View source for Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)

{{EngvarB|date=April 2024}}
{{Short description|British royal order of chivalry}}
{{About|the modern order chartered in the 19th century|the Catholic military Order of Saint John|Knights Hospitaller}}
{{Infobox order
| title       = Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem
| image       = [[File:Star - Venerable Order of St John.jpg|175px]]
| caption     = Breast star of a Knight of Grace<br/>of the Order of St John
| type        = [[Chivalric order|Order of chivalry]]
|established=1888
| motto       = {{lang|la|Pro Fide Pro Utilitate Hominum}}<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=10, s. 3}}</ref>
| day         = 24 June<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=10, s. 2.1.k}}</ref><br/>(Feast of John the Baptist)
| eligibility = Service to the order
| criteria    =
| status      = Extant
| head_title  = Sovereign Head
| head        = [[Charles III]]
| head2_title = Grand Prior
| head2       = [[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester|The Duke of Gloucester]]
| head3_title = Lord Prior
| head3       = Professor Mark Compton
| grades      = {{Plainlist}}
* Bailiff/Dame Grand Cross (GCStJ)
* Knight/Dame of Justice or Knight/Dame of Grace (KStJ/DStJ)
* Commander/Chaplain (CStJ/ChStJ)
* Officer (OStJ)
* Member (MStJ)
{{Endplainlist}}
| date        =
| total       =
| higher      = [[#Order of wear|Dependent on State]]
| lower       = [[#Order of wear|Dependent on State]]
| image2      = [[File:Order of St John (UK) ribbon -vector.svg|100px]]
| caption2    = Ribbon of the order
}}
The '''Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem''' ({{langx|fr|l'Ordre très vénérable de l'Hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem}}),{{#tag:ref|For use in Canada, in accordance with [[official bilingualism in Canada|the country's policy of official bilingualism]].|group=n|name=Lingo}} commonly known as the '''Order of St John''',{{sfn|Elizabeth II|2004|p=6}} and also known as '''St John International''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Our History |url=http://orderofstjohn.ritdns.com/our-history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140827050620/http://orderofstjohn.ritdns.com/our-history |archive-date=2014-08-27 |access-date=26 August 2014 |publisher=St John International |quote=The Order of St John, now known as St John International}}</ref> is an [[order of chivalry]] constituted in 1888 by [[royal charter]] from [[Queen Victoria]] and dedicated to [[St John the Baptist]].
The order traces its origins back to the [[Knights Hospitaller]] in the Middle Ages, the oldest surviving [[Order of chivalry|chivalric order]] which is generally considered to be founded in [[Jerusalem]] in 1099, which was later known as the [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta|Order of Malta]]. A faction of them emerged in France in the 1820s and moved to Britain in the early 1830s, where, after operating under a succession of [[grand prior]]s and different names, it became associated with the founding in 1882 of the [[St John Ophthalmic Hospital]] near the [[Old City (Jerusalem)|old city of Jerusalem]] and the [[St John Ambulance|St John Ambulance Brigade]] in 1887.
The order is found throughout the [[Commonwealth of Nations]],<ref name="OSTJ">{{Cite web |title=Who We Are |url=http://www.orderofstjohn.org/who-we-are |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090609150450/http://www.orderofstjohn.org/who-we-are |archive-date=9 June 2009 |access-date=9 August 2009 |publisher=The Order of St. John}}</ref> [[Hong Kong]], the [[Republic of Ireland]], and the [[United States|United States of America]],<ref name="StJCan">{{Cite web |title=Canada Wide > About Us > The Order of St. John |url=http://www.sja.ca/Canada/AboutUs/TheOrder/Pages/default.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927161851/http://www.sja.ca/Canada/AboutUs/TheOrder/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=27 September 2013 |access-date=10 August 2009 |publisher=St. John Ambulance Canada}}</ref> with the worldwide mission "to prevent and relieve sickness and injury, and to act to enhance the health and well-being of people anywhere in the world."<ref name=StJCan/> The order's approximately 25,000 members, known as [[wikt:confrère|confrères]],<ref name=OSTJ/> are mostly of the [[Protestant]] faith, though those of other [[Christianity|Christian]] [[religious denomination|denomination]]s, as well as adherents of other religions are accepted into the order. Except via appointment to certain government or ecclesiastical offices in some [[realm]]s, membership is by invitation only and individuals may not petition for admission.
The Order of St John is perhaps best known for the health organisations it founded and continues to run, including [[St John Ambulance]] and [[St John Eye Hospital Group]]. As with the order, the memberships and work of these organisations are not constricted by denomination or religion. The order is a constituent member of the [[Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem]]. Its headquarters are in London and it is a [[charitable organisation|registered charity]] under [[English law]].<ref>{{EW charity|235979|The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem (The Order of St John)}}</ref>[[File:Order of St John Flag.png|thumb|{{center|Flag of the Order of St John}}]][[File:Coat of Arms of the Order of St John.png|thumb|{{center|[[Escutcheon (heraldry)|Arms]] of the Order of St John}}]]
==History==
===Emergence===
In the 1820s, those [[Knights Hospitaller|Knights of Malta]] residing in France granted knighthoods to certain people of various Christian denominations who provided support to the Order in England.<ref>{{cite book |title=Notes for New Members of the Order of St John |date=2024 |publisher=Venerable Order of St John |page=3|quotation=In the 1820s the Knights of Malta living in France offered knighthoods to specific people supporting the Order in Great Britain, irrespective of their Christian denomination.}}</ref>
In 1823, the Council of the French Langues—a French state-backed and hosted faction{{sfn|Riley-Smith|2013|p=55}} of the Order of Malta (Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta)—sought to raise through private subscription sufficient money to restore a territorial base for the Order of Malta and aid the [[Greek War of Independence]].{{sfn|Riley-Smith|2013|p=55}} This was to be achieved by issuing bonds in London to form a [[mercenary]] army of [[demobilised]] British soldiers using readily available, cheap war surplus. A deal transferring various [[Greek islands|islands]] to the Order of Malta, including [[Rhodes]] when captured, was struck with the [[First Hellenic Republic|Greek rebels]],{{sfn|Sire|1996|p=249}} but, ultimately, the attempt to raise money failed when details leaked to the press, the [[House of Bourbon|French monarchy]] withdrew its backing of the Council, and the bankers refused the loan.{{sfn|Sire|1996|p=249}}
