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{{short description|Offer to pay anyone who could demonstrate a paranormal ability}}
{{Overly detailed|date=August 2023}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2020}}
The '''One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge''' was an offer by the [[James Randi Educational Foundation]] (JREF) to pay out one million U.S. dollars to any famous person who could demonstrate a [[supernatural]] or [[paranormal]] ability under agreed-upon scientific testing criteria. A version of the challenge was first issued in 1964. Over a thousand people applied to take it, but none was successful. The challenge was terminated in 2015.<ref name=shut/><ref name=terminated/><ref name=retire/><ref name=rolling>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/james-randi-obituary-1079316/|title = James Randi, Famed Magician and Paranormal Skeptic, Dead at 92| magazine=[[Rolling Stone]] |date = October 22, 2020}}</ref><ref name=challenge>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/magazine/the-unbelievable-skepticism-of-the-amazing-randi.html?_r=0|title=The Unbelievable Skepticism of the Amazing Randi|newspaper=The New York Times|date=November 7, 2014|last1=Higginbotham|first1=Adam}}</ref>
== History ==
[[File:Preferred_official_head-shot_from_James_Randi_Educational_Foundation.jpg|thumb|James Randi, founder of the James Randi Educational Foundation]]
[[James Randi]] developed the idea for the challenge during a radio panel discussion when a parapsychologist challenged him to "put [his] money where [his] mouth is."<ref name="faq">{{cite web |title=JREF Challenge FAQ |url=http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge/challenge-faq.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121212064941/http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge/challenge-faq.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2012-12-12 |publisher=James Randi Educational Foundation |access-date=2012-12-18}}</ref> In 1964, Randi offered a $1,000 prize, soon increasing it to $10,000. Later, [[Lexington Broadcast Services Company|Lexington Broadcasting]] wanted Randi to do a show called the $100,000 Psychic Prize, so they added $90,000 to the original $10,000 raised by Randi. Finally, in 1996, one of his friends, Internet pioneer [[Rick Adams (Internet pioneer)|Rick Adams]], donated $1 million for the prize.<ref name = "SF-Weekly">{{cite web| title = The Demystifying Adventures of the Amazing Randi| url = http://www.sfweekly.com/2009-08-26/news/the-demystifying-adventures-of-the-amazing-randi/1| access-date = September 5, 2009| archive-date = October 11, 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121011200041/http://www.sfweekly.com/2009-08-26/news/the-demystifying-adventures-of-the-amazing-randi/1/| url-status = dead}}''SF Weekly'', August 24, 2009, online version, p. 2: "One of his friends, Internet pioneer Rick Adams, put up $1 million in 1996."</ref> The prize is sometimes referred to in the media as the "Randi Prize".
By April 1, 2007, only those with an already existing media profile and the backing of a reputable academic were allowed to apply for the challenge. It was hoped that the resources freed up by not having to test obscure and possibly [[mental illness|mentally ill]] claimants would then be used to challenge high-profile alleged psychics and mediums such as [[Sylvia Browne]] and [[John Edward]] with a campaign in the media.<ref name = "Wired2007">{{cite news | url = https://www.wired.com/news/technology/0,72482-0.html?tw=wn_index_1 | title = Skeptic Revamps $1M Psychic Prize | publisher = [[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |date=2007-01-12 |first=Kevin |last=Poulsen }}</ref>
On January 4, 2008, it was announced that the prize would be discontinued on March 6, 2010, in order to free the money for other uses. In the meantime, claimants were welcome to vie for it. One of the reasons offered for its discontinuation is the unwillingness of higher-profile claimants to apply.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/swift-blog/144-swift-january-4-2008.html#i4 |title=SWIFT Newsletter January 4, 2008 |publisher=Randi.org |access-date=2014-06-12}}</ref> However, at ''The Amazing Meeting 7'', it was announced that the $1 Million Challenge prize would not expire in 2010.  The Foundation issued a formal update on its website on July 30, 2009, announcing the Challenge's continuation, and stated more information would be provided at a later date on any possible changes to the requirements and procedures.<ref>{{cite web| title = Million Dollar Challenge Update: It's not ending!| url = http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/jref-news/640-million-dollar-challenge-update-its-not-ending.html| access-date = July 30, 2009}} Announcement by Director Phil Plait on July 29, 2009</ref>
As an [[April Fool's]] prank on April 1, 2008, at the [[MIT Media Lab]], Randi pretended to award the prize to magician Seth Raphael after participating in a test of Raphael's "psychic abilities".<ref>{{cite web|last=Raphael|first=Seth|title=Seth Raphael claims Randi's Million Dollar Challenge|website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_0E1XJP33E  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/c_0E1XJP33E |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live|access-date=2013-04-11 |date=2008-04-01}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
