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{{Short description|Principles of rave culture}}
'''Peace Love Unity Respect''', commonly shortened to '''PLUR''', is a set of principles that is associated with [[rave]] culture, originating in the [[United States]]. <!--Originating from early [[Internet forum|online discussions]] about rave culture conducted on [[Usenet]], it...--> It has been commonly used since the early 1990s when it became commonplace in [[nightclub]] and rave flyers and especially on club paraphernalia advertising underground outdoor [[trance music]] parties. It has since expanded to the larger rave dance music culture as well.
== PLUR and rave culture ==
PLUR can be interpreted as the essential [[philosophy]] of life and [[ethics|ethical]] guideline for ravers and [[Clubbing (subculture)|clubbers]], at least insomuch as it relates to interpersonal relationships, with basic directions on how people are expected to behave at a rave gathering or in a dance club. This [[universalism|universalist]] philosophy underpinning the tribal dance culture which began circling the globe with the rise of the [[internet]], theoretically takes precedence over any chemical or musical aspects of the rave scene.<ref>{{cite book |title=Rave Culture and Religion |last=St. John |first=Graham |publisher=Routledge |year=2004 |page=149 |isbn=0-415-31449-6}}</ref> Raves represent a modern [[ritual]]istic experience, promoting a strong communal sense, where PLUR is considered an [[ideology]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Marshall| first=Douglas| date=2002-11-01| title=Behavior, Belonging, and Belief: A Theory of Ritual Practice| jstor=3108616| journal=Sociological Theory| publisher=American Sociological Association| volume=20| issue=3| pages=360–380| doi=10.1111/1467-9558.00168| s2cid=143293918}}</ref> The four terms, among others – "Peace, Love, Freedom, Tolerance, Unity, Harmony, Expression, Responsibility and Respect" – are also part of the anonymous "Raver's Manifesto" (claimed to be written by Maria Pike in 2001) which has widely been spread among the international rave subculture.<ref>[https://frankiebones.tumblr.com/post/124796352418/the-ravers-manifesto/ The Raver's Manifesto with commentary by Frankie Bones on his website]</ref>
The [[Kandi bracelet#PLUR handshake|PLUR handshake]] is used in [[kandi bracelet]] trading.<ref>{{Cite web |last=kkussman |title=PLUR Handshake and the Exchanging of Kandi – Rave Culture {{!}} USC Digital Folklore Archives |url=http://folklore.usc.edu/plur-handshake-and-the-exchanging-of-kandi-rave-culture/ |access-date=2023-02-08 |language=en-US}}</ref>
== Elements ==
* [[Peace]] – The gentle resolution of negative emotions and conflict.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
* [[Love]] – Performing acts and sharing feelings of goodwill towards others. The exchange of gestures such as hugging occurs frequently at a rave, and is considered a way of "spreading the love."<ref>{{cite web|title=How Frankie Bones Storm Rave Birthed The PLUR Movement|url=https://thump.vice.com/en_us/article/how-frankie-bones-storm-rave-birthed-the-plur-movement/}}</ref>
* Unity – Welcoming others into the community, and coming together regardless of personal differences.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
* [[Respect]] – Showing sensitivity for the feelings of others, and accepting one another with tolerance and without judgement. Treating each other as one would like to be treated.{{cn|date=August 2024}}
== Origins ==
PLUR is an aggregation of ideas that were part of the earlier [[hippie]] and [[peace movement]] ("peace", "love") and [[Black Power|black]] and [[hip hop]] culture ("respect"). Specific use of the term dates to the early 1990s [[rave]] scene.<ref name=conner>{{Cite web|url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/395a/6837f945d4ed600f2fc57eb1a163347956b5.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014032301/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/395a/6837f945d4ed600f2fc57eb1a163347956b5.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2019-10-14|author=Christopher T. Conner|title=Electronic Dance Music: From Deviant Subculture to Culture Industry|date=2015|page=46|s2cid=147687776}}</ref> <!--The term began as an informal discussion on [[usenet]] lists alt.rave and alt.culture.zippies.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} SF-raves mailing list archived at hyperreal.org also noted the use of the term, and there is a flyer archive which might contain evidence of the existence of the term.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}}--> One of the most influential uses of the term was made by [[Frankie Bones|DJ Frankie Bones]] in June 1993. In response to a fight in the audience of one of his Storm Raves in Brooklyn, Bones took the microphone and proclaimed: "If you don't start showing some peace, love, and unity, I'll break your faces."<ref name=conner></ref><ref name=dailybeast>{{cite news |url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-graffiti-kids-who-became-raver-kings|title=The Graffiti Kids Who Became Raver Kings|author=Steve Powers|work=The Daily Beast|date=6 June 2015 }}</ref> It is also reported that as early as "on July 4, 1990, [...] Frankie's brother and Storm Rave collaborator Adam X painted 'Peace Love Unity' on a train car".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thump.vice.com/en_uk/article/pg8d4g/how-new-york-legend-frankie-bones-became-the-godfather-of-the-plur-movement|title=How New York Legend Frankie Bones Became the Godfather of the PLUR Movement|date=2015-05-14|work=Thump|access-date=2018-01-11|language=en-uk}}</ref> The fourth term, "Respect" was championed by Laura La Gassa (wife of [[Brian Behlendorf]]).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070815175115/http://hyperreal.org/~laura/plur.html PLUR: P(eace), L(ove), U(nity), R(espect) on Northeast Raves CybertribeNortheast Raves Cybertribe]</ref>
==Variations==
Another variation is PLURR - Peace. Love. Unity. Respect. Responsibility.
Several other variations on the same four words, but in a different order (e.g. LURP), have been proposed. However, none of these are commonly used.
Another variation is PLUM, with "M" standing for "movement".<ref name=dailybeast></ref> Also, the first three elements, "Peace, Love, Unity" are used separately.<ref name=dailybeast></ref> An example for this is the title of [[DJ Hype]]'s 1996 track "Peace, Love & Unity".<ref>[https://www.discogs.com/DJ-Hype-Featuring-MC-Fats-DJ-Hype-Peace-Love-Unity-And-Remember-Folks/release/1773 DJ Hype: "Peace, Love & Unity" (1996) on Discogs]</ref>
Later incarnations and variations of PLUR can be seen in the adoption of [[Pronoia (psychology)|Pronoia]] and also [[Ubuntu (philosophy)|Ubuntu]], with PLUR and Pronoia often being interchangeable terms, depending upon one's company. {{citation needed|date=June 2015}}
== References ==
<references />
==External links==
{{Wiktionary|PLUR}}
* [http://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/PLUR ''PLUR''] acronym definitions
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[[Category:Peace in culture]]
[[Category:Love]]
[[Category:Rave]]
[[Category:Electronic dance music]]
[[Category:Etiquette]]
[[Category:Acronyms]]
[[sl:PLUR]]