View source for Organizational structure of the United States Department of Defense

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[[File:The Pentagon US Department of Defense building.jpg|thumb|right|[[The Pentagon]], headquarters of the United States Department of Defense]]
The '''[[United States Department of Defense]]''' (DoD) has a complex '''organizational structure'''. It includes the [[United States Army|Army]], [[United States Navy|Navy]], the [[United States Marine Corps|Marine Corps]], [[United States Air Force|Air Force]], [[United States Space Force|Space Force]], the [[Unified Combatant Command|Unified combatant commands]], U.S. elements of multinational commands (such as [[NATO]] and [[North American Aerospace Defense Command|NORAD]]), as well as non-combat agencies such as the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] and the [[National Security Agency]]. The DoD's annual budget was roughly [[United States dollar|US$]]496.1 billion in 2015.<ref name="Comptroller">{{cite web | url=http://comptroller.defense.gov/Portals/45/documents/defbudget/fy2016/fy2016_Budget_Request_Overview_Book.pdf | title=United States Department of Defense Fiscal Year 2016 Budget Request / Overview | publisher=Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller) Chief Financial Officer | date=February 2015 | access-date=22 December 2016}}</ref> This figure is the base amount and does not include the $64.3 billion spent on "War/Non-War Supplementals". Including those items brings the total to $560.6 billion for 2015.<ref name="Comptroller" />
[[Civilian control of the military|Civilian control]] over matters other than operations is exercised through the three service departments, the [[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]], the [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] (which includes the Marine Corps), and the [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]] (which includes the Space Force). Each is led by a service secretary, who is below [[United States Cabinet|Cabinet]] rank.
In wartime, the Department has authority over the [[United States Coast Guard|Coast Guard]], which is under the control of the [[United States Department of Homeland Security|Department of Homeland Security]] (DHS) in peacetime. Prior to the creation of DHS, the Coast Guard was under the control of the [[United States Department of Transportation|Department of Transportation]], and earlier under the [[United States Department of the Treasury|Department of the Treasury]]. According to the [[United States Code|U.S. Code]], the Coast Guard is at all times considered one of the six armed services of the United States. During times of declared war (or by Congressional direction), the Coast Guard operates as a part of the Navy; this has not happened since [[World War II]], but members have served in undeclared wars and conflicts since then while the service remained in its peacetime department.
[[The Pentagon]] Reservation in [[Arlington County, Virginia|Arlington County]], [[Virginia]], across the [[Potomac River]] from [[Washington, D.C.]], is the Department's headquarters. The Department is protected by the [[Pentagon Force Protection Agency]], which ensures law enforcement and security for the Pentagon and various other jurisdictions throughout the [[National Capital Region (United States)|National Capital Region (NCR)]].
==Chain of Command==
[[File:United States National Command Authority.svg|464px|right]]
The [[President of the United States]] is, according to the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]], the Commander-in-Chief of the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. Armed Forces]] and Chief Executive of the Federal Government. The [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]] is the "Principal Assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense", and is vested with statutory authority ({{UnitedStatesCode|10|113}}) to lead the Department and all of its component agencies, ''including military command authority second only to the President''.
The President and the Secretary of Defense exercise authority and control of the Armed Forces through two distinct branches of the [[command hierarchy|chain of command]]. One branch ({{UnitedStatesCode|10|162}}) runs from the President, through the Secretary of Defense, to the [[Unified Combatant Command]]ers for missions and forces assigned to their commands. The other branch, used for purposes other than operational direction of forces assigned to the Unified Combatant Commands, runs from the President through the Secretary of Defense to the Secretaries of the Military Departments, i.e., the [[United States Secretary of the Army|Secretary of the Army]] ({{UnitedStatesCode|10|7013}}), the [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] ({{UnitedStatesCode|10|8013}}), and the [[United States Secretary of the Air Force|Secretary of the Air Force]] ({{UnitedStatesCode|10|9013}}). The Military Departments, organized separately within the Department, operate under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of that Military Department. The Secretaries of the Military Departments exercise authority through their respective Service Chiefs (i.e., [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Chief of Staff of the Army]], [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|Commandant of the Marine Corps]], [[Chief of Naval Operations]],  [[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force|Chief of Staff of the Air Force]], and [[Chief of Space Operations]]) over forces not assigned to a [[Unified Combatant Command]]. Except as otherwise prescribed by law, the Service Chiefs perform their duties under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretaries of their respective Military Departments, to whom they are directly responsible.
