View source for PPSh-41

{{Multiple issues|
{{Unreliable sources|date=August 2023}}
{{More footnotes needed|date=August 2023}}
}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = PPSh-41
| image              = PPSh-41 from soviet.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = PPSh-41 with a 71-round drum magazine
| origin             = [[Soviet Union]]
| type               = [[Submachine gun]]
<!-- Type selection -->| is_ranged          = yes
<!-- Service history -->| service            = 1941–1950s (USSR)<br/>1941–present (Other countries)
| used_by            = See ''[[PPSh-41#Users|Users]]''
| wars               = * [[World War II]]<ref name="bishop1998">{{cite book |last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=Guns in Combat |publisher=[[Chartwell Books]] |year=1998 |isbn=0-7858-0844-2}}</ref>
* [[Guerrilla war in the Baltic states]]
* [[Iran crisis of 1946]]
* [[First Indochina War]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p= 68}}
* [[Malayan Emergency]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C1203998 |title=PPSh 41 Submachine Gun : North Korean Forces |website=[[Australian War Memorial]]}}</ref>
* [[Korean War]]<ref name = "bishop1998" />
* [[Hungarian Revolution of 1956]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=74}}
* [[Portuguese Colonial War]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=73}}{{sfn|Venter|2017|page=411}}
* [[Bay of Pigs Invasion]]<ref name="Cuba"/>
* [[Sino-Indian War]]
* [[Vietnam War]]<ref name="bishop1998"/>
* [[Sino-Vietnamese War]]
* [[Rhodesian Bush War]]<ref name="blackfire">{{cite book |last=Raeburn |first=Michael |title=We Are Everywhere: Narratives from Rhodesian Guerillas |date=1978 |location=New York City |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-0-39450-530-5 |pages=1–209}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.rhodesia.nl/jackal.htm |title=Jackal Hunt One |magazine=Outpost |date=March 1968 |publisher=[[British South Africa Police]] |via=Rhodesia.nl |access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref>
* [[Cambodian Civil War]]
* [[Yom Kippur War]]{{sfn|Campbell|2016|page=26}}
* [[Lebanese Civil War]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=68}}
* [[Ogaden War]]
* [[Soviet–Afghan War]]<ref>{{cite magazine |title=The Soviets after Afghanistan: Armaggedon in the Middle East |first=Hamilton H. |last=Howze |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETVEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA147 |pages=45–50 |date=July 1983 |magazine=Army |volume=33 |issue=7 |via=Google Books}}</ref>
* [[Somali Civil War]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=23}}
* [[Yugoslav Wars]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=69}}
* [[Iraq War]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=69}}
* [[Syrian Civil War]]
* [[Russo-Ukrainian War]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[Georgy Shpagin]]
| design_date        = 1941
| manufacturer       = Numerous
| production_date    = 1941–1947 (USSR)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.angelfire.com/ar/classicfirearms/PPSh41.html |title=PPSh41 Submachine Gun |website=Classic Firearms |access-date=29 March 2018}}</ref>
| number             = Approx. 6,000,000
| variants           = See ''[[PPSh-41#Variants|Variants]]''
| unit_cost          = Ca. 50-80 rubles (WWII) (~161-258 USD today)
<!-- General specifications -->| weight             = {{convert|3.63|kg|lb|1|abbr=on}} (without magazine)
| length             = {{convert|843|mm|in|abbr=on}}
| part_length        = {{convert|269|mm|abbr=on|1}}
| width              =
| height             = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
| cartridge          = [[7.62×25mm Tokarev]]
[[7.63×25mm Mauser]]
[[9×19mm Parabellum]]
| action             = [[Blowback (firearms)|Blowback]], [[open bolt]]
| rate               = 900-1000 RPM
| velocity           = 488 m/s (1,600.6 ft/s)
| range              = 150 m<ref name="korwar">{{cite book |last=Edwards |first=Paul M. |title=The Korean War |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=2006 |location=Westport, CT |page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xA34hGXAjlIC&pg=PA77 |isbn=0-313-33248-7}}</ref> - 200 m<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oj53AgAAQBAJ&q=ppsh+41+200+m&pg=PA9 |title=World War II: Weapons |last1=Taylor |first1=Mike |date=September 2011 |location=Edina, MN |publisher=Abdo Publishing Company |isbn=978-1-61478-027-4}}</ref>
| feed               = 35-round [[box magazine]] or 71-round [[drum magazine]]<br/>32-round [[box magazine]] (Captured German versions)
| sights             = [[Iron sight]]s
}}
The '''PPSh-41''' ({{Lang-rus|Пистоле́т-пулемёт Шпа́гина-41|r=Pistolét-pulemyót Shpágina-41|t=Shpagin's machine-pistol-41}}) is a [[selective-fire]], [[Open bolt|open-bolt]], [[Blowback (firearms)|blowback]] submachine gun that fires the [[7.62×25mm Tokarev]] round. It was designed by [[Georgy Shpagin]] of the [[Soviet Union]] to be a cheaper and simplified alternative to the [[PPD-40]].
