View source for PARCC

{{short description|Consortium for K–12 assessments in Mathematics and English}}
{{POV|section|date=April 2016}}
The '''Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers''' ('''PARCC''') is a consortium that includes the [[Department of Defense Education Activity|Department of Defense Educational Activity]] and the [[Bureau of Indian Education]]. Consortium members work to create and deploy a standard set of K–12 assessments in Mathematics and English,<ref name="About PARCC">{{Cite web|url=http://www.parcconline.org/about-parcc|title=About PARCC|website=Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220151926/http://www.parcconline.org/about-parcc|archive-date=20 February 2012|access-date=March 1, 2015}}</ref> based on the [[Common Core State Standards Initiative|Common Core State Standards]].
The PARCC consortium was awarded Race to the Top assessment funds in September 2010 by the [[U.S. Department of Education]] to help in the development of the K–12 assessments. PARCC has included educators in the development of its assessments and will consult with more than 200 postsecondary educators and administrators in the development of the assessments.
==Background==
Before [[No Child Left Behind]], The [[Elementary and Secondary Education Act]] was passed in 1965 as a part of the "War on Poverty".<ref name="Education Act">[http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/ "Elementary and Secondary Education Act"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180326065033/http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/ |date=2018-03-26 }}, Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction. OSPI, n.d. Web (October 11, 2011).</ref>  In hopes of diminishing the [[achievement gap]], the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed to create equal opportunity and access to education through high standards and accountability. These standards and accountability techniques came in the form of standardized testing.<ref name="Education Act" /> For the first time, federal money was being sent into local schools and made the production of test-based evidence mandatory for all educators. Standards were being assessed on these state-created exams, and local schools were then accountable to perform on these exams.<ref name="Education Act" />  In 2002, Congress re-examined ESEA and reauthorized it as No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB).
ESEA created the accountability tool known as [[Adequate Yearly Progress]] (AYP).<ref name="Education Act" /> AYP is a required statewide accountability system which requires each state to ensure that all schools and districts make AYP.<ref name="Education Act" /> AYP is simply a “statewide accountability system mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 which requires each state to ensure that all schools and districts make Adequate Yearly Progress".<ref>"California Department of Education." Adequate Yearly Progress. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct 2011. Available on-line at: [http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ay/ California Dept. of Education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010084656/http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/ac/ay/ |date=2011-10-10 }}</ref>  Since ESEA was passed, states and schools across the country have been working to improve its academics standards and assessments to ensure students graduate with the knowledge and skills most demanded by college and careers.<ref name="Powerpoint" /> As a result of NCLB, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have created state standardized tests for all children that are mandatory for graduation from high school. These tests are known as "high-stakes testing" in which schools, administrators, and teachers all become accountable for the test scores of their students.<ref>Au, Wayne (June 2007) "High-Stakes Testing and Curricular Control: A Qualitative Metasynthesis", ''Educational Researcher'', '''36'''(5): 258–267.  Available on-line at: [http://edr.sagepub.com/content/36/5/258.short Sage Publishing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404010114/http://edr.sagepub.com/content/36/5/258.short |date=2013-04-04 }}.</ref>
=== Changes ===
In 2015, the PARCC consortium reevaluated their assessment program based on feedback from the community of schools, educators, and other consortium members. "After a deep evaluation of the assessment system, PARCC adjusted the requirements to include one summative Assessment (SA) to be completed towards the end of the year," a change implemented for the 2015–16 school year.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Adams, Marisa |first=Lyons, Julie |title=PARCC Guidebook: Success Strategies for Teachers |publisher=Lumos Learning |year=2014 |isbn=978-1940484556 |pages=3–4}}</ref>
==Assessment==
The PARCC assessments cover two courses – English language arts/literacy and mathematics – for students between Grade 3 and Grade 11. These exams are intended to be used as indicators of student needs and progress for teachers to identify and address.<ref name="Powerpoint">[http://www.parcconline.org/about-parcc Powerpoint Infographic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220151926/http://www.parcconline.org/about-parcc |date=2012-02-20 }} ''Partnership for Assessment of Readiness for College and Careers'' Web site (October 11, 2011).</ref>
PARCC has also developed a resource library called the Partnership Resource Center, which provides both teachers and parents with access to "computer-adaptive text complexity diagnostic tools".<ref>Hain, Bonnie (2011) "PARCC Consortium - A Five Component Assessment Model." ''Reading Today'', '''29'''(1): 24. Academic Search Premier. Web.  Available on-line at: [http://www.reading.org/Libraries/reading-today-daily/ApproachingAssessment.pdf Reading.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821173756/http://reading.org/Libraries/reading-today-daily/ApproachingAssessment.pdf |date=2013-08-21 }}.</ref>  This initiative is designed to ensure students have access to appropriate-level texts and are prepared to enter college and careers at the right level.