On March 8, 2011, the JREF announced that qualifications were being altered to open the challenge to more applicants. Whereas applicants were previously required to submit press clippings and a letter from an academic institution to qualify, the new rules now require applicants to present either press clippings, a letter from an academic institution, or a public video demonstrating their ability. The JREF explained that these new rules would give people without media or academic documentation a way to be considered for testing, and would allow the JREF to use online video and social media to reach a wider audience.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/jref-news/1239-mdc-changes.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110312070220/http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/jref-news/1239-mdc-changes.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-03-12 |author=Crabtree, Sadie |title=JREF's $1,000,000 Paranormal Challenge Now Easier Than Ever |publisher=James Randi Educational Foundation |date=2011-03-09}}</ref>
Since the challenge was first created by Randi in 1964, about a thousand people applied, but none were successful.<ref name="faq"/> Randi has said that few unsuccessful applicants ever seriously considered that their failure to perform might be due to the nonexistence of the power they believe they possess.<ref>[https://archive.org/download/Penn_Radio_archive/The.Penn.Jillette.Radio.Show.2007.02.08.mp3 James Randi interview] on [[Penn Radio]], 2007-02-08</ref><ref name=rolling/>
In January 2015, James Randi announced that he was officially retiring and stepping down from his position with the JREF.<ref name=retire>{{cite web |url=http://web.randi.org/home/archives/01-2015 |title=An AMAZ!NG adventure… to be continued |author=James Randi |publisher=James Randi Educational Foundation |date=2015-01-28 |access-date=2015-12-10}}</ref> In September 2015, JREF announced that their board had decided that it would convert the foundation into a grant-making foundation, and they will no longer accept applications directly from people claiming to have a paranormal power.<ref name=shut>{{cite web |url=http://web.randi.org/home/jref-status |title=JREF Status |author=The Board of Directors of JREF, Chip Denman and Rick Adams |publisher=James Randi Educational Foundation |date=2015-09-01 |access-date=2015-12-10}}</ref> In 2015 the James Randi paranormal challenge was officially terminated.<ref name="terminated">{{Cite web|url=https://web.randi.org/the-million-dollar-challenge.html|title=The Million Dollar Challenge|website=JREF|language=en|access-date=2020-04-11}}</ref>
== Rules and judging ==
{{more citations needed|date=February 2019}}
[[File:MDC 2012 test.jpg|thumb|A TAM 2012 applicant claimed that a wristband product could improve a person's balance. Here, [[James Underdown]] (back to camera) has his balance performance tested during the preliminary test phase of the challenge.]]
The official challenge rules stipulated that the participant must agree, in writing, to the conditions and criteria of their test. Claims that cannot be tested experimentally are not eligible for the Challenge. Claimants were able to influence all aspects of the testing procedure and participants during the initial negotiation phase of the challenge. Applications for any challenges that might cause serious injury or death were not accepted.<ref name="faq"/>
To ensure that the experimental conditions themselves did not negatively affect a claimant's ability to perform, non-blinded preliminary control tests are often performed. For example, the JREF had [[dowsing|dowsers]] perform a control test, in which the dowser attempts to locate the target substance or object using their dowsing ability, even though the target's location has been revealed to the applicant. Failure to display a 100% success rate in the open test would cause their immediate disqualification. However, claimants were usually able to perform successfully during the open test, confirming that experimental conditions are adequate.{{citation needed|date=February 2019}}
Claimants agreed to readily observable success criteria prior to the test, results were unambiguous and clearly indicated whether or not the criteria have been met. Randi had said that he need not participate in any way with the actual execution of the test, and he has been willing to travel far from the test location to avoid the perception that his anti-paranormal bias could influence the test results.<ref>{{cite web|title=Challenge Info|url=http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130402125827/http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-02|publisher=JREF|access-date=2013-04-10}}</ref>
The discussions between the JREF and applicants were at one time posted on a public discussion board.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internationalskeptics.com/forums/forumdisplay.php?f=43 |title=Challenge Applications |publisher=International Skeptics Forum |access-date=10 June 2016}}</ref> After the resignation of Randi's assistant [[Kramer (musician)|Mark Kramer]] and subsequent changes to challenge rules—requiring applicants to have demonstrated considerable notability—new applications were no longer logged.