The PPSh-41 saw extensive combat during [[World War II]] and the [[Korean War]]. It became one of the major infantry weapons of the [[Red Army]] during World War II, with about six million PPSh-41s manufactured during the period.
The firearm is made largely of [[stamping (metalworking)|stamped steel]], and can be loaded with either a box or [[drum magazine]].
==History==
===World War II===
[[File:PPSh-41 with box magazine 1942 001.jpg|thumb|left|A 1942 PPSh-41 with a 35-round box magazine]]
The impetus for the development of the PPSh came from the [[Winter War]] (November 1939 to March 1940) between the Soviet Union and Finland, when the Finnish Army employed the [[Suomi KP/-31]] submachine gun as a highly effective tool for close-quarter fighting in forests and built-up urban areas. The Red Army's older [[PPD-34]] had been in mass production since 1934, but it was expensive to manufacture, both in terms of material and labor, as it used numerous [[milling (machining)|milled metal]] parts (particularly for its receiver). The firearm-designer Georgy Shpagin wanted to reduce costs by using metal stamping for the production of the parts. In September 1940 Shpagin developed a prototype PPSh which also featured a simple [[Muzzle compensator | gas-compensator]] designed to prevent the muzzle from rising during bursts; this improved [[shot grouping]] by about 70% relative to the PPD.<ref name="bolotin">{{cite book |last= Болотин |first= Давид |script-title= ru:История советского стрелкового оружия и патронов |trans-title= History of Soviet Small Arms and Ammunition |pages=109–114 |publisher=Полигон |year=1995 |isbn=5-85503-072-5 |language=ru}}</ref>
The new weapon was produced in a network of factories in [[Moscow]], with high-level local [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Party members]] made directly responsible for meeting production-targets. A few hundred weapons were produced in November 1941 and another 155,000 were made during the next five months. By spring 1942, the PPSh factories were producing roughly 3,069 units a day.<ref>{{cite book |last=Braithwaite |first=Rodric |author-link=Rodric Braithwaite |date= 2006 |title= Moscow 1941: A City and its People at War |location= London, UK |publisher= Profile Books |page= 236 |isbn= 978-1-86197-759-5}}</ref> Soviet production figures for 1942 indicate an output of almost 1.5 million units.<ref name="bolotin"/>The PPSh-41 uses 87 components (compared to 95 for the [[PPD-40]]), and the PPSh could be manufactured with an estimated 5.6 machining hours (later revised to 7.3 hours) compared with 13.7 hours for the PPD.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cruffler.com/trivia-March01.html |title=Kalashnikov, Part 2: Soviet Political Economy and the Design Evolution of the Kalashnikov Avtomat |website= Cruffler.com |access-date= 2010-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last= Болотин |first= Давид |script-title= ru:История советского стрелкового оружия и патронов |pages= 111 for the early estimate vs. PPD and p. 119 for comparison with PPS |publisher= Полигон |year= 1995 |isbn= 5-85503-072-5 |language= ru}}</ref> Barrel production was often simplified by using barrels for the 7.62mm [[Mosin–Nagant]]: the rifle barrel was cut in half and two PPSh barrels were made from it after machining the chamber for the [[7.62×25mm Tokarev]] cartridge.<ref>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=izGOfMdSm2IC&pg=PA141 |last= Pauly |first= Roger |date= 2004 |title= Firearms: The Life Story of a Technology |location=Westport, CT |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |page=141 |isbn= 0-313-32796-3}}</ref>
After the [[German Army (1935–1945) | German Army]] captured large numbers of the PPSh-41 in the course of the [[German-Soviet War]] of 1941-1945, Berlin instituted a program to convert the [[War trophy | trophy]] weapons to use the standard German submachine-gun cartridge – the [[9×19mm Parabellum]]. The {{lang | de | [[Wehrmacht]]}} officially adopted the converted PPSh-41 as the "MP41(r)" (as distinct from the [[Schmeisser MP41]]); unconverted PPSh-41s were designated "MP717(r)" and supplied with [[7.63×25mm Mauser]] ammunition. German-language manuals for the use of captured PPShs were printed and distributed in the ''Wehrmacht''.<ref name="ppsh41">{{cite web |url= http://www.ppsh41.com/ppsh2.html |title= 9 mm Conversion of the PPSh-41 |website= Bill's PPSh-41 Pages |access-date= 2010-03-21}}</ref> In addition to barrel replacement, converted PPSh-41s also had a magazine adapter installed, allowing them to use [[MP 40]] magazines. The less powerful 9mm round generally reduces the cyclic rate of fire from 800 to 750 RPM. (Modern aftermarket conversion-kits based on the original {{lang | de | Wehrmacht}} one also exist, using a variety of magazines, including Sten magazines.)
[[File:PPSh-PPS-mags.jpg|left|thumb|PPSh (left) compared to PPS (right) box magazine]]
As standard, each PPSh-41 came with two factory-fitted drum magazines, matched to the weapon with marked serial-numbers. If drum magazines were mixed and used with different serial-numbered PPSh-41, a loose fitting could result in poor retention and failure to feed. Drum magazines were superseded by a simpler PPS-42 box-type magazine holding 35 rounds, although an improved drum magazine made from 1&nbsp;mm thick steel was also introduced in 1944.<ref name="bolotin"/>
In 1943 the Red Army introduced the [[PPS-43]], which was even more basic in its design than the PPSh-41 and had a more moderate rate of fire, but it did not replace the PPSh-41 during the war.