The Council was re-organised and the [[Marie Louis Descorches|Marquis de Sainte-Croix du Molay]] (previously number two of the Council and a former Order of Malta administrator in Spain{{sfn|Riley-Smith|2013|p=55}}) became its head. In June 1826, a second attempt was made to raise money to restore a Mediterranean homeland for the Order when Philippe de Castellane, a [[France|French]] [[Knight of Malta]], was appointed by the Council to negotiate with supportive persons in Britain. [[Scotland|Scotsman]] [[Currie baronets|Donald Currie]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Burke's Peerage – The Official Website |url=http://burkespeerage.com/ |access-date=2019-07-04 |website=burkespeerage.com |language=en}}</ref> was in 1827 given the authority to raise £240,000. Anyone who subscribed to the project and all commissioned [[Officer (armed forces)|officer]]s of the mercenary army were offered the opportunity of being appointed knights of the Order. Few donations were attracted, though, and the Greek War of Independence was won without the help of the [[knight]]s of the Council of the French Langues. Castellane and Currie were then allowed by the French Council to form the Council of the English Langue, which was inaugurated on 12 January 1831, under the executive control of Alejandro, conde de Mortara, a [[Spanish nobility|Spanish aristocrat]]. It was headquartered at what Mortara called the "[[Langue (Knights Hospitaller)|Auberge]] of St John",<ref>{{Cite web |title=Religious Houses: House of Knights hospitallers &#124; British History Online |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol1/pp193-204 |website=www.british-history.ac.uk}}</ref> [[St John's Gate, Clerkenwell]].{{sfn|Riley-Smith|1994|pp=124–5}} This was the Old Jerusalem Tavern, a [[public house]] occupying what had once been a [[gatehouse]] to the ancient [[Clerkenwell Priory]],{{sfn|Temple|2008|loc=}}<ref>[http://deadpubs.co.uk/LondonPubs/Clerkenwell/OldJerusalemTavern.shtml Old Jerusalem Tavern, 1 St Johns Square, Clerkenwell, London], [http://deadpubs.co.uk The Historical street & Pub History directory of London, Essex, Kent, Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Middlesex, Suffolk, Berkshire, Buckinghamshire, Sussex, Oxfordshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Devon, Somerset & Dorset.]{{full citation needed|date=March 2015}}</ref> the [[Middle Ages|medieval]] Grand Priory of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], otherwise known as the Knights of Saint John. The creation of the [[Langue (Knights Hospitaller)|langue]] has been regarded either as a revival of the Knights Hospitaller<ref>{{Citation |title=Encyclopedia Britannica |year=1966 |url=http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/luke.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020205337/http://www.orderstjohn.org/osj/luke.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-date=October 20, 2007 |access-date=28 March 2015 |chapter=The Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem |edition=14th |place=Washington |publisher=Benton Foundation}}</ref> or the establishment of a new order.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Military Orders |url=http://www.ritterhaus.ch/en/ritterhaus_ritterorden.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102426/http://www.ritterhaus.ch/en/ritterhaus_ritterorden.php |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=26 March 2015 |publisher=[[Ritterhaus Bubikon]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Ellul |first=Max J. |title=The Sword and the Green Cross: The Saga of the Knights of Saint Lazarus from the Crusades to the 21st Century |publisher=AuthorHouse |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-4567-1420-8 |location=Bloomington |page=304}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem |url=http://www.theorderofaustralia.asn.au/quiet_australians/database/extra/extra383.pdf |access-date=28 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193213/http://www.theorderofaustralia.asn.au/quiet_australians/database/extra/extra383.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead |publisher=The Order of Australia Association}}</ref>
[[File:Three views on one plate of the Priory of St John of Jerusalem in Clerkenwell by Wenceslaus Hollar.jpg|thumb|left|Priory of St John at Clerkenwell, London in 1661, by [[Wenceslaus Hollar]]]]
[[The Reverend]] [[Sir]] [[Robert Peat]], the absentee [[perpetual curate]] of [[Brentford#Saint Lawrence's Church|St Lawrence, Brentford]], in [[Middlesex]], and one of the many former [[Royal chaplain|chaplains]] to [[George IV of the United Kingdom|Prince George]] ([[Prince regent#Prince Regent in the United Kingdom|Prince Regent]] and later King George IV), had been recruited by the Council as a member of the society in 1830. On 29 January 1831, in the presence of [[House of Castellane|Philip de Castellane]] and the [[Agent-General]] of the [[Tongue (Knights Hospitaller)|French Langues]], Peat was elected prior ''ad interim''.{{sfn|King|1924|p=113}} Then, on the grounds that he had been selling knighthoods, Peat and other English members of the organisation expelled Mortara, with the backing of the Council of the French Langues, leading to the existence of two competing English chivalric groups between early 1832 and Mortara's disappearance in 1837. On 24 February 1834, three years after becoming prior ''ad interim'', in order to publicly reaffirm his claim to the office of Prior and in the hope of reviving a charter of [[Mary I of England|Queen Mary I]] dealing with the original English branch of the Order of Malta, Peat took the oath ''[[de fideli administratione]]'' in the [[Court of the King's Bench]], before the [[Lord Chief Justice of England|Lord Chief Justice]].{{sfn|King|1924|p=113}}{{sfn|Riley-Smith|1994|pp=125–6}} Peat was thus credited as being the first ''[[Grand Prior]]'' of the association, but in January 1919 "W.B.H." wrote to the journal ''[[Notes & Queries]]'': "His name is not in the knights' lists, and he was never 'Prior in the Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem': he became an ordinary member of that Order on Nov. 11, 1830."<ref>{{Cite journal |last=W.B.H. |date=January 1919 |title=Rev. Sir Robert Peat |url=https://academic.oup.com/nq/article-abstract/s12-V/88/23/4289090 |journal=Notes & Queries |location=London |publisher=Oxford Journals |volume=5 |issue=12 |page=23 |doi=10.1093/nq/s12-V.88.23-d |doi-broken-date=1 November 2024 |issn=0029-3970}}</ref>
[[File:Saint John's Gate Clerkenwell the main gateway to the Priory of Saint John of Jerusalem 1880.jpg|thumb|[[St John's Gate, Clerkenwell|St John's Gate]], [[London]], in 1880]]
Sir Robert Peat died in April 1837 and [[Henry Dymoke|Sir Henry Dymoke]] was appointed Grand Prior and re-established contact with the knights in [[France]] and [[Germany]], into which the group had by that time expanded.{{sfn|Riley-Smith|1994|pp=126–8}} However, until the late 1830s, only the English arm of the organisation had considered itself to be a grand priory and langue of the Order of St John, having never been recognised as such by the established order. Dymoke sought to rectify this by seeking acknowledgement from the headquarters of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]], but its then [[Lieutenant]] [[Grand Master (order)|Grand Master]], [[House of Mansfeld|Philippe de Colloredo-Mansfeld]], refused the request. In response to this rebuff, the English body declared itself to be the Sovereign Order of St John in England, under the title The Sovereign and Illustrious Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, Anglia,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=William Barwell |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/37d3aba4-cb3d-4ca8-ad10-5f26acfda4dd |title=Heraldic notes by William Barwell Turner |language=English |access-date=19 December 2022}}</ref> thereby emphasising the order's independence and claim to direct and continuous succession from the Order of St John that was established in the 11th century. This new entity grew its membership over the ensuing three decades and, in 1861, [[William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester]], agreed to become its grand prior. Additionally, an associated national [[Knights Hospitaller|hospitaller]] organisation was formed with a [[corps]] of [[ambulance]]s.
