View source for Pariśiṣṭa

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'''{{IAST|Pariśiṣṭa}}''' ([[Devanagari]]: परिशिष्ट, "supplement, appendix, remainder")<ref>{{cite book|author=Monier Monier-Williams|title=A Sanskrit-English Dictionary|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_3NWAAAAcAAJ| year=1872|publisher= Oxford University Press|page=549}}</ref> are Sanskrit supplementary texts appended to another fixed, more ancient text – typically the Vedic literature – that aim to "tell what remains to be told".{{sfn|Chakrabarti|2004| p= 92}} These have style of ''sutras'', but less concise. According to [[Max Mueller]], the parisista of the Vedas, "may be considered the very last outskirts of Vedic literature, but they are Vedic in character, and it would be difficult to account for their origin at any time except the expiring moments of the Vedic age."<ref name="muellerp251">{{cite book|author=Friedrich Max Müller|title=A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgU2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA251|year=1859|publisher=Williams and Norgate|page=251}}</ref>
Within the early Sanskrit texts, 18 ''parisishtas'' are mentioned, but numerous more have survived into the modern era, likely composed later.<ref name="muellerp252">{{cite book|author=Friedrich Max Müller|title=A History of Ancient Sanskrit Literature |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DgU2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA252 |year=1859|publisher=Williams and Norgate|pages=252–254}}</ref> Parisista exists for each of the four Vedas.  However, only the literature associated with the [[Atharvaveda]] is extensive and 74 parisishtas are known, some in the form of dialogues. The Vedic parisistas generally present rituals, ceremonies, nature of hymns, and opinions of other scholars about certain aspects of the primary text.<ref name="muellerp252"/> The Atharvaveda parisishtas include omens in addition, and sections of it have survived in very corrupted form that is difficult to elucidate or interpret.<ref>Maejima Miki and Yano Michio (2010), A Study on the Athervaveda Parisista 50-57 with Special Reference to the Kurmavibhaga, Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies, Vol. 58, No. 3, pages 1126-1129</ref>
==Rigveda==
The ''{{IAST|Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Pariśiṣṭa}}'' is a very late text associated with the [[Rigveda]] canon.  It is a short text of three chapters expanding on domestic rites such as the daily ''[[sandhyopāsana]]'' and rites of passage such as marriage and ''śrāddha''.<ref>Modak 1993, p.189</ref>
The ''Bahvricha parisishta'' and ''Sankayana parisishta'' are also attached to the ''Rigveda''.<ref name="muellerp252"/>
==Samaveda==
The '''{{IAST|Gobhila Gṛhya Pariśiṣṭa}}''',<ref>Also known as the ''{{IAST|Gṛhyasaṃgraha}}''</ref>  ascribed to Gobhilaputra, is a concise metrical text of two chapters, with 113 and 95 verses respectively.  Its subjects are covered in a manner clear to those who understand Vedic Sanskrit.  The first chapter deals with physical aspects of  sacred cosmic rituals e.g. names of the 37 types of sacred fires, the rules and measurements for the firewood, preparation of the holy site and the timings of each cosmic activity.  The second chapter deals mainly with major domestic rites such as matrimony or ''Shrāddha'' (communication with ancestral beings).  Noteworthy are injunctions such as that a girl should be given away in marriage before she attains puberty.<ref name="Modak 1993, p.190">Modak 1993, p.190</ref>