The Soviet Union also experimented with the PPSh-41 in a [[close air support | close air-support]] [[Anti-personnel weapon|antipersonnel role]], mounting 88 of the submachine guns in forward fuselage racks on the Tu-2Sh variant of the [[Tupolev Tu-2]] bomber.<ref name="xs4all">{{cite web |url= http://www.ppsh41.com/index-2.html |title= Tu-2 Gunships! |website= Bill's PPSh-41 Pages |access-date=2010-11-23}}</ref>
The USSR had produced more than five million PPSh-41 submachine guns by the end of [[World War II]]. The Red Army would often equip platoons - and sometimes entire companies - with the weapon, giving them excellent short-range firepower.<ref>{{cite book |last1= Bishop |first1= Chris |title= The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II |date= 2002 |publisher= MetroBooks |location= New York |isbn= 978-1-58663-762-0 |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MuGsf0psjvcC |access-date= 19 October 2014}}</ref> Thousands were dropped behind enemy lines in order to equip [[Soviet partisans]] to disrupt [[Axis powers | Axis]] operations, supply-lines and communications.
===Korean War===
[[File:Soviet PPSH-41 SMG.jpg|thumb|left|Soviet PPSH-41 submachine gun, Fort Lewis Military Museum, Fort Lewis, Washington, U.S. - part of a display of the weapons of the Korean War]]
After the Second World War, the USSR supplied the  PPSh in large quantities to [[Soviet bloc | Soviet-aligned states]] and to Communist guerrilla forces. During the [[Korean War]] of 1950 to 1953, North Korea's [[Korean People's Army]] (KPA) and the Chinese [[People's Volunteer Army]] (PVA) fighting in Korea received massive numbers of the PPSh-41, in addition to the North Korean Type 49 and the Chinese Type 50 - each licensed copies of the PPSh-41 with small mechanical revisions.{{sfn|McNab|2014|pp=22-23}}
Though relatively inaccurate, the Chinese PPSh has a high rate of fire and was well-suited to the close-range firefights that typically occurred in Korea, especially at night.<ref name="Halberstam447">{{cite book |last=Halberstam |first= David |title=The Coldest Winter |publisher=Hyperion Press |year=2007 |page=[https://archive.org/details/coldestwinterame00halb/page/447 447] |isbn= 978-1-4013-0052-4 |url-access=registration |url= https://archive.org/details/coldestwinterame00halb/page/447}}</ref> [[United Nations Command | United Nations]] forces in defensive outposts or on patrol often had trouble returning a sufficient volume of fire when attacked by companies of infantry armed with the PPSh. Some U.S. infantry officers ranked the PPSh as the best combat-weapon of the war: while lacking the accuracy of the U.S. [[M1 Garand]] and [[M1 carbine]], it provided more firepower at short distances.<ref name="Halberstam447"/> Infantry captain (later general) [[Hal Moore]], stated: "on full automatic it sprayed a lot of bullets and most of the killing in Korea was done at very close ranges and it was done quickly – a matter of who responded faster. In situations like that it outclassed and outgunned what we had. A close-in patrol fight was over very quickly and usually we lost because of it."<ref name="Halberstam447"/> U.S. servicemen, however, felt that their [[M2 carbine]]s were superior to the PPSh-41.<ref>
{{cite book
|last1                = Thompson
|first1               = Leroy
|date                 = 20 November 2011
|title                = The M1 Carbine
|publisher            = Bloomsbury Publishing
|page                 = 56
|isbn                 = 9781849086202
|quote                = During the immediate postwar years, the M1 and M2 Carbines next saw combat with US troops in Korea. A large proportion of the carbines issued for Korea were the M2 model, which US soldiers and Marines seemed to feel performed quite well in comparison with the Chinese-supplied PPSh-41 “Burp Gun.”
}}
</ref>
==Features==
[[File:Mémorial uniforme soviétique WWII.JPG|thumb|right|A PPSh-41 on display]]
The PPSh-41 fires the standard Soviet pistol and submachine gun cartridge, the 7.62×25mm Tokarev. Weighing approximately 12 pounds (5.45&nbsp;kg) with a loaded 71-round drum and 9.5 pounds (4.32&nbsp;kg) with a loaded 35-round box magazine. The PPSh is capable of a rate of about 1250 rounds per minute,<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCollum |first=Ian |date=December 16, 2017 |title=The Iconic "Burp Gun" – Shooting the PPSh-41 |url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/the-iconic-burp-gun-shooting-the-ppsh-41/ |access-date=December 11, 2021 |website=Forgotten Weapons |quote=The Soviet PPSh-41 submachine gun is most distinctive for its very high rate of fire – approximately 1250 rounds/minute}}</ref> a very high [[rate of fire]] in comparison to most other military submachine guns of World War II. It is a durable, low-maintenance weapon made of low-cost, easily obtained components, primarily stamped sheet metal and wood. The final production PPShs have top ejection and an ''L'' type rear sight that can be adjusted for ranges of 100 and 200 meters. A crude [[Muzzle brake|compensator]] is built into the barrel jacket, intended to reduce [[muzzle climb]] during automatic fire. The compensator was moderately successful in this respect, but it greatly increased the [[muzzle flash]] and report of the weapon. The PPSh also has a hinged receiver to facilitate field-stripping and cleaning the weapon.