===Order of St John of Jerusalem in Great Britain===
In 1871, the Duke of Manchester instituted a new constitution, which again changed the order's name, offering the more modest Order of Saint John of Jerusalem in England, abandoning the pretension to the title of "Sovereign Order".<ref>Guy Stair Sainty, Rafal Heydel-Mankoo, ''World Orders of Knighthood and Merit'', Vol. 1 (2006), p. 81</ref> Five years later, [[Alexandra of Denmark|Princess Alexandra]] was appointed a [[Dame|Lady of Justice]], and this was followed by her husband, [[Edward VII|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] (later King Edward VII) becoming a Knight.<ref>{{Cite book |title=[[Burke's Peerage|Burke's Peerage & Baronetage]] |date=1970 |publisher=Burke's Peerage Ltd |editor-last=Townend |editor-first=Peter |edition=105th |location=London |page=lxvii (ROYAL LINEAGE)}}</ref> Two years later, [[Sir Edmund Lechmere, 3rd Baronet|Sir Edmund Lechmere]] bought St John's Gate as the order's headquarters; the property was initially leased from Lechmere, before the order acquired the freehold in 1887.{{sfn|Temple|2008|loc=}} In 1877, the order established various [[St John Ambulance]] associations in major railway centres and mining districts, so that railway men and colliers could learn how to treat victims of accidents with [[first aid]]; in 1882, the Grand Priory founded a [[hospice]] and [[Ophthalmology|ophthalmic]] [[dispensary]] in [[Jerusalem]] (known today as the [[St John Eye Hospital Group|St John of Jerusalem Eye Hospital Group]]); and, by 1887, had established the [[St John Ambulance Brigade]], which undertook practical and life-saving work.
The name given in 1888, when the order was first constituted as the present order of chivalry by [[Queen Victoria]]'s [[royal charter]] was Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England. This was changed by the royal charter of 1926 to the Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem and further in 1936 to the Grand Priory in the British Realm of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem.<ref>{{Citation |last=Elizabeth II |title=Royal Charters and Statutes of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem |page=3 |publication-date=2004 |year=1955 |editor-last=Elizabeth II |url=http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/Order_of_St%20John_Charters_and_Statutes.pdf |access-date=9 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613035402/http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/Order_of_St%20John_Charters_and_Statutes.pdf |archive-date=13 June 2011 |url-status=dead |series=Preamble |chapter=Royal Charter, 1955 |publication-place=Westminster |publisher=Queen's Printer |author-link=Elizabeth II |editor-link=Elizabeth II}}</ref> In 1961, it played a role, together with the [[Protestant]] [[Continental Europe|Continental]] branches of the original [[Knights Hospitaller#Successors of the Knights Hospitaller|Order of Saint John]] (the "[[Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)|Johanniter Orders]]" in Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and elsewhere), in the establishment of the [[Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem]] and thereafter finally received (through an agreement in 1963) collateral recognition by the Order of Malta. Its most recent royal charter was granted in 1955, with a supplemental charter issued in 1974,<ref name="OSTJStruct">{{Cite web |title=Who We Are > About the Order > Structure and Governance |url=http://www.orderofstjohn.org/structure |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090827120016/http://www.orderofstjohn.org/structure |archive-date=27 August 2009 |access-date=9 August 2009 |publisher=The Order of St John}}</ref> recognising the worldwide scope of the organisation by setting its present name. In 1999, the order received [[Consultative status|special consultative status]] from the [[United Nations Economic and Social Council]].<ref name="StJCan" />
==Structure==
[[File:King George V of the United Kingdom (by Edward Caruana Dingli) - 1928.jpg|thumb|210px|[[King George V]], [[Emperor of India]], Sovereign Head of the Order from 1910 until his death in 1936]]
===Officers===
[[Charles III]] is at the apex of the Order of St John as its Sovereign Head,<ref>{{Citation |last=Elizabeth II |title=Royal Charters and Statutes of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem |page=12 |publication-date=2004 |year=1955 |editor-last=Elizabeth II |url=http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/Order_of_St%20John_Charters_and_Statutes.pdf |access-date=9 August 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927204612/http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/Order_of_St%20John_Charters_and_Statutes.pdf |archive-date=September 27, 2013 |url-status=dead |series=s. 5.1 |chapter=The St. John Statutes 1974 to 2003 |publication-place=Westminster |publisher=Queen's Printer |author-link=Elizabeth II |editor-link=Elizabeth II}}</ref> followed by the Grand Prior—since 1975, [[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester]].<ref name="OSTJStruct" /><ref>[http://www.royal.gov.uk/ThecurrentRoyalFamily/TheDukeofGloucester/Activitiesandinterests.aspx Royal Family website.] www.royal.gov.uk ''qv'': Grand Prior of St John {{full citation needed|date=June 2015}}{{Dead link|date=April 2016}}</ref>{{sfn|Elizabeth II|2004|p=12, s. 6}} He, along with the four or five other Great Officers—the Lord Prior of St John, who acts as the lieutenant of and deputy to the Grand Prior; the [[Prelate]], who is an [[Anglican bishop]]; the Deputy Lord Prior (or more than one depending on the Grand Prior's needs), who acts accordingly as a lieutenant and deputy to the Lord Prior; and the Sub-Prelate, who has interests in the commanderies and associations of the organisation<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=13, s. 8.1.a–8.1.d}}</ref>—as well as the Priors and Chancellors of each of the order's eight priories and the Hospitaller make up the Grand Council.<ref name="OSTJStruct" /><ref name="OSTJOrg">{{Cite web |title=Structure and Governance |url=http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/order_of_st_john_structure.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090902191858/http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/order_of_st_john_structure.pdf |archive-date=2 September 2009 |access-date=9 August 2009 |publisher=The Order of St. John}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=15, s. 13.1}}</ref> On recommendation of that body, the Grand Prior appoints all the Grand Officers, besides himself,<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=14, s. 8.3}}</ref> and may also appoint members of either Grade I or Grade II as other officers, known as the Principal Officers,<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II| 2004| pp=15, s. 9.1–9.2}}</ref> such as the [[Secretary-General]] and Honorary Officers, such as the [[Genealogist]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II| 2004| p=15, s. 11.1}}</ref> (currently [[David White (officer of arms)|David White]], [[Garter King of Arms]]) and [[Master of Ceremonies|Director of Ceremonies]], who all hold office for a period not exceeding three years;<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=14, s. 8.6}}</ref> the latter position currently being held by Alan Cook, a former [[Essex Police]] [[chief inspector]] on behalf of Major James Kelly.<ref>[https://www.stjohnengland.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Essex-2017-H2.pdf www.stjohnengland.org.uk]</ref> The Grand Prior may also appoint a [[Secretary]] of the Order, who holds office at the pleasure of the Grand Prior or until resignation.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=12, s. 7.4}}</ref> A subset of the Grand Council is the Honours and Awards Committee, which considers all recommendations for appointment or promotion into the grade of [[Knight Grand Cross|Bailiff]] or [[Dame Grand Cross]], appointment or promotion into any grade of a person not resident within any priory's territory, and advises the Grand Council in respect of the award of its [[Lifesaving]] [[Medal]] and [[Service Medal of the Order of St John|Service Medal]].<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| pp=18–19, s. 16.3.a–16.3.e}}</ref>
====List of grand priors====
Since the Order's Royal Charter of 1888, the Grand Prior has been appointed by the Sovereign Head and has always been a member of the [[British royal family]].