[[File:James Randi discusses the Million Dollar Challenge.webm|thumb|James Randi discusses the Million Dollar Challenge 2008]]
== Example of a test (dowsing) ==
In 1979, Randi tested four people in Italy for [[dowsing]] ability. The prize at the time was $10,000. The conditions were that a {{convert|10|by|10|meter|adj=on|sp=us}} test area would be used. There would be a water supply and a reservoir just outside the test area. There would be three plastic pipes running underground from the source to the reservoir along different concealed paths. Each pipe would pass through the test area by entering at some point on an edge and exiting at some point on an edge. A pipe would not cross itself but it might cross others. The pipes were {{convert|3|cm|abbr=off|sp=us}} in diameter and were buried {{convert|50|cm|abbr=on}} below ground. Valves would select which of the pipes water was running through, and only one would be selected at a time. At least {{convert|5|L/s|abbr=off|sp=us}} of water would flow through the selected pipe. The dowser must first check the area to see if there is any natural water or anything else that would interfere with the test, and that would be marked. Additionally, the dowser must demonstrate that the dowsing reaction works on an exposed pipe with the water running. Then one of the three pipes would be selected randomly for each trial. The dowser would place ten to one hundred pegs in the ground along the path he or she traces as the path of the active pipe. Two-thirds of the pegs placed by the dowser must be within {{convert|10|cm|abbr=on}} of the center of the pipe being traced for the trial to be a success. Three trials would be done for the test of each dowser and the dowser must pass two of the three trials to pass the test. A lawyer was present, in possession of Randi's $10,000 check.  If a claimant were successful, the lawyer would give him the check.  If none were successful, the check would be returned to Randi.
All of the dowsers agreed with the conditions of the test and stated that they felt able to perform the test that day and that the water flow was sufficient. Before the test they were asked how sure they were that they would succeed. All said either "99 percent" or "100 percent" certain. They were asked what they would conclude if the water flow was 90 degrees from what they thought it was and all said that it was impossible. After the test they were asked how confident they were that they had passed the test. Three answered "100 percent" and one answered that he had not completed the test.
When all of the tests were over and the location of the pipes was revealed, none of the dowsers had passed the test. Dr. Borga had placed his markers carefully, but the nearest was a full {{convert|8|ft|sp=us|order=flip}} from the water pipe. Borga said, "We are lost", but within two minutes he started blaming his failure on many things such as [[sunspot]]s and [[Earth's magnetic field|geomagnetic]] variables. Two of the dowsers thought they had found natural water before the test started, but disagreed with each other about where it was, as well as with the ones who found no natural water.<ref>{{cite book|last=Randi|first=James|author-link=James Randi|title=Flim-Flam!|year=1982|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-0879751982|pages=307–324}}</ref>
== Criticism ==
Astronomer [[Dennis Rawlins]] described the challenge as insincere, saying that Randi would ensure he never had to pay out. In the October 1981 issue of [[Fate (magazine)|''Fate'']], Rawlins quoted him as saying "I always have an out".<ref name = "fate-starbaby">{{cite journal | last = Rawlins | first = Dennis | author-link = Dennis Rawlins |date=October 1981 | title = sTARBABY | journal = Fate | issue =  34 }} Reprinted in {{cite web | url = http://cura.free.fr/xv/14starbb.html | title = sTARBABY | publisher = Centre Universitaire de Recherche en Astrologie (The International Astrology Research Center) | access-date=2006-09-09}}</ref> Randi stated that Rawlins did not give the entire quotation, and actually said "Concerning the challenge, I always have an 'out': I'm right!"<ref>Swift newsletter, vol. 2 no. 2, 1998 (p. 3)</ref>
Self-proclaimed psychic [[Rosemary Altea]] suggested the one million dollars prize fund did not exist, or was in the form of pledges or promissory notes.<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0701/26/lkl.01.html "Interview with Larry Birkhead"] ''Larry King Live'', CNN, 2007-01-26</ref> The JREF stated that the million dollars was in the form of negotiable bonds within a "James Randi Educational Foundation Prize Account" and that validation of the account and the prize amount could be supplied on demand. The money was held in an [[Evercore]] Wealth Management account.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.randi.org/site/images/stories/evercore.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330232310/http://www.randi.org/site/images/stories/evercore.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=2014-03-30 |title=Million Dollar Challenge financial statement |access-date=2014-06-12}}</ref>