In the [[Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986]], Congress clarified the command line to the Unified Combatant Commanders and preserved [[civilian control of the military]]. The Act states that the operational chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense to the Unified Combatant Commanders. The Act permits the President to direct that communications pass through the [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]] from the Secretary of Defense and the Unified Combatant Commanders. This authority places the Chairman in the communications chain. Further, the Act gives the Secretary of Defense wide latitude to assign the Chairman oversight responsibilities for the Unified Combatant Commanders' activities.
===Civilian control===
Article II Section 2 of the Constitution designates the [[President of the United States|President]] as "Commander in Chief" of the Army, Navy and state militias.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/data/Constitution/article02/|title= Caselaw: constitution article 2|access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref>
The [[President of the United States|President]] exercises this supreme command authority through the civilian [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]], who by federal law is the ''head of the department'', has ''authority direction, and control over the Department of Defense'', and is the ''principal assistant to the President in all matters relating to the Department of Defense.''<ref>10 U.S.C. 113</ref> The Secretary's principal deputy is the equally civilian [[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary of Defense]] who is delegated full powers to act for the Secretary of Defense. The [[Office of the Secretary of Defense]] (OSD) is the Secretary and Deputy Secretary's civilian staff, which includes several [[Under Secretary of Defense|Under Secretaries]] and [[Assistant Secretary of Defense|Assistant Secretaries of Defense]] with functional oversight responsibilities. The Secretaries of the Military Departments (i.e. [[United States Secretary of the Army|Secretary of the Army]], [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]], and [[United States Secretary of the Air Force|Secretary of the Air Force]]) are subordinate to the Secretary of Defense. They have the authority under [[Title 10 of the United States Code]] to ''conduct all the affairs'' of their respective departments ([[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]], [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]], and [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]]) within which the military services are organized.<ref>10 U.S.C. §§ 3013, 5013 & 8013</ref>  Although subordinate to the Secretary of Defense, they are appointed by, and serve at the pleasure of, the President of the United States.  As such, they cannot be removed from office by the Secretary of Defense, but can only be removed unilaterally by the President, or through impeachment by the Congress.
Historically, there have been challenges to civilian control. Most notably, during the [[Korean War]], General [[Douglas MacArthur]] ignored civilian instructions regarding advancing troops toward the [[Yalu River]], which triggered an introduction of massive [[People's Volunteer Army|forces from China]]. Also, on April 5, 1950, [[United States House of Representatives|Representative]] [[Joseph William Martin Jr.]], the [[Minority Leader of the United States House of Representatives]], released copies of a letter from MacArthur critical of President [[Harry S. Truman]]'s limited-war strategy to the press and read it aloud on the floor of the house.<ref>{{harvnb|James|1985|pp=584–589.}}</ref> President Truman relieved MacArthur of command, and MacArthur then explored political options against Truman.<ref>{{Cite book|last=James|first=D. Clayton|pages=607–608|work=The Years of MacArthur|title=Volume 3, Triumph and Disaster 1945–1964|publisher=Houghton Mifflin|location=Boston|year=1985|isbn= 0-395-36004-8|oclc=36211311}}</ref> The [[Revolt of the Admirals]] is another example in the same era of a challenge to civilian control.