* [[The Reverend]] [[Sir]] [[Robert Peat]] (1831–1837)<ref name="Tozer78">{{Cite book |last=Tozer |first=Charles W. |title=The Insignia and Medals of the Grand Priory of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem |date=1975 |publisher=J. B. Hayward and Son |location=London, GBR |page=78}}</ref>
* [[Sir]] [[Henry Dymoke]] (1838–1847)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[Lamb baronets|Lieutenant Colonel Sir Charles Lamb]] (1847–1860)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[Rear Admiral]] [[Alexander Dundas Young Arbuthnott|Sir Alexander Arbuthnott]] (1860–1861)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester]] (1861–1888)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[Edward VII|Albert Edward, Prince of Wales]] (1888–1901)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[George V|George, Prince of Wales]] (1901–1910)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn]] (1910–1939)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester]] (1939–1974)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester]] (1975–present)<ref name=Tozer78/>
====List of priors====
From 1888 until 1943, this office was styled "Sub Prior" and from 1943 until 1950 it was named "Prior."<ref name="MapleLeaf238">{{Cite book |last=McCreery |first=Christopher |title=The Maple Leaf and the White Cross: A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada |date=2008 |publisher=Dundurn Press |isbn=978-1-55002-740-2 |location=Toronto |pages=238–239 |oclc=696024272}}</ref>
=====Sub-priors=====
* [[Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale]] (1888–1892)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[George V|Prince George, Duke of Cornwall and York]] (1893–1901)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[John Hope, 1st Marquess of Linlithgow]] (1906–1907)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* Vacant (1908–1910)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Henry Holland, 1st Viscount Knutsford]] (1910–1914)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth]] (1915–1923)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Aldred Lumley, 10th Earl of Scarbrough]] (1923–1943)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
=====Priors=====
* [[Ivor Windsor-Clive, 2nd Earl of Plymouth]] (1943)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[George Villiers, 6th Earl of Clarendon]] (1943–1946)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst]] (1947–1950)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
=====Lord priors=====
* [[John Loder, 2nd Baron Wakehurst]] (1950–1969)<ref name=Tozer78/>
* [[Harold Caccia, Baron Caccia]] (1969–1981)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Maurice Dorman|Sir Maurice Dorman]] (1982–1985)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Alan Cathcart, 6th Earl Cathcart]] (1986–1987)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Ralph Grey, Baron Grey of Naunton]] (1988–1990)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Samuel Vestey, 3rd Baron Vestey]] (1991–2001)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Colonel (Canada)|Colonel]] [[Eric Barry]] (2002–2008)<ref name=MapleLeaf238/>
* [[Anthony Mellows]] (2008–2014)
* [[Neil Conn]] (2014–2015)
* [[Malcolm Ross (courtier)|Sir Malcolm Ross]] (2016–2019)
* [[Mark Compton]] (2019–present),<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 2016 |title=Appointment of Great Officers |url=https://www.stjohninternational.org/blog/appointment-of-great-officers |website=St John International}}</ref> present at the [[Coronation of Charles III and Camilla|2023 Coronation]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 May 2023 |title=Coronation order of service in full |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-65503950 |access-date=6 May 2023 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
===Grades===
After the officers of the Order follow members, who are divided into six [[Hierarchy|hierarchical grades]], all having accordant [[post-nominal letters]].<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=30, s. 32.1}}</ref> Grade I is limited to only the members of the Grand Council plus no more than 21 others,<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=35, s. 37.2.a}}</ref> though royalty and [[Head of state|heads of state]] of any country may be appointed as a Bailiff or Dame Grand Cross without counting towards the complement.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=35, s. 38.1}}</ref> All Priors, should they not already be in the grade or higher, are appointed Knight or Dame upon their assignment.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=36, s. 38.4}}</ref> Knights and Dames of Justice, along with all Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross, formerly were entitled to nominate two personal [[Esquire]]s, just as each Knight or Dame of Grace could nominate one personal Esquire, subject to the Grand Council's scrutiny.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=36, s. 39}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="6"| Grades of the Order of St John
|-
! Grade
| align="center"|  Grade I
| align="center"|  Grade II
| align="center"|  Grade III
| align="center"|  Grade IV
| align="center"|  Grade V
|-
! Title (English)
| align="center"|  Bailiff/Dame Grand Cross
| align="center"|  Knights/Dames of Justice or Grace
| align="center"|  Commander/Chaplain
| align="center"|  Officer
| align="center"|  Member
|-
! Title (French){{#tag:ref||group=n|name=Lingo}}
| align="center"|  <span style="font-size:85%">''{{lang|fr|Bailli/Dame grand-croix}}''</span>
| align="center"|  <span style="font-size:85%">''{{lang|fr|Chevalier/Dame de justice ou de grâce}}''</span>
| align="center"|  <span style="font-size:85%">''{{lang|fr|Commandeur}}''</span>
| align="center"|  <span style="font-size:85%">''{{lang|fr|Officier}}''</span>
| align="center"|  <span style="font-size:85%">''{{lang|fr|Membre}}''</span>
|-
! Post-nominal letters
| align="center"|  GCStJ
| align="center"|  KStJ/DStJ
| align="center"|  CStJ/ChStJ
| align="center"|  OStJ
| align="center"|  MStJ
|}
[[File:Michener-arms.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Roland Michener|Canadian Governor General Roland Michener]]'s [[coat of arms|arms]], depicting his St John insignia appended right]]
Knights and Dames receive the [[accolade]] from the Grand Prior when they are touched on the shoulder with a sword and are given their robes and insignia. However, jurisdiction dependent, post-nominal letters of the order are not used outside the organisation itself, and a Knight and Dame may not use the prefix ''[[Sir]]'' or ''[[Dame]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Post Nominals & Form of Address |url=http://atlantic.heraldry.ca/resources/post-nominals-form-of-address/ |access-date=9 November 2010 |publisher=Royal Heraldry Society of Canada}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Order of St John > Glossary |url=http://www.saintjohn.org/c/Glossary.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826020937/http://www.saintjohn.org/c/Glossary.cfm |archive-date=26 August 2010 |access-date=9 November 2010 |publisher=Order of St. John}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Office of the Governor General of Canada |author-link=Governor General of Canada |title=It's an Honour > Additional Information |url=http://www.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=71 |access-date=9 November 2010 |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last=The Australian Army |title=Army Protocol Manual |page=AL1 |year=2001 |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service |author-link=Australian Army}}</ref><ref name="AusOrderPg5">{{Citation |last=Office of the Governor-General of Australia |title=Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards |date=25 September 2007 |page=5 |url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/awards/docs/order_of_wearing.pdf |access-date=24 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211203319/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/awards/docs/order_of_wearing.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2014 |url-status=dead |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service |author-link=Governor-General of Australia}}</ref> though they may request from their local [[heraldry|heraldic]] authority a personal [[coat of arms]], should they not already be entitled to use one, and have it adorned with emblems of the Order of St John. Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross additionally have the right to be [[Grant of arms|granted]] [[supporter|heraldic supporters]] for life. Further, membership only grants precedence within the Order, which is graded as follows:<ref name="EIIR41.1">{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=37, s. 41.1}}</ref>