A chrome-lined bore enables the PPSh to withstand both corrosive ammunition and long intervals between cleaning. No forward grip or forearm was provided, and the operator generally has to grasp the weapon behind the drum magazine with the supporting hand, or else hold the lower edge of the drum magazine. Though 35-round curved box [[Magazine (firearms)|magazines]] were available from 1942, the average Soviet infantryman in World War II carried the PPSh with the original 71-round [[drum magazine]].<ref name="worldguns">{{cite web |url=http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg02-e.htm |title=Shpagin PPSh-41 submachine gun (USSR) |website=WorldGuns.ru |access-date=2010-03-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100308033040/http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg02-e.htm |archive-date=2010-03-08}}</ref>
Although the PPSh drum magazine holds 71 rounds, misfeeding is likely to occur with more than about 65.<ref>{{cite book |last=Mosier |first=John |date=2003 |title=The Blitzkrieg Myth : How Hitler and the Allies misread the strategic realities of World War II |location=New York City |publisher=Perennial |page=86 |isbn=978-0-06000-977-9}}</ref> In addition to feed issues, the drum magazine is slower and more complicated to load with ammunition than the later 35-round box magazine that increasingly supplemented the drum after 1942. While holding fewer rounds, the box magazine does have the advantage of providing a superior hold for the supporting hand. Although the PPSh is equipped with a sliding bolt safety, the weapon's open-bolt design still presents a risk of accidental discharge if the gun is dropped on a hard surface.
==Users==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 116-168-618, Russland, Kampf um Stalingrad, Soldat mit MPi.jpg|thumb|[[German Army (1935–1945)|German Army]] captain Wilhelm Traub armed with a PPSh-41 in [[Stalingrad]] during the autumn of 1942.]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-E0406-0022-011, Russland, deutscher Kriegsgefangener.jpg|thumb|right|A Red Army soldier armed with a PPSh-41 marches a German soldier into captivity after the [[Battle of Stalingrad]], 1943.]]
[[File:PPSh-41 Users.png|thumb|A map with users of the PPSh-41 in blue and former users in red]]
===Current===
* {{flag|North Korea}} − Licensed copies under the designation "Type 49".<ref name="Weapon">{{cite web |title=North Korea Country Handbook 1997, Appendix A: Equipment Recognition, PPSH 1943 SUBMACHINEGUN [sic] (TYPE-50 CHINA/MODEL-49 DPRK) |page=A-79 |author=US Department of Defense |url=https://fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/nkor.pdf}}</ref> Used by the [[Worker-Peasant Red Guards]]<ref>{{cite news |last1=Newdick |first1=Thomas |title=North Korea Trades Missiles For Militias At Its Latest Parade |url=https://www.twz.com/42313/north-korea-trades-missiles-for-militias-at-its-latest-parade |access-date=19 April 2024 |work=The War Zone |date=9 September 2021 |language=en}}</ref>
*{{flagicon image|War Flag of Novorussia.svg}} [[Russian separatist forces in Ukraine]] − Limited usage in the beginning of the [[war in Donbas]].<ref name="ARES">{{cite web |last1=Ferguson |first1=Jonathan |last2=Jenzen-Jones |first2=N.R. |date=2014 |title=Raising Red Flags: An Examination of Arms & Munitions in the Ongoing Conflict in Ukraine. (Research Report No. 3) |url=http://armamentresearch.com/Uploads/Research%20Report%20No.%203%20-%20Raising%20Red%20Flags.pdf |access-date=4 February 2015 |website=ARES|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629062931/https://armamentresearch.com/Uploads/Research%20Report%20No.%203%20-%20Raising%20Red%20Flags.pdf|archive-date=June 29, 2023}}</ref>
*{{flag|Syrian opposition}} − Limited usage in the [[Syrian civil war]]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shanley |first1=Jack |last2=F. |first2=Mick |title=Analysing the Online Arms Trade in Opposition-controlled Syria: March 2021 update |url=https://armamentresearch.com/analysing-the-online-arms-trade-in-opposition-controlled-syria-march-2021-update/ |website=The Hoplite |publisher=Armament Research Services (ARES) |access-date=12 May 2024 |date=30 April 2021}}</ref>
*{{Flag|Ukraine}} − As of 2011, 300,000 were stored in Ministry of Defense warehouses.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-27 |title=Перелік військового майна Збройних Сил, яке може бути... {{!}} від 15.08.2011 № 1022-р (Сторінка 9 з 14) |url=http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/22%D0%B0-2011-%D1%80/page9 |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160927213927/http://zakon4.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/22%D0%B0-2011-%D1%80/page9 |archive-date=27 September 2016 }}</ref> Some use during the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian combatant with a couple of Retro themed weapons. The fighter appears to be carrying an Beretta MG42/59 Machine gun (chambered in 7.62x51 NATO) and a Soviet PPSh-41 submachine gun. |url=https://twitter.com/war_noir/status/1534370914510548993 |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Twitter |language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718020006/https://twitter.com/war_noir/status/1534370914510548993|archive-date=July 18, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukrainian fighter with a PPSH-41 and a Kubelwagen |url=https://twitter.com/jmscaronte/status/1501533193736011778 |access-date=2023-07-18 |website=Twitter |language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230718020013/https://twitter.com/jmscaronte/status/1501533193736011778|archive-date=July 18, 2023}}</ref>