DoD policies and directives protect the policy of civilian control by establishing strict limitations on military members' political activities. For example, DoD Directive 1344.10 prohibits active-duty members of the military from running for office or making political appearances in uniform.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134410p.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713143508/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/134410p.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 13, 2007 |title=DoD Directive 1344.10, February 19, 2008 -- POSTED 2/21/2008 |date= |access-date=2010-10-15}}</ref> However, enforcing this strict separation between the military and politics has been problematic. For example, over the years, many elected officials, including members of Congress, continued serving in the reserves while holding elected office. As another example, at a September 14, 2007, rally for Republican Presidential candidate [[John McCain]] in New Hampshire, seven on-duty uniformed Army personnel addressed the gathering.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/09/28/army_personnel_spoke_at_mccain_rally/|title=Army personnel spoke at McCain rally|work=Boston Globe|date=28 September 2007|first=Sasha|last=ssenberg|access-date=15 April 2010}}</ref> As another example, although DOD Directive 1344.10 prohibits political appearances by active-duty military members in uniform, [[Governor of Virginia|Virginia Governor]] [[Bob McDonnell]] invited a uniformed Army Staff Sergeant to stand behind him during his televised Republican response to the [[2010 State of the Union Address]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/01/post_560.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120723234748/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/01/post_560.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 23, 2012| title=McDonnell's guests at tonight's State of the Union response|date=27 January 2010|first=Anita| last=Kumar|access-date=10 April 2010|newspaper=Washington Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://momocrats.typepad.com/momocrats/2010/01/dont-play-politics-with-the-military-bob-mcdonnells-republican-response-to-the-sotu.html|title=Bob McDonnell's Republican Response to the SOTU: A Military Misstep|date=28 January 2010|access-date=10 April 2010}}</ref>
==Components of the Department of Defense==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" colspan="2" | Program
|-
! rowspan="14" scope="row" | [[United States Secretary of Defense|Secretary of Defense]]
[[United States Deputy Secretary of Defense|Deputy Secretary of Defense]]
| [[Defense Innovation Unit]]
|-
|[[Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs]]<br>*[[Defense Media Activity]]
|-
|[[Director of Administration and Management]]<br>*[[Pentagon Force Protection Agency]]<br>*[[Washington Headquarters Services]]
|-
|[[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs]]
|-
|[[Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation]]
|-
|[[Office of Net Assessment]]
|-
|[[General Counsel of the Department of Defense|General Counsel of Defense]]<br>*Defense Legal Services Agency
|-
|[https://www.ai.mil/ Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Officer]
|-
|[[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration|Chief Information Officer]]
<nowiki>*</nowiki>[[Defense Information Systems Agency]]
|-
|[[Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate]]
|-
|''[[United States Department of the Army]]''
|-
|''[[United States Department of the Navy]]''
|-
|''[[United States Department of the Air Force]]''
|-
|''[[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]''
|-
! rowspan="6" scope="row" | ''Acquisition and Sustainment''<br>[[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]<br>Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment
| Assistant Secretary of Defense (Acquisition)<br>*Defense Contract Management Agency<br>*[[Defense Acquisition University]]
<nowiki>*</nowiki>Joint Rapid Acquisition Cell
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Sustainment|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Sustainment)]]<br>*Director of the Office of Economic Adjustment<br>*Director of the Defense Logistics Agency
|-
|[[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations, and Environment]]/[[Chief sustainability officer|Chief Sustainability Officer]]<br>*Office of Local Defense Community Cooperation (OLDCC)
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Nuclear, Chemical & Biological Defense Programs)]]<br>*Defense Threat Reduction Agency
|-
| Assistant Secretary of Defense for Industrial Policy<br>*Office of Small Business Programs
|-
| Joint Production Accelerator Cell
Director of Special Programs
|-
! rowspan="5" |''Research and Engineering''<br>[[Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering]]
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering
|Assistant Secretary of Defense for Science and Technology
|-
|Assistant Secretary of Defense for Critical Technologies
|-
|Assistant Secretary of Defense for Mission Capabilities
|-
|[[Missile Defense Agency]]
|-
|[[DARPA]]
|-
! rowspan="9" scope="row" | ''Policy''<br>[[Under Secretary of Defense for Policy]]