# The Sovereign Head
# The Grand Prior
# The Lord Prior of St John
# The Prior of a Priory or the Knight or Dame Commander of a Commandery when within the territory of the establishment
# The Prelate of the Order
# The Deputy Lord Prior or the Deputy Lord Priors and if more than one by seniority in their grade
# The Sub-Prior of the Order
# Former Great Officers
# Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross
# The Prior of a Priory or the Knight or Dame Commander of a Commandery outside the territory of the establishment
# Members of the Grand Council not included above by seniority in their grade
# The Principal Officers by seniority of their office
# The Sub-Prelates and the Honorary Sub-Prelates
# The Hospitaller of the Order
# Knights and Dames
# Chaplains
# Commanders
# Officers
# Members (formerly Serving Brothers and Serving Sisters)
# Priory Esquires (Priory Esquires are not members of the Order)
Precedence within each grade is dictated by date of appointment,<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=37, s. 41.2}}</ref> save for those in Grade I who are either a [[head of state]] or [[royal family|royal]], in which case they all precede other members in their grade as follows:<ref name="EIIR41.1" />
# Members of the Sovereign's family
# Heads of state from the Commonwealth of Nations
# Foreign heads of state
# Members of other Commonwealth royal families
# Members of foreign royal families
Awards are presented within the order: the Priory Vote of Thanks, the St John's Provincial/Territorial Commendation (in Canada), the Life Saving Award (Without Risk) in Silver, and the Service Medal of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.<ref>{{Citation |last=Government of Canada |title=Honours and Recognition for the Men and Women of the Canadian Armed Forces |page=12 |year=2013 |url=http://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2014/mdn-dnd/D3-23-2013.pdf |access-date=16 November 2015 |place=Ottawa |publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada}}</ref>
===Priories and commanderies===
[[File:Douglas Fairbanks KStJ 1958.jpg|thumb|[[Douglas Fairbanks Jr.]], robed as a Knight of Justice of St John (1958)]]
{{main article|Commanderies of the Order of Saint John}}
Following constitutional changes made in 1999, the [[Priory]] of England and The Islands was established (including the [[Commandry (feudalism)|Commandery]] of [[Ards (territory)|Ards]] in [[Northern Ireland]]) alongside the existing Priories of [[Wales]], [[Scotland]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]] (including the Commandery of [[Western Australia]]), [[New Zealand]], [[South Africa]], and the [[Order of St John in the United States|United States]].<ref name=StJCan/> In 2013, the Priory of [[Kenya]] and in 2014 the Priory of [[Singapore]] were formed. Each is governed by a prior and a priory chapter. Commanderies, governed by a Knight or Dame Commander and a commandery chapter,<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=19, s. 18.2}}</ref> may exist within or wholly or partly without the territory of a priory, known as Dependent or Independent Commanderies, respectively.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=20, s. 20.2.a–20.2.b}}</ref> Any country without a priory or commandery of its own is assumed into the "home priory" of England and The Islands, many of these being smaller [[Commonwealth of Nations]] states in which the order has only a minor presence.{{#tag:ref|Those countries with Associations of the Order of St John are: [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Barbados]], [[Bermuda]], [[Cyprus]], [[Dominica]], [[Fiji]], [[Ghana]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Grenada]], [[Guyana]], [[India]], [[Jamaica]], [[Malawi]], [[Malaysia]], [[Malta]], [[Mauritius]], [[Montserrat]], [[Namibia]], [[Nigeria]], [[Pakistan]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Solomon Islands]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Swaziland]], [[Tanzania]], [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Uganda]], [[Zambia]], and [[Zimbabwe]].<ref name=StJCan/>|group=n|name=Association}}
The Order of St John is said to have arrived in [[Canada]] in 1648, as the second [[Governor of New France]], [[Charles de Montmagny]], was a member of the original order, but it was not until 1883 that the first branch of the modern organisation was established in the [[Dominion]], at [[Quebec City]], growing to 12 branches by 1892.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada Wide > About Us > History > Our History in Canada |url=http://www.sja.ca/Canada/AboutUs/History/Pages/OurHistoryinCanada.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004015205/http://www.sja.ca/Canada/AboutUs/History/Pages/OurHistoryinCanada.aspx |archive-date=4 October 2009 |access-date=10 August 2009 |publisher=St. John Ambulance Canada}}</ref> The Order of St John today constitutes part of the [[Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada|Canadian national honours system]] and the priory, established in 1946 out of the Commandery of Canada, is the largest outside of the United Kingdom,<ref name="OStJinCan">{{Cite web |title=Canada Wide > About Us > The Order of St. John > The Order of St. John in Canada |url=http://www.sja.ca/Canada/AboutUs/TheOrder/Pages/TheOrderofStJohninCanada.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004014456/http://www.sja.ca/CANADA/ABOUTUS/THEORDER/Pages/TheOrderofStJohninCanada.aspx |archive-date=4 October 2009 |access-date=10 August 2009 |publisher=St. John Ambulance Canada}}</ref> with some 6,000 members.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canada Wide > About Us > Corporate Information > Priory Chapter |url=http://www.sja.ca/Canada/AboutUs/CorporateInformation/Pages/PrioryChapter.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004100157/http://www.sja.ca/Canada/AboutUs/CorporateInformation/Pages/PrioryChapter.aspx |archive-date=4 October 2009 |access-date=10 August 2009 |publisher=St. John Ambulance Canada}}</ref> The [[Governor General of Canada|governor general]], serves as the prior and chief officer in Canada, while [[Lieutenant Governor (Canada)|lieutenant governors]] act as the vice-priors, overseeing the administration of the order in their respective [[Provinces and territories of Canada|province]].<ref name=OStJinCan/> These individuals thus automatically become Knights or Dames of Justice upon their assuming [[Viceroy|viceregal]] office.
An American Society of the Order of St John was established in 1957 as a foundation to assist the order with charitable work, after 1961 focusing its efforts specifically on the [[St John Ambulance#Ophthalmic Hospital in Jerusalem|St John Ophthalmic Hospital]] in [[Jerusalem]] and some other organisations aiding the sick. This branch was successful enough that Queen Elizabeth II in 1996 officially created the Priory of the [[United States|United States of America]], the seventh priory at the time, with [[Drexel (surname)|John R. Drexel]] as the first prior. By late 2000, the US Priory had approximately 1,100 members. As citizens of a country that did not have the sovereignty of the Order of St John vested in its head of state, American inductees who first joined the new priory were specifically asked to only "pay due obedience" to the governing authorities of the order "in all things consistent with your duty to your own country," thus eliminating any question of loyalty to a foreign head of state superseding American postulants' duties as US citizens.