===Former===
* {{flag|Afghanistan|1978}} − Formerly in service with the Afghan Army, until the 1980s.<ref>{{cite book |last=Кашуба |first=Г. П. |date=1981 |title=Афганские встречи |trans-title=Afghan Meetings |language=ru |location=Moskva |publisher=Izd-vo [[DOSAAF]] |page=73}}</ref> Also used by various pro [[People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan|PDPA]] civilian militias.<ref>{{cite book |title=Афганистан сегодня: фотоальбом |first1=Хайдар |last1=Масуд |first2=А. Н. |last2=Сахаров |publisher=Планета |date=1981 |pages=202–203 |language=ru}}</ref>
* {{flag|Albania}}<ref name="jones2009">{{cite book |editor1-first=Richard D. |editor1-last=Jones |editor2-first=Leland S. |editor2-last=Ness |title=Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 |date=January 27, 2009 |edition=35th |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Coulsdon |isbn=978-0-7106-2869-5}}</ref>
* {{ANG}} − Used by [[MPLA]] forces during the [[Angolan War of Independence]].{{sfn|McNab|2014|page=73}}{{sfn|Venter|2017|page=411}}
* {{flag|Austria}}<ref name="SmallArmsToday88austria">{{cite book| last = Ezell| first = Edward| author-link = Edward C. Ezell| title = Small Arms Today| publisher = Stackpole Books| volume = 2nd| edition = | date = 1988
| pages = 47| language = English | isbn = 0811722805| jfm =}}</ref> Soviet Origin. Used by some Motorcycle Riders as the "MP-41". Replaced by the [[Steyr AUG|STG-77]].
* {{flag|Bulgaria}}<ref>{{cite book |last=de Quesada |first=Alejandro |title=MP 38 and MP 40 Submachine Guns |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-78096-388-4 |page=52 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=81mbCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA52}}</ref>
*{{flag|China}} − Made licensed copies under the designation "Type 50".<ref name="miller2001">{{cite book |last=Miller |first=David |date=2001 |title=The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns |location=London, UK |publisher=Salamander Books Ltd |isbn=1-84065-245-4}}</ref>
* {{flag|Independent State of Croatia|name=Croatia}}<ref>{{cite book |title=World War II Croatian Legionaries: Croatian Troops Under Axis Command 1941—45 |first=Vladimir |last=Brnardic |date=22 November 2016 |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-1767-9 |page=9}}</ref>
* {{flag|Cuba}}<ref name="Cuba">{{cite book |title=The Bay of Pigs: Cuba 1961 |series=Elite 166 |first=Alejandro |last=de Quesada |date=10 January 2009 |isbn=978-1-84603-323-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EE-1CwAAQBAJ |page=60}}</ref>
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}} − Used during{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=50}} and after [[World War II]] until succeeded by the [[vz. 58]].{{cn|date=August 2023}}
* {{flag|East Germany}} − Used by the [[Border Troops of the German Democratic Republic|East German ''Grenztruppen der DDR'']] and the [[Combat Groups of the Working Class|''Kampfgruppen der Arbeiterklasse'']] This weapon became iconic especially due to its presence during the construction of the [[Berlin Wall]] being used by both the KdA and GT. Designated "MPi41" in DDR service, the PPSh-41 was gradually replaced by the [[AK-47]] beginning in 1960.<ref name=BerlinWall>{{cite book |last=Rottman |first=Gordon |title=The Berlin Wall and the Intra-German Border 1961-89 |year=2008 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-84603-193-9 |page=44}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Estonia}} [[Forest Brothers|Estonia]] − [[Estonian partisans]] used captured SMGs against the Soviets in 1941.<ref>{{cite book |title=Germany's Eastern Front Allies (2): Baltic Forces |series=Men-at-Arms |number=363 |first1=Nigel |last1=Thomas |first2=Carlos |last2=Caballero Jurado |date=25 January 2002 |isbn=978-1-84176-193-0 |page=41 |publisher=Osprey Publishing}}</ref>
*{{flag|Ethiopia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Finland}}{{sfn|McNab|2014|page=22}} − At least 2,500 were captured and used during the [[Continuation war]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=David |last2=Mignone |first2=V. |title=Soviet Soldier vs Finnish Soldier: The Continuation War 1941–44 |date=2020 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-3831-5 |page=65 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cq-1DwAAQBAJ&dq=ppsh-41+captured+finland&pg=PA65 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{flag|Georgia|1990}} − Used during civil conflicts in 1990s.<ref name ='SAS 1998 4'>{{cite book |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/B-Occasional-papers/SAS-OP06-Georgia.pdf |title=Politics From The Barrel of a Gun |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1998 |author=Small Arms Survey |author-link=Small Arms Survey |page=40 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112185639/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/B-Occasional-papers/SAS-OP06-Georgia.pdf |archive-date=January 12, 2011}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2023}}
* {{flag|Guinea}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Guinea Bissau}} − Used by the [[PAIGC]] in the [[Guinea-Bissau War of Independence]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Keegan |first=John |author-link=John Keegan |date=1983 |title=World Armies |edition=2nd |location=London, UK |publisher=Macmillan |page=239 |isbn=978-0-33334-079-0}}</ref>