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Policy
| [[Mara Karlin|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Strategy, Plans, and Capabilities)]]
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs|Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs)]]<br>*Secretary of Defense Representative in the [[United States Permanent Representative to NATO|United States Mission to NATO]]<br>*Secretary of Defense Representative to the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]]
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Homeland Defense)]] and [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Global Strategic Affairs|Global Strategic Affairs]]
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Special Operations and Low-Intensity Conflict)]]
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Indo-Pacific Security Affairs|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Indo-Pacific Security Affairs)]]
|-
| [[Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency]]
|-
| [[Defense Security Cooperation Agency]]
|-
| [[Defense Policy Board Advisory Committee]]
|-
| [[Defense Technology Security Administration]]
|-
! rowspan="7" |''Comptroller''<br>[[Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)|Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/CFO]]
[[United States Deputy Under Secretary of Defense|Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)]]
| Deputy Comptroller (Program/Budget)
|-
| Deputy Comptroller (Budget and Appropriation Affairs)
|-
|Deputy Comptroller (Enterprise Financial Transformation)
|-
|Deputy Chief Financial Officer
|-
|Director, Human Capital and Resource Management
|-
|[[Defense Contract Audit Agency]]
|-
|[[Defense Finance and Accounting Service]]
|-
! scope="row" rowspan="8" | ''Personnel and Readiness''<br>[[Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness]]
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness
| [[JAMRS|Joint Advertising Marketing Research & Studies (JAMRS)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jamrs.defense.gov/OrganizationalChart.aspx |publisher=U.S. Department of Defense |title=Organizational Chart |access-date=11 September 2014}}</ref>
|-
| Military Deputy to the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness)<br>*Office of Diversity Management and Equal Opportunity<br>**[[Defense Equal Opportunity Management Institute]]<br>*Defense Suicide Prevention Office<br>*Personnel Risk Reduction Office
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Health Affairs)]]<br>*[[Defense Health Agency]]<br>*[[U.S. Department of Defense Military Health System|Military Health System]]<ref>http://www.health.mil/aboutMHS.aspx{{Dead link|date=April 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br>**[[TRICARE Management Activity]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tricare.mil/ |title=tricare.mil |access-date=2011-12-10 |archive-date=2010-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100409235802/http://www.tricare.mil/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Manpower and Reserve Affairs|Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower and Reserve Affairs)]]<br>*[[Defense Commissary Agency]]<br>*[[Department of Defense Education Activity]]<br>**[[Department of Defense Dependents Schools]]<br>*Office of Total Force Planning & Requirements<br>*Transition to Veterans Program Office
|-
| [[Defense Human Resources Activity]]
|-
| DoD/VA Collaboration Office
|-
| [[Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences]]
|-
| Office of the Chancellor for Education and Professional Development
|-
! rowspan="10" |''Intelligence and Security''<br>[[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence|Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security]]
Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)
| Director for Defense Intelligence (Warfighter Support)
|-
| Director for Defense Intelligence (Intelligence & Security)
|-
| Director for Defense Intelligence (Technical Collection & Special Programs)
|-
| Director for Defense Intelligence (Intelligence Strategy, Programs & Resources)
|-
| [[Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency]]
|-
| [[Defense Intelligence Agency]]
|-
| [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]
|-
| [[National Security Agency]]
|-
| [[Central Security Service]]
|-
| [[National Reconnaissance Office]]
|-
|}
===Defense Agencies===
[[File:US Defense Agencies.png|thumb|300px|right|Defense Agencies within the Department of Defense]]
Defense Agencies are established as DoD Components by law, the President, or the Secretary of Defense to provide for the performance, on a DoD-wide basis, of a supply or service activity that is common to more than one Military Department when it is determined to be more effective, economical, or efficient to do so, pursuant to sections 101, 191(a), and 192 of [[Title 10 of the United States Code]] or when a responsibility or function is more appropriately assigned to a Defense Agency. Pursuant to section 191(b) Title 10, such organizations are designated as Defense Agencies. Each Defense Agency operates under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, through a Principal Staff Assistant in the [[Office of the Secretary of Defense]].