=== Associations ===
*Americas: Antigua; Barbados; Bermuda; Dominica; Grenada; Guyana; Jamaica; Saint Lucia; Trinidad and Tobago
*Africas: Eswatini (formerly Swaziland); Ghana; Mauritius; Malawi; Nigeria; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe
*Asia Pacific: Fiji; India; Papua New Guinea; Solomon Islands; Sri Lanka
*Europe and Middle East: Cyprus; Gibraltar; Malta
==Vestments and insignia==
Upon admission into the Order of St John, confrères are presented with appropriate [[insignia]], each level and office being depicted by different emblems and robes for wear at important occasions for the order. Common for all members of the Order is the [[heraldic badge|badge]], consisting of an eight-pointed [[Maltese Cross]] (embellished in the four principal angles alternately with two [[Lion (heraldry)|lions]] passant guardant and two [[unicorn]]s passant).<ref>{{Citation |last=Elizabeth II |title=The St. John (Order) Regulations |page=29 |year=2003 |url=http://www.stjohninternational.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=b082b3f4-a871-4b6c-a5c7-d51ec02cf316 |access-date=10 August 2009 |series=2.i |place=Westminster |publisher=Queen's Printer}}</ref> That for the Sovereign Head is gold with arms of white enamel and the embellishments rendered in [[gold]], all surmounted by a jewelled [[St Edward's Crown]], while those for the Officers of the order are the same save for the Grand Prior's having the crown made only of gold; the Lord Prior's having in place of the St Edward's Crown the coronet in gold of Albert, Prince of Wales (later [[Edward VII]]); and the Prelate's having instead a representation of a [[mitre]] in gold.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=34, s. 5.i–5.iv}}</ref> Thereafter, the badges are prescribed as follows:<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=34, s. 4}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="7"|Insignia of the Order of St John
|-
! Grade
| align="center"| Bailiffs/Dames Grand Cross
| align="center"| Knights/Dames of Justice
| align="center"| Knights/Dames of Grace
| align="center"| Commanders
| align="center"| Officers
| align="center"| Members
|-
! Insignia
| colspan="2" align="center" |  [[File:Kruis van Malta en van de Johanniters.jpg|75px]]
| align="center"|  [[File:Breast Star - Knight of Grace.jpg|75px]]
| align="center"|  [[File:Neck Badge - Knight of Grace.jpg|75px]]
| align="center"|  [[File:Officer of the Order of St John Medal.jpg|75px]]
| align="center"|  [[File:Star-MStJ.jpg|75px]]
|-
! Diameter
| align="center"|  {{convert|82.5|mm|in}}<br>{{convert|57.2|mm|in}}<br>suspended
| colspan="3" align="center" |  {{convert|57.2|mm|in}}
| colspan="2" align="center" |  {{convert|44.4|mm|in}}
|-
! Material
| colspan="5" align="center" |  [[Vitreous enamel|Enamel]]
| rowspan="2" align="center" |  [[Silver]]
|-
! Backing and<br>embellishments
| colspan="2" align="center" |  [[Gold]]
| colspan="3" align="center" |  [[Silver]]
|}
All Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross may wear their badges at the left hip on a {{convert|101.6|mm|in}} (for men) or {{convert|82.5|mm|in}} (for women) wide, black watered silk ribbon over the right shoulder and from a {{convert|16.5|mm|in}} wide black band at the collar. Male Knights Justice or Grace and Commanders wear their badges on a 16.5mm wide ribbon at the neck, while Officers and Members have theirs on a {{convert|38|mm|in}} straight ribbon suspended from a medal bar on the left breast. Females in all grades have the option of wearing their insignia on a ribbon bow pinned at the left shoulder.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| pp=36–37, s. 7.ii–7.iv}}</ref> Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross, Knights and Dames of Justice or Grace, and chaplains may all also wear a breast star,<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=35, s. 6}}</ref> which appears the same as their badges, only at a diameter of {{convert|88.9|mm|in}} and without embellishments for those in Grade I and {{convert|76|mm|in}} for those in Grade II.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=38, s. 9.ii–9.v}}</ref> Further, those in these groups are also given a button for wear on the lapel of non-formal civilian clothing, for events such as business meetings of the order.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=39, s. 11.i}}</ref> In general, the insignia of the Order of St John may be worn at all occasions where other decorations are worn, not only those connected with the ceremonies of the order.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=33 s. 3}}</ref>
[[File:HRH Prince Richard Duke of Gloucester.JPG|thumb|right|[[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester|The Duke of Gloucester]] [[Mantle (royal garment)|robed]] as Grand Prior of the Order of St John at an investiture in [[United States|America]], 2006]]
All members of the Order are also required to wear specific robes for formal occasions of the society, including a [[Mantle (clothing)|mantle]], sopra vest, and hat. The mantles of the Sovereign Head and Grand Prior are all of black [[silk]] [[velvet]] and lined with white silk, the  Sovereign Head's mantle is differentiated by an additional [[Train (clothing)|train]]. Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross and, before 1926, Knights of Justice formerly wore black silk robes with a lining of the same material and colour; these members now wear the same mantle as Commanders and Officers, which are made of black merino wool faced with black silk. The only other unique mantles are those of the Medical Officer of the St John Ophthalmic Hospital, which bears a special pattern,<ref name="EIIR15.ii">{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=40, s. 15.ii–15.vii}}</ref> and of chaplains, which is a black silk robe with full sleeves. Each cloak also bears on its left side a rendition of the order's star in white silk: the Sovereign Head, Grand Prior, and those in the first two grades of the order all have a {{convert|300|mm|in}} diameter emblem; the Sovereign's and Grand Prior's are of white silk with gold adornments, the former's also surmounted by a St Edward's Crown, while those for Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross, Knights and Dames of Justice, and Knights and Dames of Grace are rendered in white linen, the first two groups having embellishments in gold silk, the latter in white silk. Similarly, the star for Commanders and Officers is of white linen with white silk ornamentation, though they are only {{convert|228.6|mm|in}} and {{convert|152.4|mm|in}} in diameter, respectively. The secretaries of the order, the priors and the commanders also wear the badge superimposed upon two [[goose]] quill pens embroidered [[saltire]]-wise in white silk.<ref name=EIIR15.ii/>
The [[Mantle (clothing)|sopra (or supra) vest]] is a long drape of thin, black cloth that buttons close down the neck and to one side, falling to the ankles and cut so as to entirely cover the body. It is similar to a [[cassock]], though it is actually derived from the supra vesta—a black surcoat worn in the mid-13th century by the Knights of St John. Confrères in Grade I have a plain, white, 300mm diameter Maltese Cross on their sopra vests, while members of Grades II and III, plus chaplains, have a plain garment, though the wearer's Order of St John insignia is displayed outside the vest, 152mm below the collar. Clerical inductees of the order may, when officiating, wear over their cassock and surplice a [[mozzetta]] of black with red lining, edging, and buttons, a 76mm wide star worn on the left breast and the accordant badge suspended at the neck.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=42, s. 19.ii}}</ref> When full mantles and sopra vests are worn a black velvet [[Tudor period|Tudor]]-style hat is included.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2003| p=41, s. 18}}</ref>
==Eligibility and appointment==
[[File:HRH the Duchess of Edinburgh GCStJ banner.jpg|thumb|right|260px|[[Heraldic flag|Banner]] of [[Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh]], at the [[St John Clerkenwell|Priory Church of the Order of St John]]]]