The PARCC assessment is in the process of transitioning to a completely computer-based assessment system, and in the second year of assessments (2015–16), the vast majority of students who took the tests did so on a computer. The assessment platform of choice is TestNav provided by Pearson and the [[TAO (e-Testing platform)|TAO]] Open Source platform has been chosen for non-summative assessment portions.<ref name="TAO">[http://thejournal.com/articles/2015/04/13/parcc-selects-open-source-platform-for-nonsummative-assessments.aspx] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150422232318/http://thejournal.com/articles/2015/04/13/parcc-selects-open-source-platform-for-nonsummative-assessments.aspx?|date=2015-04-22}} ''parcc selects open source platform for nonsummative assessments''</ref>
When administering the PARCC assessment, states will be able to tailor the exams to their standards, classes, and other accountability tools that are unique to each state.
==Membership==
In the spring of 2010,<ref name="About PARCC"/> the District of Columbia decided to join what was, at the time, a group of 24 PARCC states, which included: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Tennessee.
On September 23, 2013, Florida withdrew from Common Core and PARCC, citing unconstitutional involvement by the federal government in states' affairs.<ref>Web site of Governor of Florida: [http://www.flgov.com/2013/09/23/governor-rick-scott-announces-path-forward-for-high-education-standards-decision-to-withdraw-from-parcc/ Florida withdraws from PARCC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928084032/http://www.flgov.com/2013/09/23/governor-rick-scott-announces-path-forward-for-high-education-standards-decision-to-withdraw-from-parcc/ |date=2013-09-28 }}</ref>
In July 2013, a more accurate price estimation was made at $29.50 per student, higher than expected. Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, North Dakota, Alabama, Georgia, and Indiana have each filed the appropriate documentation to withdraw from the PARCC consortium as a result of the increased cost and rising public concern about the Common Core Standards.<ref>Cory Turner and Robert Siegel (July 25, 2013) "Common Core Could Be Disrupted As States Drop Out Of PARCC", NPR (National Public Radio).  Available on-line at: [https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=205548327 NPR news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105160159/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=205548327 |date=2017-11-05 }}</ref>
As of March 25, 2014, only 14 states plus the District of Columbia remained in the PARCC consortium. States that had withdrawn included: Alabama, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Utah.