On 1 March 2003 the Secretary of Defense lost Executive Agent responsibilities for the [[National Communications System]], which was moved to the [[Department of Homeland Security]]. However the NCS still centralized its activities within the Department of Defense, since the human resources required by NCS (example: Military Departments) still reside within the Department of Defense, or for retention of practical maintenance. The NCS was finally disestablished in 2012.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Seal or Logo !! Name !! Acronym !! Charter !! Under the Authority of !! Headquarters
|-
||[[File:DARPA Logo 2010.png|75px]]
||[[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]]
||DARPA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/513410p.pdf DoDD 5134.10]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
||Arlington, Virginia
|-
||[[File:Defense Commissary Agency logo.PNG|75px]]
||[[Defense Commissary Agency]]
||DeCA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510555p.pdf DoDD 5105.55]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness]]
||[[Fort Gregg-Adams]], Virginia
|-
||[[File:DCAA Emblem 2.jpg|75px]]
||[[Defense Contract Audit Agency]]
||DCAA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510536p.pdf DoDD 5105.36]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense Comptroller|Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)]]
||[[Fort Belvoir]], Virginia
|-
||[[File:DCMA.PNG|75px]]
||[[Defense Contract Management Agency]]
||DCMA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510564p.pdf DoDD 5105.64]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
||Fort Gregg-Adams, Virginia
|-
||[[File:Defense_Finance_Accounting_Services_(DFAS)_Official_Seal.png|75px]]
||[[Defense Finance and Accounting Service]]
||DFAS
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/511805p.pdf DoDD 5118.05]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense Comptroller|Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)]]
||Arlington, Virginia
|-
||[[File:US-DefenseInformationSystemsAgency-Seal.svg|75px]]
||[[Defense Information Systems Agency]]
||DISA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510519p.pdf DoDD 5105.19]
||[[Assistant Secretary of Defense for Networks and Information Integration|Chief Information Officer]]
||Arlington, Virginia
|-
||[[File:US-DefenseIntelligenceAgency-Seal.svg|75px]]
||[[Defense Intelligence Agency]]
||DIA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510521p.pdf DoDD 5105.21]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence]]
||[[Joint Base Anacostia-Bolling]], [[Washington, DC|District of Columbia]]
|-
||
||[[Defense Legal Services Agency]]
||DLSA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/514504p.pdf DoDD 5145.04]
||[[General Counsel of the Department of Defense]]
||The Pentagon
|-
||[[File:Seal of the Defense Logistics Agency.svg|75px]]
||[[Defense Logistics Agency]]
||DLA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510522p.pdf DoDD 5105.22]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
||[[Fort Belvoir]], Virginia
|-
||[[File:DSCA.PNG|75px]]
||[[Defense Security Cooperation Agency]]
||DSCA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510565p.pdf DoDD 5105.65]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Policy]]
||The Pentagon
|-
||[[File:Defense% 20Counterintelligence% 20and% 20Security% 20Agency Seal% 20Color 250(1).png|75px]]
||[[Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency]]
||DCSA
||[https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-transferring-responsibility-background-investigations-department-defense/ Executive Order 13869]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence]]
||Quantico, Virginia
|-
||[[File:US-DefenseThreatReductionAgency-Seal.svg|75px]]
||[[Defense Threat Reduction Agency]]
||DTRA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510562p.pdf DoDD 5105.62]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
||[[Fort Belvoir]], Virginia
|-
||[[File:US-MissileDefenseAgency-Seal.svg|75px]]
||[[Missile Defense Agency]]
||MDA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/513409p.pdf DoDD 5134.09]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
||The Pentagon
|-
||[[File:US-NationalGeospatialIntelligenceAgency-2008Seal.svg|75px]]
||[[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]
||NGA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510560p.pdf DoDD 5105.60]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence]]
||[[Springfield, Virginia]]
|-
||[[File:NRO.svg|75px]]
||[[National Reconnaissance Office]]
||NRO
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510523p.pdf DoDD 5105.23]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence]]
||[[Chantilly, Virginia]]
|-
||[[File:National Security Agency.svg|75px]]<br>[[File:US-CentralSecurityService-Seal.svg|75px]]
||[[National Security Agency]]<br>[[Central Security Service]]
||NSA/CSS
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510020p.pdf DoDD 5100.20]
||[[Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence]]
||[[Fort Meade]], Maryland
|-
||[[File:PFPA Seal.jpg|75px]]
||[[Pentagon Force Protection Agency]]
||PFPA
||[http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510568p.pdf DoDD 5105.68]
||[[Director of Administration and Management (DoD)|Director of Administration and Management]]
||The Pentagon
|}
===Department of Defense Field Activities===
Department of Defense Field Activities are established as DoD Components by law, the President, or the Secretary of Defense to provide for the performance, on a DoD-wide basis, of a supply or service activity that is common to more than one Military Department when it is determined to be more effective, economical, or efficient to do so, pursuant to sections 101, 191(a), and 192 of [[Title 10 of the United States Code]]. Pursuant to section 191(b) of Title 10, such organizations are designated as DoD Field Activities. Each DoD Field Activity operates under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretary of Defense, through a Principal Staff Assistant in the [[Office of the Secretary of Defense]].