* {{flag|Hungary}} − Captured and reissued PPSh-41s in the early 1940s. Produced a local version in the early 1950s called the "7.62mm Géppisztoly 48.Minta", or simply "48m".<ref name="sunblest">{{cite web |url=http://www.hungariae.com/PPSh41.htm |title=7.62mm Submachine Gun PPSh41 |website=Manowar's Hungarian Weapons & History |access-date=2010-03-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620052420/http://www.hungariae.com/PPSh41.htm|archive-date=June 20, 2023}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2023}}<ref name="Owen">{{cite book |title=Warsaw Pact Infantry and its Weapons: Manportable weapons and equipment in service with the regular and reserve forces of the Soviet Union, Bulgaria, Poland, Rumania, and of Yugoslavia |first=J. I. H. |last=Owen |year=1976 |location=London, UK |publisher=Brassey's Publishers Ltd |page= |isbn=978-0-90460-903-5}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=March 2021}}
*{{flag|Indonesia}}<ref name="bicc">{{cite web |author1=Bonn International Center for Conversion |author-link1=Bonn International Center for Conversion |author2=Bundeswehr Verification Center |title=MP PPSH 41 |url=https://salw-guide.bicc.de/en/weapon/view/22 |access-date=31 August 2018 |website=SALW Guide: Global distribution and visual identification}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|Iran|1964}} [[Pahlavi dynasty|Iran]] − In January 1943, the Iranian government and the Soviet Union signed a deal to produce the PPSh-41 in Iran under license and deliver a number of those submachine guns to the Soviet Union. Limited numbers of the PPSh-41 were produced and the production line was closed before World War Two ended. After the end of the war unknown numbers were produced and were used by ''Shahrbani''  and the military.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iranian Submachine Guns (1941-1979) |url=https://silahreport.com/2021/06/21/iranian-submachine-guns-1941-1979/ |access-date=2023-03-08 |website=silahreport.com}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2023}} The local version used a tangent rear sight.<ref name="Owen" />{{Page needed |date=March 2021}}<ref>{{cite book |first=Thomas |last=Ohlson |url=https://archive.org/details/armstransferlimi0000unse/page/103 |title=Arms Transfer Limitations and Third World Security |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1988 |isbn=0-19-829124-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/armstransferlimi0000unse/page/103 103]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Iraq|1991}} [[Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)|Iraqi insurgents]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=69}}
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Italian Committee of National Liberation.svg}} [[Italian resistance movement|Italian Partisans]] − Used examples captured from German soldiers<ref>{{cite book |last1=Gianluigi |first1=Usai |last2=Riccio |first2=Ralph |title=Italian partisan weapons in WWII |date=January 28, 2017 |publisher=Schiffer Military History |isbn=978-0-76435-210-2 |page=194}}</ref>
* {{flag|Laos}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{flag|Latvia}} − Used by Latvian partisans against Soviets in 1940s.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Vincent |first=Hunt |title=Blood in the Forest: The End of the Second World War in the Courland Pocket |publisher=Helion and Company |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-912866-93-9 |location=Warwick, UK |page=223}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Lebanon}} [[Lebanese National Movement]]{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=68}}
* {{flag|Lesotho}}<ref name="Beyond Blue Helmets">{{cite book |title=Beyond Blue Helmets: Promoting Weapons and Ammunition Management in Non-UN Peace Operations |first=Eric G. |last=Berman |publisher=[[Small Arms Survey]]/MPOME |date=March 2019 |url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/U-Reports/SAS-MPOME-Report-WAM-Non-UN-Peace-Ops.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190603103636/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/U-Reports/SAS-MPOME-Report-WAM-Non-UN-Peace-Ops.pdf |url-status=dead|archive-date=June 3, 2019 |page=43}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|Flag of the Malayan National Liberation Army.svg|size=23px}} [[Malayan National Liberation Army]] − Used by MNLA supplied by Soviet Union only small numbers
* {{flag|Mongolia}}{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=22}}
* {{flag|Nazi Germany}} − Used captured guns, and also converted some to [[9×19mm Parabellum]] under the designation "MP-41(r)" and the [[7.63×25mm Mauser|7.63x25mm Mauser]] under the designation "MP-717(r)"<ref name="ppsh41"/>