On January 16, 2015, [[Mississippi]]'s state government voted to withdraw from PARCC.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2015/01/16/mississippi-withdrawing-from-common-core-parcc-consortium/|title = Mississippi withdrawing from Common Core PARCC consortium|last = Strauss|first = Valerie|date = January 16, 2015|access-date = March 1, 2015|newspaper = Washington Post|archive-date = March 16, 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150316081027/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/answer-sheet/wp/2015/01/16/mississippi-withdrawing-from-common-core-parcc-consortium/|url-status = live}}</ref>
On June 30, 2015, Ohio Governor John Kasich, along with the Ohio House and Senate, agreed to drop the PARCC Mathematics and English assessments after its first year of implementation. PARCC tests were not administered in Ohio during the 2015–2016 school year.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2015/06/ohio_dumps_the_parcc_common_core_tests_after_woeful_first_year.html|title = Ohio dumps the PARCC Common Core tests after woeful first year|date = July 2015|access-date = 2015-07-01|archive-date = 2015-07-01|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150701175526/http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2015/06/ohio_dumps_the_parcc_common_core_tests_after_woeful_first_year.html|url-status = live}}</ref>
On July 12, 2016, the Illinois State Board of Education voted to continue giving the PARCC test to students grades 3–8, while high school students will take the SAT instead of PARCC.<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-parcc-test-high-school-met-20160711-story.html| title=Illinois ends much-debated PARCC test for high school students| website=[[Chicago Tribune]]| access-date=2016-07-12| archive-date=2016-07-12| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712123642/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-parcc-test-high-school-met-20160711-story.html| url-status=live}}</ref>
In March 2024, the three active PARCC members were the [[District of Columbia]] (hybrid, and grades 3-10 only), [[Louisiana]] (hybrid, and grades 3-8 only), and [[Massachusetts]] (hybrid, and grades 3-10 only).<ref name="About PARCC" /><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gewertz|first1=Catherine|title=Which States Are Using PARCC or Smarter Balanced?|url=https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/states-using-parcc-or-smarter-balanced.html|journal=Education Week|access-date=2 April 2018|date=2017-02-15|archive-date=2018-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403051915/https://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/states-using-parcc-or-smarter-balanced.html|url-status=live}}</ref> PARCC assessments are also used by the federal [[Bureau of Indian Education]], and the [[Department of Defense Education Activity]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parcconline.org/news-and-video/press-releases/336-department-of-defense-education-activity-joins-parcc|title=Department of Defense Education Activity Joins PARCC|website=www.parcconline.org|access-date=2016-07-05|archive-date=2016-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160704124244/http://www.parcconline.org/news-and-video/press-releases/336-department-of-defense-education-activity-joins-parcc|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bie.edu/cs/groups/xbie/documents/text/idc1-026484.pdf|title=Bureau of Indian Education Strategic Plan|access-date=2016-07-05|archive-date=2016-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203093703/http://bie.edu/cs/groups/xbie/documents/text/idc1-026484.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>
Beginning in the 2023-2024 school year, the [[District of Columbia]] left the PARCC consortium and started their own assessment, DC CAPE.<ref>https://osse.dc.gov/blog/new-name-same-high-quality-introducing-dc-cape</ref><ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2024/04/23/dc-cape-parcc-test-dcps/</ref>
=== Test Participation by States ===
{|
!State!!Current Participation Status
|-
|{{strikethrough|Alabama}}||dropped February, 2013<ref>[http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/curriculum/2013/02/alabama_withdraws_from_both_te.html "Alabama Withdraws From Both Testing Consortia"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208121745/http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/curriculum/2013/02/alabama_withdraws_from_both_te.html |date=2015-12-08 }}. ''Education Week''. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Arizona}}||dropped May, 2014<ref>[http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2014/05/30/arizona-withdraws-parcc-testing-group/9773249/ "Arizona withdraws from PARCC testing group"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018005831/http://www.azcentral.com/story/news/arizona/politics/2014/05/30/arizona-withdraws-parcc-testing-group/9773249/ |date=2014-10-18 }}. ''The Arizona Republic, May 30, 2014''.  Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Arkansas}}||dropped July, 2015<ref>[http://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2015/07/09/governor-gets-his-way-state-board-of-education-votes-to-change-school-test "UPDATED: State Board of Education votes to change school test from PARCC to ACT"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219090412/http://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2015/07/09/governor-gets-his-way-state-board-of-education-votes-to-change-school-test |date=2016-02-19 }}. ''Arkansas Times'', July 9, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|-