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="wrap"
! Seal or Logo !! Name !! Acronym !! Charter !! Under the Authority of !! Headquarters
|-
| [[File:Defense Media Activity logo.jpg|75px]]
| [[Defense Media Activity]]
| DMA
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510574p.pdf DoDD 5105.74]
| [[Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs]]
| Fort Meade, MD
|-
|
| [[Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency]]
| DPAA
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/511010_dodd_2017.pdf DoDD 5110.10]
| [[Under Secretary of Defense for Policy]]
| The Pentagon
|-
| [[File:US-DefenseTechnicalInformationCenter-Seal.svg|75px]]
| [[Defense Technical Information Center]]
| DTIC
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510573p.pdf DoDD 5105.73]
| [[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
| [[Fort Belvoir]], VA
|-
|
| [[Defense Technology Security Administration]]
| DTSA
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510572p.pdf DoDD 5105.72]
| [[Under Secretary of Defense for Policy]]
| The Pentagon
|-
|
| [[Department of Defense Education Activity]]
| DoDEA
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/134220p.pdf DoDD 1342.20]
| [[Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness]]
| Arlington, VA
|-
| [[File:DHRA.PNG|75px]]
| [[Department of Defense Human Resources Activity]]
| DoDHRA
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510087p.pdf DoDD 5100.87]
| [[Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness]]
| Arlington, VA
|-
|
| [[Department of Defense Test Resource Management Center]]
| TRMC
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/510571p.pdf DoDD 5105.71]
| [[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
|
|-
|
| [[Office of Economic Adjustment]]
| OEA
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/303001p.pdf DoDD 3030.01]
| [[Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Sustainment]]
| Arlington, VA
|-
| [[File:WHS Insignia.svg|75px]]
| [[Washington Headquarters Services]]
| WHS
| [http://www.esd.whs.mil/Portals/54/Documents/DD/issuances/dodd/511004p.pdf DoDD 5110.04]
| [[Director of Administration and Management (DoD)|Director of Administration and Management]]
| The Pentagon
|}
===Military Departments===
====Department of the Army====
{{Main|Structure of the United States Army}}
''The [[United States Department of the Army|Department of the Army]] includes all elements of the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]]''
* [[United States Secretary of the Army|Secretary of the Army]]
===== Headquarters, Department of the Army =====
* [[Office of the Secretary of the Army]]
* [[Chief of Staff of the United States Army|Chief of Staff of the Army]]
===== Army Field Organizations =====
* Army Commands
* Army Component Commands
* Field Operating Agencies
* Direct Reporting Units
==== Department of the Navy ====
{{Main|Structure of the United States Navy}}
''The [[United States Department of the Navy|Department of the Navy]] includes all elements of the [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] and the [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]]''
* [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]]
**[[Office of the Secretary of the Navy]]
* [[United States Under Secretary of the Navy|Under Secretary of the Navy]]
===== OPNAV =====
* [[Chief of Naval Operations]]