* {{flag|North Vietnam}} − [[Viet Minh]], [[Viet Cong]] and [[North Vietnamese Army]] used PPSh-41 variants, including the K-50M license-built copy,{{sfn|McNab|2014|pp=64-67}} and the Chinese Type 50.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.americanrifleman.org/articles/2018/1/30/guns-of-the-tet-offensive |title=Guns of the Tet Offensive |last=Laemlein |first=Tom |date=January 30, 2018 |website=[[American Rifleman]]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Poland|1928}} − It was used by the [[First Polish Army]].<ref>{{cite book |title=The Polish Army 1939-1945 |first1=Steven J. |last1=Zaloga |first2=Richard |last2=Hook |page=39 |year=1982|isbn=0-85045-417-4 |publisher=Osprey Publishing}}</ref> After the war, it was made under license as the "7.62&nbsp;mm pm wz.41" by Łucznik Arms Factory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fabrykabroni.pl/tresci.php |title=About Us: Radom Before the Kalashnikov |website=Łucznik Arms Factory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131214032102/http://www.fabrykabroni.pl/tresci.php |access-date=2013-12-08 |archive-date=14 December 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2023}}
* {{flag|Romania|1965}} − Captured and reissued PPSh-41 submachine guns during 1941–1944. Made licensed copies during the 1950s at Cugir Arms Plant under the designation "PM PPȘ Md. 1952".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fabricadearmecugir.ro/ |title=About us |website=Cugir Arms Plant SA |access-date=2013-12-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120403164217/http://fabricadearmecugir.ro/ |archive-date=2012-04-03}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2023}}<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.rft.forter.ro/_wsn/01_biblioteca/pdf/c-006-infanteria-romana-180-de-ani.pdf |title=Infanteria Română - 180 de ani |year=2010 |publisher=Editura Centrului-Tehnic Editorial al Armatei |location=București |isbn=978-606-524-071-1 |page=261 |language=ro |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208120442/http://www.rft.forter.ro/_wsn/01_biblioteca/pdf/c-006-infanteria-romana-180-de-ani.pdf |archive-date=February 8, 2015}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sierra Leone}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_af_sierraleone |title=World Infantry Weapons: Sierra Leone |date=2007–2013 |website=World Inventory |via=Google Sites |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124203938/https://sites.google.com/site/worldinventory/wiw_af_sierraleone |archive-date =24 November 2016}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2023}}
* {{flag|Somalia}}{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=23}}
* {{flag|South Korea}} − Captured from the communist forces during the Korean War. Also operated regeneration facility at the arsenal in Busan.<ref>{{Citation |title=적의 무기에서 아군 무기로!! 6.25 전장을 뒤집은 노획무기들 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RgYDTkCBRec |publisher=Republic of Korea Armed Forces Defense Media Agency |access-date=2023-09-17 |language=en}}</ref>
* {{flag|Soviet Union}} − In service with the [[Soviet Army]] in 1942.<ref name="miller2001"/>
* {{SYR}} − Used during the Yom Kippur War{{sfn|Campbell|2016|page=26}}
* {{flag|Yugoslavia}} − Locally produced a variant known as the [[M49 Submachine gun]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Standard Catalog of Military Firearms: The Collector's Price and Reference Guide |first=Philip |last=Peterson |page=479 |year=2011 |location=Iola, WI |publisher=Gun Digest Books |isbn=978-1-4402-1451-6}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Save the Last Bullet for Yourself: A Soldier of Fortune in the Balkans and Somalia |page=175 |first=Rob |last=Krott |year=2008 |location=Philadelphia |publisher=[[Casemate Publishers]] |isbn=978-1-932033-95-3}}</ref>
* {{flag|Zimbabwe}}<ref name="blackfire"/>
==Variants==
* '''Type 50''': A Chinese-made version of the PPSh-41. A U.S. ordnance report during the Korean War stated that this version could not accept drum magazines. However, that report turned out to be mistaken.<ref name="forgotweap">{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1piObkIr2U&t=7m54s |author=Forgotten Weapons |title=Chinese Type 50 PPSh: Founding "Gun City" in Manchuria |date=April 12, 2024 |website=YouTube}}</ref>
* '''Type 49''': A North Korean made version of the PPSh-41. This model only accepts drum-based magazines.<ref name="Weapon"/>
[[File:K-50M.jpg|thumb|K-50M submachine gun, captured from the [[North Vietnam Army|NVA]]]]
* '''K-50M''': A Vietnamese-made submachine gun based on the Type 50s supplied by China during the Vietnam War. Produced between 1958 and 1964. The chief difference is that the cooling sleeve of the K-50 was truncated to three inches (76&nbsp;mm), the front sight based on the AK-47's front sight.<ref name="FWK50">{{Cite web |url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/north-vietnamese-k-50m-submachine-gun/ |title=North Vietnamese K-50M Submachine Gun |first=Ian |last=McCollum |date=March 27, 2020 |website=Forgotten Weapons}}</ref> Modifications include the addition of a pistol grip,<ref name="FWK50"/> a steel wire-made stock<ref name="FWK50"/> and the shortened barrel.<ref name="K-50M">{{cite web |url=http://world.guns.ru/smg/smg109-e.htm |title=K-50M Submachine Gun |website=Modern Firearms |access-date=2009-01-17}}</ref> The changes resulted in a weight of 3.4&nbsp;kg (7.5&nbsp;lb), making K-50M lighter than the PPSh-41 by 500 g (1.1&nbsp;lb).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.skysoldier17.com/vc_weapons.htm |title=VC Weapons |website=PTSD Junk Drawer |access-date=2009-01-17}}</ref> The weapon uses a 35-round stick magazine, but the 71-round drum magazine can be used if the stock is fully extended.<ref name="K-50M"/>
* '''MP41(r)''': A captured PPSh-41 converted to 9×19mm Parabellum caliber for use by German forces.{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=59}}