== Challenges ==
=== Refusals to be tested ===
On ''Larry King Live'', March 6, 2001, [[Larry King]] asked psychic [[Sylvia Browne]] if she would take the challenge and she agreed.<ref>[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0103/06/lkl.00.html "Are Psychics for Real?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112141825/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0103/06/lkl.00.html |date=January 12, 2020 }} [[CNN]].com transcripts, March 6, 2001</ref> Randi appeared with Browne again on ''Larry King Live'' on September 3, 2001, and she again accepted the challenge.<ref name = "CNN09032001">{{cite news | url = http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0109/03/lkl.00.html | title = Are Psychics Real? | publisher = CNN/[[Larry King Live]] |date=September 3, 2001 | first = Larry | last = King |author-link=Larry King| access-date = 2006-08-18}}</ref> However, she refused to be tested and Randi kept a clock on his website recording the number of weeks that had passed since Browne accepted the challenge without following through. Eventually the clock was replaced with text stating that "over 5 years" had passed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.randi.org/sylvia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430151706/http://www.randi.org/sylvia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-04-30 |title=The Sylvia Browne Clock |publisher=Randi.org |access-date=2010-05-13}}</ref> Browne died in 2013.
In an appearance on ''Larry King Live'' on January 26, 2007, Randi challenged psychic Rosemary Altea to take the one-million-dollar challenge. During Altea and Randi's June 5, 2001 meeting on the same show, Altea refused to take the challenge, calling it "a trick". Instead Altea, in part, replied "I agree with what he says, that there are many, many people who claim to be spiritual mediums, they claim to talk to the dead. There are many, people, we all know this. There are cheats and charlatans everywhere." Randi's response was to suggest that Altea was also one of the "cheats and charlatans".<ref name="transcripts.cnn.com">[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0106/05/lkl.00.html Spiritual Medium Versus Paranormal Skeptic] ([[Rosemary Altea]] versus [[James Randi]]) on [[Larry King Live]] June 5, 2001</ref>
In an appearance on ITV's ''[[This Morning (TV program)|This Morning]]'', on September 27, 2011, magician [[Paul Zenon]] challenged Welsh psychic Leigh Catherine (aka Leigh-Catherine Salway) to take the one million dollar challenge and she accepted. [[Phillip Schofield]], a ''This Morning'' host, stated that the program would pay for her flights to the US to be tested.<ref>{{cite web|title=Good Morning TV Clip| website=[[YouTube]] |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_hit23Tyak |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211220/-_hit23Tyak |archive-date=2021-12-20 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Salway subsequently backed out of the challenge, claiming it was "dodgy" and "set up to make it impossible to pass".<ref>{{cite tweet|user=PsychicLC|author=Leigh-Catherine|number=119475434030243840|date=29 September 2011|title=Had a very interesting email re the Randi challenge today. As expected – dodgy as legally & set up to make it impossible to pass !}}</ref>
=== Rejected applicants ===
Randi rejected an application from Rico Kolodzey, a [[Inedia|breatharian]] who claimed to have survived without food since 1998. In 2006, Randi agreed to test Kolodzey's claims, but the two parties were unable to agree on the venue and method of the test.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://svenska.yle.fi/artikel/2015/04/16/en-hederlig-lognare|title=En hederlig lögnare|author=Marcus Rosenlund|work=yle.fi}}</ref>
Members of a group from Bali, referring to themselves as Yellow Bamboo, claimed one of their number, Pak Nyoman Serengen, could knock down an attacker at a distance, using only a piece of yellow [[bamboo]]. Video clips on their website showed a crowd of students running at Serengen, and falling to the ground when (or, in some cases, slightly before) Serengen extended his hand and shouted. The JREF arranged volunteers to carry out a preliminary investigation, but after the Yellow Bamboo group "threw every sort of obstacle in the way of that plan", Randi announced that he was terminating further involvement with them. A local volunteer contacted Randi offering to investigate the group unofficially. A low-resolution video showed the investigator being knocked to the ground during a preliminary test. The JREF pointed out that the test was not conducted according to the proposed protocol, with multiple flaws in the execution including being carried out at night.