**[[Office of the Chief of Naval Operations]]
**[[United States Naval Observatory]] falls under the Chief of Naval Operations.
* [[Vice Chief of Naval Operations]]
===== Navy Subordinate Components =====
* {{See also|Structure of the United States Navy#Operating Forces}}
* {{See also|Structure of the United States Navy#Numbered Fleet}}
* {{See also|Structure of the United States Navy#The Shore Establishment}}
===== Headquarters Marine Corps =====
* [[Commandant of the United States Marine Corps|Commandant of the Marine Corps]]
* [[Headquarters Marine Corps]] (See also: [[Organization of the United States Marine Corps]])
====Department of the Air Force====
{{Main|Structure of the United States Air Force|Structure of the United States Space Force}}
''The [[United States Department of the Air Force|Department of the Air Force]] includes all elements of the [[United States Air Force]] and the [[United States Space Force]]''
* [[United States Secretary of the Air Force|Secretary of the Air Force]]
** [[Office of the Secretary of the Air Force]]
* [[United States Under Secretary of the Air Force|Under Secretary of the Air Force]]
===== Headquarters Air Force =====
* [[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force|Chief of Staff of the Air Force]]
**[[Air Staff (United States)|The Air Staff]]
===== Air Force Field Organizations =====
* [[List of Major Commands of the United States Air Force|Major Commands]]
* [[Direct Reporting Unit]]s
* [[List of United States Air Force Field Operating Agencies|Field Operating Agencies]]
===== Headquarters Space Force =====
* [[Chief of Space Operations]]
** The [[Space Staff]]
===== Space Force Field Organizations =====
* [[Field command]]s
====Organization of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]====
* [[Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]
** [[Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff]]
*** [[Joint Requirements Oversight Council]]
** [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]]
** [[The Joint Staff]]
*** [[Director of the Joint Staff]]
**** [[Vice Director of the Joint Staff]]
**** DOM- Directorate of Management
**** J1 – Personnel and Manpower
**** J2 – Intelligence
**** J3 – Operations
***** [[National Military Command Center]]
***** [[Alternate National Military Command Center]]
***** [[National Airborne Operations Center]]
**** J4 – Logistics
**** J5 – Strategic Plans and Policy
**** J6 – Command, Control, Communications and Computer Systems
**** J7 – Operational Plans and Joint Force Development
**** J8 – Force Structure, Resources, and Assessment
** [[National Defense University]]
*** College of International Security Affairs
*** [[Industrial College of the Armed Forces]]
*** [[Information Resources Management College]]
*** [[Joint Forces Staff College]]
*** [[National War College]]
** U.S. Delegation to the [[Inter-American Defense Board]]
** U.S. Delegation to the [[United Nations]] [[Military Staff Committee]]
** U.S. Representative at the [[NATO Military Committee]]
** U.S. Section, Joint Mexico-U.S. Defense Commission
====Unified Combatant Commands====
{{See also|Deployments of the United States Military}}
There are eleven [[Unified Combatant Command]]s: seven regional and four functional. [[United States Africa Command|Africa Command]] became initially operational in October 2007, while [[United States Joint Forces Command|Joint Forces Command]] was officially disestablished on August 4, 2011. [[United States Space Command|Space Command]] was reestablished in August 2019.
{| class="wikitable"
|- align="wrap"
! Seal !! Name !! Acronym !! Headquarters !! Area of Responsibility !! Other Role of CCDR
|-
|[[File:Seal of the United States Africa Command.svg|75px]]
|[[United States Africa Command]]
|AFRICOM
|[[Kelley Barracks]], [[Stuttgart]], Germany; to be relocated to African continent or other location TBD
|Africa excluding Egypt
|
|-
|[[File:Seal of the United States Central Command.png|75px]]
|[[United States Central Command]]
|CENTCOM
|[[MacDill Air Force Base]], [[Florida]]
|[[Egypt]] through the [[Persian Gulf]] region, into [[Central Asia]], excluding Israel
|
|-
|[[File:USEUCOM.svg|75px]]
|[[United States European Command]]
|EUCOM
|[[Stuttgart]], [[Germany]]
|Europe, including [[Turkey]], and [[Israel]]
|Also [[Supreme Allied Commander Europe]] (SACEUR)
|-
|[[File:Seal of the United States Northern Command.png|75px]]
|[[United States Northern Command]]
|NORTHCOM
|[[Peterson Air Force Base]], [[Colorado]]
|North American [[homeland defense]] and coordinating homeland defense with federal and state civil authorities.
| Also Commander of [[North American Aerospace Defense Command]] (NORAD)<br>([[Bilateralism|bilateral]] U.S.-[[Canada|Canadian]] military command)
|-
|[[File:Emblem_of_the_United_States_Pacific_Command.png|75px]]
|[[United States Indo-Pacific Command]]
|INDOPACOM
|[[Camp H. M. Smith]], [[Oahu]], Hawaii
|The [[Indo-Pacific|Indo-Asia-Pacific]] region including Hawaii.