The Sovereign Head confirms all appointments to the order as he, in his absolute discretion, shall think fit,<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=12, s. 5.2}}</ref> though the constitution does impose certain limitations: the maximum number of members is set at 35,000,<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=35, s. 37.1}}</ref> and appointees may not be under the age of 18.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=32, s. 33.2}}</ref> Recommendations are made by the Grand Council and those selected have generally acted in such a manner as to strengthen the spirit of mankind—as reflected in the order's first motto, ''Pro Fide''—and to encourage and promote humanitarian and charitable work aiding those in sickness, suffering, and/or danger—as reflected in the order's other motto, ''Pro Utilitate Hominum''.<ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| pp=10–12, s. 4.a–4.b}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb| Elizabeth II| 2004| p=32, s. 33.1.c}}</ref>
To be inducted, new members must recite the organisation's declaration:
{{blockquote|I do solemnly declare that I will be faithful and obedient to The Order of St John and its Sovereign Head as far as it is consistent with my duty to my [sovereign/president] and to my country; that I will do everything in my power to uphold its dignity and support its charitable works; and that I will endeavour always to uphold the aims of this Christian order and to conduct myself as a person of honour.<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=32, s. 34}}</ref>}}
Those who are Christians additionally recite the following:
{{blockquote|I solemnly declare that I personally profess the Christian faith and accordingly that I believe in God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit.<ref>{{cite book |title=Notes for New Members of the Order of St John |date=2024 |publisher=Venerable Order of St John |page=15}}</ref>}}
Notwithstanding the order's promotion of [[Christianity|Christian]] values of charity and its official stance that the order has a "Christian character", its Grand Council has since 1999 affirmed that "profession of the Christian Faith should not be a condition of membership of the Order." The issue of the order's Christian character and the issue of "inclusive membership" was dealt with in the Grand Council's ''Pro Fide Report'' in 2005, wherein it was said that the order's life is shaped by Christian faith and values, but that "[r]ather than the emphasis being primarily upon 'spiritual beliefs or doctrine' it is on works of mercy rendered through St John". Therefore, while the Great Officers are required to profess the Christian faith, the same is "not an essential condition of membership" and "[t]he onus is on the man or woman who is invited to the privilege of membership to decide whether he or she can with a good conscience promise to be faithful to the stated aims and purposes of this Christian lay order of chivalry." On the subject of inclusive membership, the report stated "Christian hospitality is a criterion which can be applied to the Order's relationships to persons of other religious faiths", and "the Order needs to be characterized by a hospitable disposition towards other faith traditions while holding fast to its own origins and foundational identity in Christian faith."<ref>Order of St John, Grand Council ''Pro Fide'' report, 2005. {{full citation needed|date=June 2015}}</ref>
==Order of wear==
Admission to or promotion within the Order of St John does "not confer any rank, style, title, dignity, appellation or social precedence whatsoever".<ref>{{Harvnb|Elizabeth II|2004|p=31, s. 32}}</ref> Its place in the order of wear varies from country to country. Unlike those of other hierarchical orders, all grades of the Order of St John [[rank]] between the order's predecessor and successor. Some examples follow:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Country
!Preceding
!Following
|-
| {{flag|Australia}}<br><small>([[Australian Honours Order of Wearing|Order of Wearing]])</small>
| [[Order of Australia|Medal of the Order of Australia]] <small>(OAM)</small>
| [[Distinguished Conduct Medal]] <small>(DCM)</small> (if awarded prior to 6 October 1992){{#tag:ref|The "Australian Honours Order of Wearing" stipulates: "All Imperial British awards made to Australian citizens after 5 October 1992 are foreign awards and should be worn accordingly."<ref name="AusOrderPg1">{{Citation |last=Office of the Governor-General of Australia |title=Order of Wearing Australian Honours and Awards |date=25 September 2007 |page=1 |url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/awards/docs/order_of_wearing.pdf |access-date=24 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211203319/http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/awards/docs/order_of_wearing.pdf |archive-date=11 February 2014 |url-status=dead |publisher=Australian Government Publishing Service |author-link=Governor-General of Australia}}</ref> Generally, foreign awards are worn after Australian awards and postnominals of foreign awards are not recognised.|group=n|name=AusOrder1}}<br>  [[Conspicuous Service Medal]] <small>(CSM)</small>{{#tag:ref|The Most Venerable Order of Saint John is listed in the Australian Honours Order of Wearing to indicate where any awards within the Order of St John should be worn (including those awarded after 1992); however, the Service Medal of the Order of St John should be worn as a Long Service Medal after all other Imperial Long Service awards. Post-nominals within the Order of St John are not recognised as notified in the Governor-General's media release of 14 August 1982.<ref name=AusOrderPg5/>|group=n|name=AusOrder2}}
|-
| {{flag|Canada}}<br><small>([[Canadian order of precedence (decorations and medals)|Order of wear]])</small>
| [[Royal Victorian Order|Member of the Royal Victorian Order]] <small>(MVO)</small>
| [[National Order of Quebec|Grand Officer of the National Order of Quebec]] <small>(GOQ)</small>
|-
| {{flag|New Zealand}}<br><small>([[New Zealand Honours Order of Precedence|Order of wear]])</small>
| rowspan="2" | [[Royal Red Cross|Royal Red Cross (Class II)]] <small>(ARRC)</small>
| rowspan="2" | [[Distinguished Conduct Medal]] <small>(DCM)</small><ref>{{Cite web |last=New Zealand Defence Force |title=Medals Home > general medals information > order of wear |url=http://medals.nzdf.mil.nz/info/orderofwear.html |access-date=30 July 2009 |publisher=Queen's Printer for New Zealand}}</ref><ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 62529
| date = 2019-01-11
| pages = 326–329
| supp = 1
}} Order of Wear</ref>
|-
| {{flag|United Kingdom}}
|}
==Current Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross==
{{main article|List of bailiffs and dames grand cross of the Order of St John}}
* Sovereign Head: King [[Charles III]]
* Grand Prior: [[Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester]] {{Post-nominals|country=GBR|KG|GCVO|GCStJ}}, appointed Grand Prior and Bailiff Grand Cross in 1975
;Bailiffs and Dames Grand Cross:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Post-nominals !! Year appointed
|-
| [[Queen Noor of Jordan]] <ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 51767
| date = 16 June 1989
| page = 7104
}}</ref>|| {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}} || 1989
|-
| The Dowager Lady Westbury || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|GCStJ|JP}} || 1990
|-
| [[Norman Lloyd-Edwards|Sir Norman Lloyd-Edwards]] || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCVO|GCStJ|JP|RD}} || 1996
|-
| John Strachan || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}} || 1997
|-
| Villis Raymond Marshall || {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|AC|GCStJ|}} || 1999
|-
| Lady Elizabeth Godsal || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MBE|GCStJ|DL}} || 2000
|-
| [[Audrey Emerton, Baroness Emerton|Audrey, Baroness Emerton]] || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|DBE|GCStJ|FRCN}} || rowspan="2" | 2004
|-
| [[James Stirling of Garden|Colonel Sir James Stirling]] || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KCVO|CBE|GCStJ|TD|FRICS}}
|-
| Neville Byron Darrow || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}} || 2005
|-
| David Kingan || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|OBE|GCStJ|DL}} || rowspan="2" | 2006
|-
| John David Spencer|| {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|AM|GCStJ}}
|-
| [[Jack Nicholls|Bishop Jack Nicholls]] || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}} || 2007
|-
| Anthony Hugh Chignell || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MBE|GCStJ|FRCS}}|| 2008
|-
| [[Anne, Princess Royal|The Princess Royal]] <ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 59053
| date = 5 May 2009
| page = 7604
}}</ref>|| {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|KG|KT|GCVO|GCStJ|QSO|GCL|CMM|CD|ADC(P)}} || rowspan="3" | 2009