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.randi.org/jr/100303.html |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090710052036/http://www.randi.org/jr/100303.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-07-10 |title=Rejection of Yellow Bamboo's claim |publisher=Randi.org |date=2003-10-03 |access-date=2009-06-15}}</ref> Upon viewing a set of still shots from the incident, several people experienced with stun-guns suggested that an [[electroshock weapon]] could have been used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.randi.org/jr/101703.html |archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090709232203/http://www.randi.org/jr/101703.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2009-07-09 |title=Yellow Bamboo may have used a stun gun to achieve his results |publisher=Randi.org |date=2003-10-17 |access-date=2009-06-15}}</ref>
===Tests at The Amazing Meeting===
In July 2009, Danish psychic/dowser Connie Sonne was given the chance to prove her dowsing ability. She was asked to dowse some randomly selected cards hidden in envelopes and lost the challenge by selecting other incorrect ones. In an interview with [[Mark Edward]] afterward, she insisted that she lost merely because, "…it wasn't time yet for my powers to be revealed."<ref name=markedward/>
In July 2014, Chinese salesman Fei Wang was tested in front of an audience of 600 at the conclusion of [[The Amazing Meeting]] in Las Vegas. Wang said that from his right hand, he could transmit a mysterious force a distance of {{convert|3|ft|cm|abbr=off|sp=us|order=flip}}, unhindered by wood, metal, plastic or cardboard. The energy, he said, could be felt by others as heat, pressure, magnetism, or simply "an indescribable change." A total of nine people were selected by Wang as subjects who would be able to determine whether they were receiving the force from his hand. On stage, Wang and a control person were behind a curtain, and the subjects were in front of the curtain with eyes and ears covered so as not to be able to deduce who was behind the curtain. A colored ball was chosen randomly to determine whether Wang or the control person would go first, and in that order they tried to transmit the energy onto the subject's hand (hidden from their view inside a cardboard box). The subject then stated whether she had felt any energy and whether it came from the first or second person. Wang needed to be the person selected by at least 8 of the 9 subjects in order to win the million dollars. After both of the first two subjects failed to choose Wang, the challenge was over. Wang stated that he would try again the next year, saying, "This energy is mysterious".<ref>{{cite news|last1=Higginbotham|first1=Adam|title=The Unbelievable Skepticism of the Amazing Randi|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/09/magazine/the-unbelievable-skepticism-of-the-amazing-randi.html?_r=0|work=[[New York Times Magazine]]|date=November 7, 2014|access-date=2014-11-10}}</ref>
Tech journalist Lee Hutchinson approached the JREF after writing an article for ''Ars Technica'' about directional [[Ethernet]] cables that claim to "keep your audio signal completely free of electromagnetic interference". At the 2015 Amazing Meeting, the MDC set up a controlled double-blind demonstration with volunteers listening to two identical recordings with a randomly selected Ethernet cable, a normal one or the cable claiming to improve the listening experience. After seven volunteers (1 hit, 1 miss and 5 hearing no difference), the demonstration was ended as they were unable to select the "enhanced" cable over the common cable enough times to satisfy the testing protocols.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hutchinson|first1=Lee|title=From the Minds of ARS to the audiophile, this $10,000 Ethernet cable apparently makes sense in reality, one-way silver cable does nothing but make "audiophools" poorer|url=https://arstechnica.com/staff/2015/02/to-the-audiophile-this-10000-ethernet-cable-apparently-makes-sense/|website=Ars Technica|date=February 10, 2015|access-date=July 25, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = The audiophile's dilemma: strangers can't identify $340 cables, either|url = https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/even-vegas-strangers-agree-340-audiophile-cables-make-no-difference/|access-date = 2015-07-31|date = 2015-07-30}}</ref>
{|width="100%" border="1" class="wikitable"
|-valign="top"
!'''Year'''
!'''Challenger'''
!'''Purported Ability'''
!'''Test'''
!'''Results'''
!'''Notes'''
|-valign="top"
|2007
|Derek Ogilvie
|Mediumship
|Identify which one out of ten toys is being used by a child at a particular time.