|
|-
|[[File:USSOUTHCOM emblem.jpg|75px]]
|[[United States Southern Command]]
|SOUTHCOM
|[[Miami, Florida]]
|Latin America and the Caribbean excluding Mexico and Puerto Rico
|
|-
|[[File:United States Space Command emblem 2019.svg|90px]]
|[[United States Space Command]]
|SPACECOM
|[[Peterson Air Force Base]], [[Colorado]]
|Outer Space
|
|-
|[[File:Seal of the United States Cyber Command.svg|70px]] || [[United States Cyber Command]] || CYBERCOM || [[Fort George G. Meade]], [[Maryland]]
|Provides cyber operations for the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force.
|Also [[Director of the National Security Agency]]
|-
|-
|[[File:United States Special Operations Command Insignia.svg|75px]]
|[[United States Special Operations Command]]
|SOCOM
|[[MacDill Air Force Base]], [[Florida]]
|Provides special operations for the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force.
|
|-
|[[File:Seal of the United States Strategic Command.svg|75px]]
|[[United States Strategic Command]]
|STRATCOM
|[[Offutt Air Force Base]], [[Nebraska]]
|Deters strategic attack and employs forces, as directed, to guarantee the security of our Nation and our Allies.
|
|-
|[[File:US-TRANSCOM-Emblem.svg|75px]]
|[[United States Transportation Command]]
|TRANSCOM
|[[Scott Air Force Base]], [[Illinois]]
|Covers global mobility of all military assets for all regional commands.
|
|}
{| style="margin:auto;"
|-
! style="text-align:center;" | The Geographic Commands
|-
| [[File:GCCMAP.png|600px]]
|}
In 2007, a new [[United States Africa Command|geographical command for Africa]] was authorized. This proposed significant changes to the areas of responsibility for other adjacent geographical commands as shown in the accompanying graphic.{{Clear}}
====Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense====
[[File:Seal of DOD OIG.svg|thumb|100px|right|Seal of the Inspector General.]]
The Office of the Inspector General is an independent and objective unit within the Department of Defense that conducts and supervises audits and investigations relating to the programs and operations of the Department of Defense, pursuant to the responsibilities specified in title 5, U.S.C. Appendix and [https://web.archive.org/web/20100508164700/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/510601p.pdf DoDD 5106.01].
* [[Office of the Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense|Inspector General of the Department of Defense]]
** [[Defense Criminal Investigative Service]]
====National Guard Bureau====
[[File:Seal of the National Guard Bureau (US).svg|thumb|100px|right|Seal of the National Guard Bureau.]]
The National Guard Bureau (NGB) is a joint activity of the Department of Defense. The Chief of the National Guard Bureau is a principal advisor to the Secretary of Defense, through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, on matters involving non-federalized National Guard forces, and other matters as determined by the Secretary of Defense. For NGB matters pertaining to the Departments of the Army and Air Force's responsibilities in law or DoD policy, the Secretary of Defense normally exercises authority, direction, and control over the NGB through the Secretaries of the Army and the Air Force. The NGB is the focal point at the strategic level for National Guard matters that are not under the authority, direction, and control of the Secretaries of the Army or Air Force, including joint, interagency, and intergovernmental matters where the NGB acts through other DoD officials as specified in [https://web.archive.org/web/20110322204833/http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/510577p.pdf DoDD 5105.77].
* [[Chief of the National Guard Bureau]]
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{commons category|United States Department of Defense}}
* {{cite book|author=Vego, Milan|chapter=Command and Control|editor1=Chambers, John W. |editor2=Anderson, Fred|title=The Oxford companion to American military history|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-19-507198-6|pages=165–167|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rzy_yNMKbcC&pg=PA165}}
{{DOD agencies}}
[[Category:United States Department of Defense lists|01]]
[[Category:United States military-related lists]]
[[Category:United States Department of Defense|*]]
[[Category:Military organizational structures|United States Department of Defense]]