|-
| [[John Hemsley|Brigadier John Hemsley]] || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|OBE|GCStJ}}
|-
| John Mah || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ|CD|QC}}
|-
| Major Ian Crowther || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MBE|GCStJ}} || rowspan="3" | 2010
|-
| John R. Drexel IV || {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}}
|-
| David Hugh Thomas || {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|GCStJ}}
|-
| Richard Bruce || {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}} || 2011
|-
| [[Neil Conn|The Hon Neil Conn]] || {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|AO|GCStJ}} || 2012
|-
| [[Stuart Shilson]] || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|LVO|GCStJ|DL}} || rowspan="2" | 2013
|-
| Judith Ann Hoban || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}}
|-
| Patrick Burgess || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MBE|GCStJ|DL}} || rowspan="4" | 2014
|-
| [https://www.gallipoliresearch.com.au/member/professor-john-pearn/ Major General Prof John Pearn] || {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|AO|GCStJ|RFD}}
|-
| Alfred Marshall Acuff || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}}
|-
| Low Bin Tick || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|OBE|GCStJ}}
|-
| [[Tim Stevens|Bishop Tim Stevens]] || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|CBE|GCStJ}} || 2016
|-
| Fiona, The Hon Lady Barttelot || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MBE|GCStJ|DL}} || rowspan="2" | 2017
|-
| Professor Mark Compton|| {{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|sep=,|AM|GCStJ}}
|-
| Major Marsden Madoka || rowspan="5" | {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCStJ}} || rowspan="2" | 2020
|-
| Dr Gillian Elisabeth Willmore
|-
| Deon François Schõnland Fourie || rowspan="2" | 2021
|-
| Steven Alan Evans
|-
| Robert Hector White<ref>[https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2022/2022-04-30/html/gh-rg-eng.html Canada Gazette]</ref>|| rowspan="2" | 2022
|-
| [[Sophie, Duchess of Edinburgh|The Duchess of Edinburgh]] <ref>{{London Gazette
| issue = 63692
| date = 9 May 2022
| page = 8838
}}</ref>|| {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|GCVOf|GCStJ|CD}}
|-
| Ann Elizabeth Cable || {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MBE|GCStJ|DL}} || rowspan="2" | 2023
|-
| Thomas Matthew Budd<ref>https://www.stjohninternational.org/latest-news/tom-budd-installed-as-the-new-chancellor-of-the-most-venerable-order-of-st-john/</ref>
| rowspan="2" |{{post-nominals|country=AUS|size=100%|GCStJ}}
|-
| Cameron Oxley<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2024 |title=Cameron Oxley Promoted to Bailiff Grand Cross |url=https://www.stjohninternational.org/news/cameron-oxley-has-been-promoted-to-bailiff-grand-cross?fbclid=IwAR3DnSNr85fjE2D7zwkJ1AWj1ue9bc2B_A9AmJlwZV56WZT6N1G91kv3apE |access-date=2024-02-16 |website=www.stjohninternational.org}}</ref>|| 2024
|}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Precedence within the Order |url=https://www.stjohninternational.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=c2bab069-3ca6-40e4-925c-46130ace6ace |access-date=2019-11-10 |website=www.stjohninternational.org}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Service Medal of the Order of St John]]
* [[Donat of the Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Donat of the Order of Saint John]]
* [[Sovereign Military Order of Malta]]
* [[List of the priors of Saint John of Jerusalem in England]]
* [[List of bailiffs and dames grand cross of the Order of St John]]
* [[Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg)]]
* [[Museum of the Order of St John]]
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=n}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
{{See also|Orders, decorations, and medals of Canada#Further reading}}
* {{Citation |last=Elizabeth II |title=Royal Charters and Statutes of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem |page=6 |publication-date=2004 |year=1974 |editor-last=Elizabeth II |url=http://www.stjohninternational.org/Handlers/Download.ashx?IDMF=5a774ade-5a5a-4c94-9463-436eb8f6c61b |access-date=1 December 2016 |series=5 |chapter=Supplemental Royal Charter, 1974 |publication-place=Westminster |publisher=Queen's Printer |ref={{sfnref|Elizabeth II|2004|p=}} |author-link=Elizabeth II |editor-link=Elizabeth II}}
* {{Cite book |last=Hoegen Dijkhof |first=Hans J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1mzXGAAACAAJ |title=The Legitimacy of Orders of St. John: A Historical and Legal Analysis and Case Study of a Para-Religious Phenomenon |publisher=University of Leiden |year=2006 |isbn=90-6550-954-2 |location=Leiden}}
* {{Cite book |last=King |first=E. J. (Earl of Scarbrough) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YDgKngEACAAJ |title=The Grand Priory of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in England |publisher=Literary Licensing, LLC |year=1924 |isbn=978-1-4940-5105-1}}
* {{Cite book |last=McCreery |first=Christopher |author-link= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gmgg6VcC5ioC |title=The Maple Leaf and the White Cross: A History of St. John Ambulance and the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem in Canada |publisher=Dundurn Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-1-55002-740-2 |location=Toronto}}
* {{Cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol46/pp142-163 |title=South and East Clerkenwell |publisher=English Heritage |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-300-13727-9 |editor-last=Temple |editor-first=Philip |series=Survey of London |volume=46 |location=New Haven, London |pages=142–63 |chapter=St John's Gate and St John's Lane}}
* {{Cite book |last=Riley-Smith |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Riley-Smith |title=The Military Orders: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick |publisher=Variorum |year=1994 |isbn=0-86078-438-X |editor-last=Barber |editor-first=Malcolm |editor-link=Malcolm Barber |location=Aldershot |pages=121–38 |chapter=The Order of St John in England, 1827–1858}}
* {{Cite book |last=Riley-Smith |first=Jonathan |author-link=Jonathan Riley-Smith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KzNAQ9tCOsC |title=The Crusades, Christianity, and Islam |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-231-51794-2}}
* {{Cite book |last=Sire |first=H. J. A. |author-link=Henry Sire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jbnjngEACAAJ |title=The Knights of Malta |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-300-06885-6}}
* {{Cite book |last=Stephens |first=Edward Bell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7-ELAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA290 |title=The Basque Provinces: Their Political State, Scenery, and Inhabitants; With Adventures Among the Carlists and Christinos |publisher=Whittaker & Co. |year=1837}}
==External links==
{{commons|Venerable Order of Saint John}}
*{{official website|http://www.stjohninternational.org}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402132742/http://museumstjohn.org.uk/faq/index.html ''When was the Venerable Order founded, and by whom?'', Museum of the Order of St John, Clerkenwell, London] (archived 2 April 2015)
* [http://www.heraldica.org/topics/orders/bg-orders.htm#st-john ''The British Order of Saint John'' (F.Velde)]
* {{Cite web |year=2003 |title=The Order of St John Regulations |url=http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/Order_of_St%20John_Regulations.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215204135/http://www.orderofstjohn.org/uploads/PDF/Order_of_St%20John_Regulations.pdf |archive-date=15 December 2013 |access-date=10 December 2013 |publisher=Order of St. John}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Alliance of the Orders of St. John of Jerusalem |url=http://www.allianceofstjohn.org/ |publisher=The Secretariat of the Alliance of Orders of St John}}
* {{Cite web |title=VOSJ Source |url=http://vosj.blogspot.com/ |publisher=VOSJ Source}}
{{Alliance of the Orders of Saint John of Jerusalem}}
{{St John Ambulance}}
{{Orders, decorations, and medals of Australia}}
{{Canadian Honours System}}
{{British Honours System}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)| ]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 1888]]
[[Category:Charities based in England]]
[[Category:1888 establishments in England]]