|{{strikethrough|Florida}}||dropped September 2013<ref>[http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/gov-rick-scott-calls-for-florida-to-drop-out-of-parcc/2143392 "Gov. Rick Scott calls for Florida to drop out of PARCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208161028/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/gradebook/gov-rick-scott-calls-for-florida-to-drop-out-of-parcc/2143392 |date=2015-12-08 }}. ''Tampa Bay Times'', September 23, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|District of Columbia}}||dropped April 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=DC CAPE {{!}} osse |url=https://osse.dc.gov/dccape |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=osse.dc.gov}}</ref>
|-
|DoDEA
|'''current user'''<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://hechingerreport.org/parcc-is-dead-long-live-parcc/|title=Can the mighty US military save embattled PARCC? - The Hechinger Report|date=2015-10-30|work=The Hechinger Report|access-date=2018-02-09|language=en-US|archive-date=2018-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210003247/http://hechingerreport.org/parcc-is-dead-long-live-parcc/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Georgia}}||dropped July, 2013<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=205548324 "Georgia The Latest State To Back Out Of K-12 PARCC Tests"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105160206/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=205548324 |date=2017-11-05 }}. ''http://npr.org'', Updated July 25, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|<s>Illinois</s>||dropped March 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/ct-life-iar-parcc-state-testing-20190227-story.html|title=Illinois scraps controversial PARCC test in favor of shorter exam with new name|last=Thayer|first=Kate|website=Chicago Tribune|language=en-US|access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Indiana}}||dropped June 2014<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-parcc-test-high-school-met-20160711-story.html "Illinois ends much-debated PARCC test for high school students"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160712123642/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-parcc-test-high-school-met-20160711-story.html |date=2016-07-12 }}. ''Chicago Tribune'', July 11, 2016. Retrieved July 11, 2016.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Kentucky}}||dropped January, 2014<ref>[http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/curriculum/2014/01/kentucky_withdraws_from_parcc_.html "Kentucky Withdraws From PARCC Testing Consortium"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306212620/http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/curriculum/2014/01/kentucky_withdraws_from_parcc_.html |date=2014-03-06 }}. ''Education Week'', January 31, 2014.  Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|Louisiana||uses hybrid PARCC/state test<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thejournal.com/articles/2015/12/01/louisiana-to-try-blend-of-parcc-and-state-developed-assessments.aspx|title=Louisiana To Try Blend of PARCC and State-Developed Assessments -- THE Journal|website=THE Journal|access-date=2016-07-05|archive-date=2016-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915023337/https://thejournal.com/articles/2015/12/01/louisiana-to-try-blend-of-parcc-and-state-developed-assessments.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mercedes-schneider/parcc-is-down-to-dc-plus-_b_6286010.html "PARCC Is Down to DC Plus Ten States, and Louisiana Isn't One of Them"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113957/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/mercedes-schneider/parcc-is-down-to-dc-plus-_b_6286010.html |date=2015-12-08 }}. ''Huff Post Education'', December 8, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
||{{strikethrough|Maryland}}||dropped September, 2018<ref>[http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/education/k-12/bs-md-parcc-replacement-test-20180905-story.html Maryland planning new state standardized tests to replace PARCC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917215601/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/education/k-12/bs-md-parcc-replacement-test-20180905-story.html |date=2018-09-17 }}. ''Baltimore Sun''. September 11, 2018. Retrieved September 17, 2018</ref>