A second short text, the '''{{IAST|Chāndogya Pariśiṣṭa}}'''<ref>also known as the ''Karmapradīpika''</ref> has roughly similar coverage.<ref>Modak 1993, p.201</ref>
==Yajurveda==
==={{IAST |Śukla}} (White)===
The '''{{IAST|Kātiya Pariśiṣṭas}}''', ascribed to [[Katyayana|{{IAST|Kātyāyana}}]], consist of 18 works enumerated self-referentially in the fifth of the series (the [[Shakha|{{IAST|Caraṇavyūha}}]]):<ref>(II.4): Kashikar 1994, p.6; Modak 1993, p.190</ref> Six other works of parisista character are also traditionally ascribed to {{IAST |Kātyāyana}}, including a work of identical name ({{IAST|Pratijña}}) but different contents. How many of these 24 are actually due to {{IAST|Kātyāyana}} is dubious; in all probability, they were composed by different authors at different times, with the {{IAST|Pratijña}} and the {{IAST|Caraṇavyūha}} being among the latest as they mention the others.<ref>Kashikar 1994, p.8; Chakrabarti(2004), pp.92-94</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! Scope<ref>Kashikar 1994,p.7-8</ref> !! Books
|-
| Form and language of the {{IAST|Saṃhitā}} || {{IAST|Pratijña}}&nbsp;I(''3''), {{IAST|Anuvākasaṃkhya}}(''4''), {{IAST|Caraṇavyūha}}(''5''), {{IAST|Ṛgyajuṣa}}(''8''), {{IAST|Pārṣada}}(''9''), {{IAST|Pratijña}}&nbsp;II, {{IAST|Sarvānukrama}}, {{IAST|Yājñavalkyaśikṣā}}
|-
| {{IAST|Śrauta}} rituals || {{IAST|Yūpalakṣaṇa}}(''1''), {{IAST|Chāgalakṣaṇa}}(''2''), {{IAST|Śulba}}(''7''), {{IAST|Iṣṭakāpūraṇa}}(''10''), {{IAST|Pravarādhyāya}}(''11''), {{IAST|Mūlyādhyāya}}(''12''), {{IAST|Hautrika}}(''16''), {{IAST|Kūrmalakṣaṇa}}(''18''), {{IAST|Kratusaṁkhyā}}
|-
| {{IAST|Śrauta}} and {{IAST|Gṛhya}} || {{IAST|Nigama}}(''14''), {{IAST|Yajñapārśva}}(''15''), {{IAST|Mantrabhrāntihara Sūtra}}
|-
| {{IAST|Gṛhya}} rituals || {{IAST|Śrāddhasūtra}}(''6''), {{IAST|Uñchaśāstra}}{''13''), {{IAST|Śuklayajurvidhāna}}
|-
| {{IAST|Dharmaśāstra}} || {{IAST|Prasavotthāna}}(''17'')
|}
==={{IAST|Kṛṣṇa}} (Black)===
The {{IAST|Kṛṣṇa}} [[Yajurveda]] has 3 parisistas:<ref name="Modak 1993, p.190"/>
* The '''{{IAST|Āpastamba Hautra Pariśiṣṭa}}''', which is also found as the second ''praśna'' of the ''{{IAST|Satyasāḍha Śrauta Sūtra}}'', specifies the duties of the {{IAST|Hotṛ}} priest in ''haviryajñas'' other than the ''{{IAST|darśapūrṇmāsa}}'' (New and Full Moon sacrifice).
* The '''{{IAST|Vārāha Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa}}'''.
* The '''{{IAST|Kātyāyana Śrauta Sūtra Pariśiṣṭa}}'''.
==Atharvaveda==
For the Atharvaveda, there are 79 works, collected as 72 distinctly named parisistas.<ref>Modak 1993, p.191</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
! Book !! Coverage
|-
| 1 || Lore of the constellations
|-
| 2-19 || Royal ceremonies
|-
| 20-33 || Ritual
|-
| 34-36 || Magic
|-
| 37-40 || Ritual
|-
| 41-44 || Religious observances
|-
| 45-46 || Ritual
|-
| 47-48 || Phonetics and Lexicography
|-
| 49 || Vedic conspectus (the [[Shakha|{{IAST|Caraṇavyūha}}]])
|-
| 50-72 || Omens
|}
==Notes==
{{reflist}}
==References==
* BR Modak, ''The Ancillary Literature of the Atharva-Veda'', New Delhi, Rashtriya Veda Vidya Pratishthan, 1993, {{ISBN|81-215-0607-7}}
* CG Kashikar, ''A Survey of the {{IAST|Śukla Yajurveda Pariśiṣṭas}}'', Poona, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute (Post-Graduate and Research Dept. Series #38), 1994
* SC Chakrabarti,  "''A Survey of the {{IAST |Śuklayajurveda}} {{IAST |Pariśiṣṭas}}'' by C.G. Kashikar", ''Journal of the Asiatic Society'', Vol.XLVI, no.3, Kolkata, 2004, {{ISSN|0368-3303}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Parisista}}
[[Category:Hindu texts]]
[[Category:Vedas]]