* '''MP717(r)''': A captured, unconverted PPSh-41 placed in German service and supplied with 7.63×25mm Mauser ammunition{{sfn|McNab|2014|p=59}}
* '''M-49''': A Yugoslavian produced variant of the PPSh-41 design, which utilizes a round tube for the receiver and a round bolt styled after the [[Beretta Model 38]].{{cn|date=August 2023}}
* '''PPS-50''': A [[Semi-automatic firearm|semi-automatic]] manufactured by Pietta. A non-restricted firearm in [[.22LR]] ammunition. The box magazine holds 30 and the drum magazine holds 50. It is cosmetically similar to the PPSh-41, although the two share no other features.<ref> [https://www.shootingillustrated.com/content/review-mitchell-s-mausers-pps50-22-rifle/] {{Webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210917130921/https://www.shootingillustrated.com/content/review-mitchell-s-mausers-pps50-22-rifle/|date=September 17, 2021}}</ref>
* '''VPO-135''': A semi-automatic version of the PPSh-41 from Russia.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
* '''LDT PPSh-41''': A semi-automatic-only clone of the PPSh-41. This variant with its fixed wooden stock is manufactured by Luxembourg Defence Technology for the civilian European sport shooting market.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
* '''SKL-41''': A semi-automatic version of the PPSh-41 which became available on the German market in 2008. This version is converted to fire the [[9×19mm Parabellum]] cartridge. Aside from replicas of its original magazines, it also accepts [[MP 40]] magazines.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
* '''IO SR-41''': A semi-automatic version of the PPSh-41 sold by American company InterOrdnance and manufactured by [[A. A. Arms]]. The barrel on this version extends past the shroud and is non-removable. Most were made of surplus PPSh parts; however, many enthusiasts criticized the gun for dubious quality.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
* Additional semi-auto versions for the American market made by Wiselite and TNW. They were similar to IO SR-41, but had the shroud extend along with the barrel and were much more well received quality wise.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
*'''Šokac''' : A Croatian version of the PPSH-41, produced in the 1990s for use in the [[Croatian War of Independence]]. Using a metal folding stock and a square receiver, it doesn't look like a PPSH-41 appearance wise, but mechanically the gun is a copy of the PPSH-41. The Šokac was produced because of the lack of arms the Croatians were facing, and turned to producing simple small arms to fix this issue.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Heidler |first1=Michael |title=Šokac |url=https://www.forgottenweapons.com/submachine-guns/sokac/ |website=Forgotten Weapons |date=10 April 2013 |access-date=2 June 2019}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=August 2023}}
*'''PPSh-45 :''' A late war variant of PPSh-41, featuring only full auto and using early PPSh-41 production tangent sights. It had a foldable stock that could also be used as a grip, and had no wood parts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-10 |title=Rare and Experimental Versions of Soviet PPSh Submachine Gun - |url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2017/08/10/rare-experimental-versions-soviet-ppsh-submachine-gun/ |access-date=2023-11-09 |website=The Firearm Blog |language=en-US}}</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=David |title=Israeli Soldier vs Syrian Soldier: Golan Heights 1967–73 |date=2016 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-1331-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_7MODAAAQBAJ|language=en}}
* {{cite book |title=Jane's Guns Recognition Guide |edition=2nd |last=Hogg |first=Ian |year=2000 |publisher=Janes' |location=Glasgow |isbn=0-00-472453-4}}
* {{cite book |title=Soviet Submachine Guns of World War II: PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS |series=Weapon 33 |first=Chris |last=McNab |date=2014 |isbn=978-1-78200-794-4 |publisher=[[Osprey Publishing]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X8enCwAAQBAJ}}
* {{cite book |last1=Venter |first1=Al J. |title=Battle For Angola: The End of the Cold War in Africa c 1975-89 |date=2017 |publisher=Helion and Company |isbn=978-1-913118-10-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P4iWDwAAQBAJ |language=en}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuSVmHxQJS8 Video of PPSh being fired with box and drum magazine]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJ0YUd-sNLg Video of PPSh being fired in burst with 9 mm conversion]
* [http://www.a-human-right.com/ppsh.html 17 photos of PPSh-41 and its parts]
* [http://www.ppsh41.com/markings1.htm Photographs of the markings present on different variations of PPSH-41 guns and their clones.]
{{WWIIUSSRInfWeapons}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ppsh-41}}
[[Category:7.62×25mm Tokarev submachine guns]]
[[Category:Submachine guns of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Vyatskiye Polyany Machine-Building Plant products]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1941]]
[[Category:Cold War firearms of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Infantry weapons of the Cold War]]
[[Category:World War II infantry weapons of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:World War II submachine guns]]