that match, yielding 222 runs without a wicket... Australia had one off-spinner, Tom Veivers}}</ref> or the off break delivery.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pakistan v Australia |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152733.html |website=ESPN |access-date=4 August 2020 |quote=MacKay, bowling off-spinners on a perfect length}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Definitive: Michael Vaughan |url=https://wisden.com/stories/the-definitive-michael-vaughan |website=Wisden |access-date=4 August 2020 |date=26 June 2014 |quote="I was in the Yorkshire under 15 side and batting regularly at number seven and bowling off-spinners." |archive-date=28 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928211909/https://wisden.com/stories/the-definitive-michael-vaughan |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ashes 2015: England and Australia's spinners prove a threat in a big-hitter's era |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2015/jul/15/ashes-2015-england-australia-spinners-cricket |website=The Guardian |access-date=4 August 2020 |date=15 July 2015 |quote=Bowling off-spinners was a peaceful occupation then.}}</ref><ref name="Narine"/>
'''Offie:''' The term offie can also be used to mean either the bowler<ref>{{cite web |title=Three thrilling quicks and an offie with a seven-for |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/28511121/debutant-year-nominees |website=ESPN |access-date=26 July 2020 |date=19 January 2020 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Top five: Most runs conceded by a bowler in an innings in IPL |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/ipl/top-stories/top-five-most-runs-conceded-by-a-bowler-in-an-innings-in-ipl/articleshow/76338571.cms |website=Times of India |access-date=26 July 2020 |date=12 June 2020 |quote=The young offie from Afghanistan has often troubled the batsmen with his precise line and length and variations.}}</ref> or the off break delivery.<ref>{{cite web |title=The doosra ain't the only game in town |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/18771982/ashley-mallett-offspinner-variations |website=ESPN |access-date=26 July 2020 |date=27 February 2017 |quote=In Perth grade cricket I bowled offies and would keep bowling that way until inevitably the day would come when offbreaks didn't bring enough wickets... So if Laker was brought on, I would bowl offies, but if "Tich" Freeman was in action, I would bowl legspin.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ponting gets a BBL wicket, bowling offies |url=https://www.facebook.com/cricketcomau/videos/ponting-gets-a-bbl-wicket-bowling-offies/2527580790824136/ |website=cricket.com.au |access-date=26 July 2020 }}</ref>
==Technique==
An off break is bowled by holding the [[cricket ball]] in the palm of the hand with the seam running across under all the fingers.<ref name=wikihow>{{cite web| url = http://www.wikihow.com/Grip-the-Ball-to-Bowl-Offspin| title = How to Grip the Ball to Bowl Offspin}}</ref> As the ball is released, the fingers roll down the right side of the ball (for a right-handed bowler), giving the ball a clockwise spin as seen from behind.
== Notable off spinners ==
Notable off spinners include:
*[[Muttiah Muralitharan]] of [[Sri Lanka]], who has the most wickets in both ODIs and Test matches,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/93276.html|title=Records / Test matches / Bowling records / Most wickets in career|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/records/283193.html|title=Records / One-Day Internationals / Bowling records / Most wickets in career|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref>
*[[E. A. S. Prasanna]] and [[Srinivas Venkataraghavan]], two of the legendary [[Indian spin quartet]]
*[[Harbhajan Singh]] of [[India]]
*[[Saqlain Mushtaq]] and [[Saeed Ajmal]] of Pakistan. [[Saqlain Mushtaq]] was credited with the invention of the "[[doosra]]", which is bowled with a similar-looking action to the off break but spins the opposite way, just as the leg spinner's [[googly]] turns the opposite way from his stock ball.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/pakvaus2009/content/story/401970.html|title=I can teach Australians the doosra - Saqlain|date=29 April 2009|publisher=ESPNcricinfo|author=Cricinfo staff|access-date=16 December 2012}}</ref>
*[[Jim Laker]] and [[Graeme Swann]] of England
*[[Nathan Lyon]] of Australia.
*[[Tim May]] of Australia. He played 24 tests as well as being the Chief Executive of the [[ Australian Cricketers' Association]] and later the [[Federation of International Cricketers' Associations]].
*[[Ajantha Mendis]]: inventor of the carrom ball
*[[Lance Gibbs]]: first spinner to pass 300 wickets
*[[Ravichandran Ashwin]] of India. Fastest Bowler to reach 250, 300 and 350 wickets in test cricket.
and more...
==Other deliveries bowled by off spin bowlers==
Another common weapon of the off spinner is the [[arm ball]], which does not spin but goes straight on "with the arm".<ref>{{cite book|title=What is a googly?|last=Eastaway|first=Rob|publisher=Robson Books|year=2003|isbn=1-86105-629-X|page=[https://archive.org/details/whatisgoogly00robe/page/118 118]|url=https://archive.org/details/whatisgoogly00robe/page/118}}</ref> More skilled offspinners also have the [[topspinner]].<ref>{{cite book|title=What is a googly?|last=Eastaway|first=Rob|publisher=Robson Books|year=2003|isbn=1-86105-629-X|page=[https://archive.org/details/whatisgoogly00robe/page/141 141]|url=https://archive.org/details/whatisgoogly00robe/page/141}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Cricket terminology]]
*[[Arm ball]]
*[[Doosra]]
*[[Leg break]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.teamtechnology.co.uk/metarasa/cricket/spin/the-complete-guide-to-bowling-off-spin/ The Complete Guide to Bowling Off Spin - teamtechnology]
* [https://wisdomtalkies.com/Sports/video-book/Cricket/Bowling/Spin/video/120/Off-spin-in-Cricket Off Spin Basics video - wisdomtalkies]
* [http://cricketcoachingblog.co.uk/2016/01/18/off-spin-bowling/ Off Spin Bowling - cricketcoachingblog] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200216195932/http://cricketcoachingblog.co.uk/2016/01/18/off-spin-bowling/ |date=2020-02-16 }}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Off Spin}}
[[Category:Cricket terminology]]
[[Category:Bowling (cricket)]]