|-
|Massachusetts||uses hybrid PARCC/state test<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.doe.mass.edu/mcas/nextgen/|title=Next-Generation MCAS - Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System|website=www.doe.mass.edu|access-date=2016-07-05|archive-date=2016-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707001820/http://www.doe.mass.edu/mcas/nextgen/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Mississippi}}||dropped January, 2015<ref>[http://djournal.com/news/state-withdraws-testing-consortium/ "State withdraws from testing consortium"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208073401/http://djournal.com/news/state-withdraws-testing-consortium/ |date=2015-12-08 }}. ''djournal.com'', January 17, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|New Jersey}}||dropped February, 2019<ref>[https://parentingthecore.com/2018/12/31/appellate-division-kills-zombie-parcc/ Appellate Division Kills Zombie PARCC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240524145715/https://parentingthecore.com/2018/12/31/appellate-division-kills-zombie-parcc/ |date=2024-05-24 }}. ''Parenting the Core'', December 31, 2018</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|New Mexico}}||dropped January, 2019<ref>[https://www.kob.com/new-mexico-news/governor-signs-executive-order-to-end-parcc-testing/5197717/ "Governor signs executive order to end PARCC testing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104005318/https://www.kob.com/new-mexico-news/governor-signs-executive-order-to-end-parcc-testing/5197717/ |date=2019-01-04 }}. ''KOB4'', January 4, 2019.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|North Dakota}}||dropped July, 2013<ref>[http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/curriculum/2013/07/north_dakota_drops_out_of_parc.html "North Dakota Drops Out of PARCC, Commits to Smarter Balanced"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208124300/http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/curriculum/2013/07/north_dakota_drops_out_of_parc.html |date=2015-12-08 }}. ''Education Week'', May 17, 2013. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Ohio}}||dropped June 2015<ref>[http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2015/06/ohio_dumps_the_parcc_common_core_tests_after_woeful_first_year.html "Ohio dumps the PARCC Common Core tests after woeful first year"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701175526/http://www.cleveland.com/metro/index.ssf/2015/06/ohio_dumps_the_parcc_common_core_tests_after_woeful_first_year.html |date=2015-07-01 }}. ''The Plain Dealer'', June 30, 2015. Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Oklahoma}}||dropped July 2013<ref>[http://truthinamericaneducation.com/common-core-assessments/oklahoma-pulls-out-of-parcc/ "Oklahoma Pulls Out of PARCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207063211/http://truthinamericaneducation.com/common-core-assessments/oklahoma-pulls-out-of-parcc/ |date=2016-02-07 }}. "Truth In American Education,"  July 2013.  Retrieved February 6, 2016.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Pennsylvania}}||dropped March 2014
|-
|{{strikethrough|Rhode Island}}||dropped April 2017<ref>[http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20170413/ri-adopting-mass-test-to-measure-student-performance-ditching-parcc "R.I. adopting Mass. test to measure student performance, ditching PARCC"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416125614/http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20170413/ri-adopting-mass-test-to-measure-student-performance-ditching-parcc |date=2017-04-16 }}. ''Povidence Journal'', April 13, 2017.</ref>
|-
|{{strikethrough|Tennessee}}||dropped June, 2014<ref>[http://tn.chalkbeat.org/2014/09/17/who-will-develop-tennessees-next-standardized-test-here-are-some-contenders/ "Who will develop Tennessee’s next standardized test? Here are some contenders"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141635/http://tn.chalkbeat.org/2014/09/17/who-will-develop-tennessees-next-standardized-test-here-are-some-contenders/ |date=2015-12-08 }}. ''[[Chalkbeat]] Tennessee'', September 17, 2014.  Retrieved December 7, 2015.</ref>
|}
==References==
<references/>
==External links==
* [http://www.parcconline.org/take-the-test PARCC Practice Tests]
* [http://www.parcconline.org/samples/item-task-prototypes PARCC Sample Items]
* [http://lumoslearning.com/llwp/resources/common-core-parcc-practice-tests-and-sample-questions.html Math and ELA PARCC Practice]
* [https://www.practutor.com/PARCCandSBAC Prepare for PARCC]
* [http://nextgen.apps.sparcc.org/math/3-5 PARCC Practice]
* [http://pioneerinstitute.org/featured/common-core-math-will-reduce-enrollment-in-high-level-high-school-courses/ Common Core Math Will Reduce Enrollment in High-Level High-School Courses]
[[Category:Educational organizations based in the United States]]