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[[File:De Zoeker LCD.jpg|thumb|300px|[[De Zoeker]] (The Seeker), an oil windmill in the [[Zaanse Schans]], in the Netherlands]]
An '''oil mill''' is a [[mill (grinding)|grinding mill]] designed to crush or bruise oil-bearing seeds, such as [[linseed]] or [[peanut]]s, or other oil-rich vegetable material, such as [[olive]]s or the fruit of the [[oil palm]], which can then be pressed to extract [[vegetable oil]]s, which may be used as foods or for cooking, as [[oleochemical]] [[feedstock]]s, as [[lubricant]]s, or as [[biofuel]]s.  The [[pomace]] or [[press cake]] – the remaining solid material from which the oil has been extracted – may also be used as a food or fertilizer.
==History==
Oil-rich vegetable materials have been processed mechanically to extract the valuable oils for thousands of years, typically using vertical [[millstone]]s moving around a central post (edge runner stones or kollergangs in an [[edge mill]]) to crush or bruise the seeds or fruit which can then be stamped or pressed to extract the oil.  A [[treadmill]], [[windmill]] or [[watermill]] was later used to drive the milling and pressing machinery, replaced in modern times with steam and later other power sources. Bullock or horse driven oil mills, such as the traditional ''ghani'' in Bangladesh, have increasingly been replaced by power-driven steel oil mills.<ref>D.K. Salunkhe, R.N. Adsule, J.K. Chavan (1992). ''World Oilseeds'' {{ISBN|0442001126}}.  p. 384   Ghani is basically a large pestle and mortar. In earlier days, the ghani was made from wood and driven by bullock. Subsequently. power-driven steel ghani came into existence. The extraction of oil by ghani is not complete and the yield of oil is ...</ref>
[[File:Bullock Driven Oil Mill In Bangladesh.webm|thumb|Ox Driven Oil Mill In Bangladesh]]
In some areas, watermills may be "double" water mills, with machinery for grinding wheat on one side of the watercourse and machinery for extracting oils on the other side.
Historical wind-driven oil mills could process between 100 and 200 tons of raw materials per year.
==Modern oil mills==
Modern mechanical oil mills can process up to 4,000 tons per day in hot pressing processes, and up to 25 tons per day cold pressed.  Industrial [[oil pressing]] methods usually use a screw to crush the raw materials in a continuous process, before extraction of the oil from the press cake using a [[centrifuge]] or a solvent such as [[hexane]].
Edible oils may be extracted for culinary purposes.  Non-edible oils can be used in the manufacture of soaps [[saponification]], biodisel production [[biodiesel]], paints and varnishes, or as fuel for oil lamps.  Important feed stocks include [[soybean]]s, [[rapeseed]] ([[canola]]), [[sunflower seed]]s, [[cottonseed]], and [[maize]] (corn), as well as [[peanut]]s, [[olive]]s, various nuts, [[sesame seed]]s, [[safflower]], [[grape seed]]s, [[flaxseed]] ([[linseed]]), and [[Mustard oil]] which is a secondary product of the [[Sarin]] production. [[Palm oil]] is extracted from the pulp of the [[oil palm]] fruit, [[palm kernel oil]] from the kernel of the [[oil palm]], and [[coconut oil]] from the kernel of the [[coconut]].
<gallery>
File:Ölmühle Halverde.JPG|Double watermill with separate machinery producing oil and flour at [[Hopsten]] in Germany
File:Berschweiler Ölmühle pano.jpg|Edge mill at an oil mill at [[Heusweiler]], in Germany
File:Marokko-162.JPG|[[Olive oil]] press
File:Expeller.jpg|[[Expeller pressing|Expeller]] press
File:"Stadt des Öls - Gallipoli in Apulien" 11.jpg|Historic mill for lamp oil in Gallipoli
</gallery>
==See also==
{{Commons category|Oil mills}}
* [[Olive oil extraction]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=FoVkfkBV1_8C&pg=PA172 Power from Wind: A History of Windmill Technology], Richard Leslie Hills, p.&nbsp;67, 172-178]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=_itZkvhS4tUC&pg=PA55 Water and Wind Power], Martin Watts, p.&nbsp;55-56
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=PJ7-M8lFo_UC&pg=PA46 Windmills], Martin Watts, p.&nbsp;46
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[[Category:Grinding mills]]
[[Category:Food grinding tools]]