|Failed
|
|-valign="top"
|2009
|Connie Sonne
|Dowsing (Pendulum)
|Identify playing cards in sealed envelope.
|Failed<ref name=markedward>{{cite web|first=Mark|last=Edward|author-link=Mark Edward|title=Connie's Conundrums|url=http://www.skepticblog.org/2009/07/13/connies-conundrums/|publisher=Skeptic Blog|access-date=September 1, 2013}}</ref>
|
|-valign="top"
|2010
|Anita Ikonen
|Medical dowsing
|Determine by observation which of five subjects was missing a kidney.
|Failed
|Billed as "demonstration" not "test"
|-valign="top"
|2011
|colspan="5"|No challenger available
|-
|-
|-
|-valign="top"
|2012
|Andrew Needles
|Performance-enhancing bracelet
|Distinguish participants wearing real product significant number of times.
|Failed
|
|-valign="top"
|2013
|Brahim Addoun
|Remote viewing
|Remotely identify 3 of 20 objects.
|Failed
|
|-valign="top
|2014
|Fei Wang
|Sending energy through his hand that can be felt by another person.
|The energy should be felt by the target person correctly eight out of nine times.
|Failed
|
|-valign="top
|2015
|No claimant – "Demonstration test"
|[[Ethernet]] cables that are claimed to be "directional".
|Volunteers were played sound twice and were asked to determine which cable had the highest sound quality.
|Failed
|
|}
<gallery>
File:Million Dollar Challenge - Connie Sonne.jpg|Connie Sonne and [[Banachek]] at TAM 2009
File:Challenge 234.jpg|[[Hal Bidlack]], [[Derek Colanduno]] and others are "viewed" by paranormal applicant for a missing kidney – 2010.
File:MillionDollarChallenge2012.jpg|Performance-enhancing bracelet at TAM 2012
File:TAM11-3163.jpg|The 3 remote viewing objects from TAM 2013
File:TAM11-3125.jpg|[[Richard Saunders (skeptic)|Richard Saunders]] in remote viewing room at TAM 2013
File:MDC 2014.jpg|Fei Wang is applicant, [[Banachek]] and [[Richard Saunders (skeptic)|Richard Saunders]] are assisting TAM 2014
File:MDC TAM13.jpg |Demonstration test of [[Ethernet]] cables TAM13 – Grace Denman and volunteers – 2015
</gallery>
== See also ==
* [[Australian Skeptics#$100,000 Prize|Australian Skeptics $100,000 Prize]]
* [[List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal]]
* [[Puzzling World#Psychic challenge|Stuart Landsborough's Psychic challenge]]
* [[SKEPP]]
* ''[[An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural]]'' (by Randi)
== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge.html }}
** {{cite web |url= http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge.html |title= One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge |website= JREF |url-status= dead |archive-date= January 21, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140121112147/http://www.randi.org/site/index.php/1m-challenge.html }}
* {{cite web |url= https://web.randi.org/home/jref-status |title= JREF Status |website= JREF |date= Sep 1, 2015}}
{{Skeptic Organizations}}
{{pseudoscience}}
{{James Randi}}
[[Category:1996 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:2015 disestablishments in the United States]]
[[Category:Prizes for proof of paranormal phenomena]]