View source for Oxystele

{{short description|Genus of sea snails}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Oxystele tigrina 002.jpg
| image_caption = ''Oxystele tigrina''
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Oxystele
| authority =[[Rodolfo Amando Philippi|Philippi]], 1847 <ref>Philippi, Zeitschr. f Mal., 1847, p. 19</ref>
| type_species = ''Trochus merula''
| type_species_authority = Dillwyn, 1817
}}
'''''Oxystele''''' is a [[genus]] of [[sea snail]]s, [[marine (ocean)|marine]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusk]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Trochidae]], the top snails.<ref name="WoRMS">{{WRMS species|204998|''Oxystele'' Philippi, 1847||2 July 2011}}</ref> Although previously suggested as a subgenus of ''[[Diloma]]'',<ref name="Heller 1991">{{cite journal |last1=Heller |first1=Joseph |last2=Dempster |first2=Yvonne |title=Detection of two coexisting species of ''Oxystele'' (Gastropoda: Trochidae) by morphological and electrophoretic analyses |journal=Journal of Zoology |date=1991 |volume=223 |issue=3 |pages=395–418 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1991.tb04773.x}}</ref> genetic analysis has shown it to be more appropriate as its own genus.<ref name="Donald 2005">{{cite journal |last1=Donald |first1=Kirsten M. |last2=Kennedy |first2=Martyn |last3=Spencer |first3=Hamish G. |title=The phylogeny and taxonomy of austral monodontine topshells (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Trochidae), inferred from DNA sequences |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |date=2005 |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=474–483 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.011}}</ref>
==Description==
The depressed conical shell is dark or variegated in color. The large [[Aperture (mollusc)|aperture]] is oblique. The concave [[Columella (gastropod)|columella]] is arcuate, thin-edged, perfectly simple and curved below. It is above spread over the umbilical area as a rounded, well-defined pad of callus.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/manualofconcholo111tryo Tryon (1889), Manual of Conchology XI, Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia]</ref>
Patterns of the variegated shell color within the genus ''Oxystele'' are shown in the image : A–C ''Oxystele variegata'' from Namibia, 5&nbsp;km north of Swakopmund, diameter 22.2&nbsp;mm (NMSA E6038) D–F ''Oxystele impervia'' from the Western Cape, Groen Rivier, diameter 22.3&nbsp;mm (NMSA E7353) G–I ''Oxystele'' sp. from the Eastern Cape, Tsitsikamma National Park, diameter 16.5&nbsp;mm (HVDBM058-10, NMSA W7371); the colour pattern of these specimens suggests ''Oxystele variegata'', but these specimens group within the unit of ''Oxystele impervia'' J–L ''Oxystele'' sp. from the Northern Cape, Noup, diameter 18.0&nbsp;mm (HVDBM185-10, NMSA W7608); the colour pattern suggests ''Oxystele impervia'', but they group with ''Oxystele variegata''
==Distribution==
These marine species occur off [[South Africa]] and [[Japan]].
==Species==
[[File:Oxystele burdigalensis 01.JPG|thumb|right|''Oxystele burdigalensis'' Cossmann & Peyrot 1916, a fossil species from the Miocene of France]]
[[File:Patterns of shell colour within the genus Oxystele - ZooKeys-365-337-g004.jpg|right|thumb|Patterns of shell color within the genus Oxystele]]
[[Phylogram]] (weighted maximum parsimony based on [[MT-RNR2|16S]], [[Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I|COI]] and [[actin]] sequence data) of the species in the genus ''Oxystele'':<ref name="Donald 2005" />
{{clade| style=font-size:85%;line-height:85%;
|label1='''Oxystele'''
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Oxystele tigrina|O. tigrina]]'' <small>(Anton, 1839)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|225143|''Oxystele tigrina'' (Anton, 1839)||1 May 2010}}</ref>
|2=''[[Oxystele sinensis|O. sinensis]]'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|225723|''Oxystele sinensis'' (Gmelin, 1791)||1 May 2010}}</ref>
}}
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Oxystele tabularis|O. tabularis]]'' <small>(Krauss, 1848)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|216321|''Oxystele tabularis'' (Krauss, 1848)||1 May 2010}}</ref>
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Oxystele impervia|O. impervia]]'' <small>(Menke, 1843)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|225140|''Oxystele impervia'' (Menke, 1843)||1 May 2010}}</ref>
|2=''[[Oxystele antoni|O. antoni]]'' <small>(Anton, 1839)</small><ref>{{WRMS species|225139|''Oxystele variegata'' (Anton, 1839)||1 May 2010}}</ref>
}}
}}
}}
}}
Other species in the genus not included in this tree are:
* ''[[Oxystele fulgurata]]'' <small>(Philippi, 1848)</small>
* ''[[Oxystele merula]]'' <small>(Dillwyn, 1817)</small>
Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Oxystele capensis'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele sinensis]]'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Oxystele depressa'' <small>Granata-Grillo, 1877</small>: synonym of ''[[Tomura depressa]]'' <small>(Granata-Grillo, 1877)</small>
* ''Oxystele impervius'' <small>Menke, Schwarz, 1910</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele variegata]]'' <small>(Anton, 1838)</small>
* ''Oxystele inflata'' <small>Turton, 1932</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele sinensis]]'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Oxystele romettensis'' <small>Granata-Grillo, 1877</small>: synonym of ''[[Cirsonella romettensis]]'' <small>(Granata-Grillo, 1877)</small>
* ''Oxystele sagittifera'' <small>Lamarck, Smith, 1903</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele variegata]]'' <small>(Anton, 1838)</small>
* ''Oxystele sagittifera'' var. ''perdix'' <small>Koch in Turton, 1932</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele tigrina]]'' <small>(Anton, 1838)</small>
* ''Oxystele sagittifera'' var. ''rufanensis'' <small>Turton, 1932</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele variegata]]'' <small>(Anton, 1838)</small>
* ''Oxystele tabularis'' var. ''pulchra'' <small>Turton, 1932</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele variegata]]'' <small>(Anton, 1838)</small>
* ''Oxystele tigrinus'' <small>Turton 1932</small>: synonym of ''[[Oxystele tigrina]]'' <small>(Anton, 1838)</small>
* ''Oxystele variegata'' <small>(Anton, 1838)</small> accepted as ''Oxystele antoni'' <small>D. G. Herbert, 2015</small><ref> MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. ''Oxystele'' R. A. Philippi, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204998 on 2023-10-28 </ref>
* ''Oxystele zonata'' <small>Wood, Sowerby, 1892</small>: synonym of ''[[Gibbula zonata]]'' <small>(Wood, 1828)</small>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Williams S.T., Donald K.M., Spencer H.G. & Nakano T. (2010) ''Molecular systematics of the marine gastropod families Trochidae and Calliostomatidae (Mollusca: Superfamily Trochoidea)''. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:783-809
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7116153}}
[[Category:Oxystele| ]]
[[Category:Trochidae]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Rodolfo Amando Philippi]]
[[Category:Gastropod genera]]