View source for Patera (planetary nomenclature)

{{Short description|Irregular type of crater}}
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = vertical
| width     = 200
| image1    = Io Tupan Patera.jpg
| caption1  = [[Tupan Patera]] on [[Io (moon)|Io]]
| image2    = Orcus Patera MDIM2.1.jpg
| caption2  = [[Orcus Patera]] on [[Mars]]
| image3    = Sachs patera PIA00473.jpg
| caption3  = [[Sachs Patera]] on [[Venus]]
}}
'''Patera''' {{IPAc-en|'|p|ae|t|@|r|@}} {{respelling|PAT|ər|ə}}<ref name=dict>{{MW|patera}}</ref> (plural: '''paterae''' {{IPAc-en|'|p|ae|t|@|r|i}} {{respelling|PAT|ə|ree}})<ref name=dict/> is an irregular crater, or a complex crater with scalloped edges on a celestial body. Paterae can have any origin ([[volcanic crater|volcanic]], [[impact crater|impact]] or other), although the majority of them were created by volcanism.<ref name=Tanaka_1992/><ref name=Shingareva_2009/><ref name=Head_1992/> The term comes from [[Latin]], where it refers to a [[patera|shallow bowl]] used in antique cultures.<ref name=Angelo_2009/><ref name=Loth_2010/>
This term is used in [[planetary nomenclature]]: it is a part of the international names of such features. In such names, it is capitalized and stands after the proper given name (e.g., [[Pillan Patera]]). Besides that, it can be used as a description term and applied even to unnamed features.<ref name=Davies_2007_unnamed/><ref name=Williams_2007/>
==Nature of paterae==
The term "patera", like other terms of [[planetary nomenclature]],<ref name=gazetteer_terms/><ref name=Burba_1986/><ref name=Hargitai_2006/> describes only the external view of the feature, but not its origin or geological structure. Majority of paterae of [[Venus]], [[Mars]] and [[Io (moon)|Io]] are [[volcanic crater]]s or [[caldera]]s,{{nobr|<ref name=Head_1992/><ref name=Tanaka_1992/><ref name=Davies_2007_paterae/>}} but some others (like [[Orcus Patera]] on Mars<ref name=Tanaka_1992/><ref name=ESA/><ref name=HRSC/>), probably, are [[impact crater]]s. At least some of paterae on Triton,<ref name=McKinnon_1998/> such as [[Leviathan Patera]],<ref name="martin-herrero2018"/> and the only (as for 2016) named patera of Titan, [[Sotra Patera]],<ref name=Lopes_2013/> most probably, have [[cryovolcano|cryovolcanic]] origin.<ref name=Hargitai_2014_local/> Some authors include low depth in defining criteria of paterae.<ref name=Greeley_1990/><ref name=Zimbelman_2001/><ref name=Head_1992/><ref name=Hargitai_2014_local/> There is no clear boundary between paterae and usual craters.<ref name=Greeley_1990/>
==Peculiarities of usage of the term==
According to some authors, actual usage of the term "patera" had deviated from its definition,<ref name=Head_1992/> and it became not only nomenclatural, but to some extent geological, being used to indicate volcanic origin of the feature.<ref name=Hargitai_2006/><ref name=Peterfreund_1984/><ref name=Head_1992/> After Venusian Cleopatra Patera turned out to be an impact crater (instead of a volcanic one, as previously suggested), it was renamed into crater [[Cleopatra (crater)|Cleopatra]].<ref name=Basilevsky_1991/><ref name=gazetteer_Cleopatra/><ref name=Head_1992/>
Usually volcanic crater gets a proper name if the volcano itself is low and inconspicuous. Otherwise the volcanic mountain is named, and the crater remains unnamed.<ref name=Hargitai_2006/><ref name=Head_1992/> In some cases, names of Martian volcanic craters with the term "patera" were previously applied to the whole volcano, and it was reflected in values of their sizes given in IAU nomenclatural database. But in 2007, these names were tied to the craters themselves, and the corresponding volcanic mountains obtained names with the terms "[[Mons (planetary nomenclature)|Mons]]" or "[[Tholus]]".<ref name=Hargitai_2014_encycl/><ref name=Gregg_2014/><ref name=Plescia_2004/> An example of such mountains is [[Alba Mons]], which obtained its name 34 years after its crater [[Alba Patera]].<ref name=gazetteer_Alba/>
The geological term "highland patera" (a kind of low Martian volcanoes with radially channeled flanks), unlike the nomenclatural term "patera", refers to the whole volcano.<ref name=Hargitai_2014_encycl/><ref name=Gregg_2014/>
==Names of paterae==
The term "patera" (together with 12 other nomenclatural terms) was introduced into planetary nomenclature in 1973, on XV General Assembly of the [[International Astronomical Union]], when 9 Martian paterae, imaged by [[Mariner 9]] in 1972-1973, were named.<ref name=Burba_1981/><ref name=De_Vaucouleurs_1975/><ref name=gazetteer_paterae/>
As of August 2016, 249 paterae or their assemblages are named: 144 on [[Io (moon)|Io]], 73 on [[Venus]], 20 on [[Mars]], 6 on [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]], 5 on [[Triton (moon)|Triton]] and 1 on [[Titan (moon)|Titan]].<ref name=gazetteer_paterae/> They are named differently on different celestial bodies:<ref name=gazetteer_categories/>
* on [[Venus]]&nbsp;– after famous women;
* on [[Mars]]&nbsp;– after a nearby [[albedo feature]] on classical maps by [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]] or [[Eugène Antoniadi]];
* on [[Io (moon)|Io]]&nbsp;– after gods or heroes associated with fire, sun, thunder, volcanoes; after mythical blacksmiths; after associated eruptive centers;
* on [[Ganymede (moon)|Ganymede]]&nbsp;– after [[wadi]]s of the [[Fertile Crescent]];
* on [[Titan (moon)|Titan]]&nbsp;– after deities of happiness, peace and harmony of various peoples. But actually the only named patera of Titan is named after Norwegian island [[Sotra]], inherited from cancelled name of associated bright spot ''Sotra Facula'';<ref name=gazetteer_Sotra/>
* on [[Triton (moon)|Triton]]&nbsp;– with water-associated names, excluding Greek and Roman.
==References==
{{reflist|2|refs=
<ref name=Angelo_2009>{{cite book
|author    = Angelo J. A.
|url       = https://books.google.com/books?id=VUWno1sOwnUC&q=patera&pg=PA348
|title     = Encyclopedia of Space and Astronomy
|publisher = Infobase Publishing
|date      = 2009
|pages     = 348
|isbn      = 9781438110189
}}</ref>
<ref name=Basilevsky_1991>{{cite journal
|author     = Basilevsky A. T.
|author2=Schaber G. G.
|title      = Cleopatra Crater on Venus: Happy Solution of the Volcanic vs. Impact Crater Controversy
|journal    = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
|date       = 1991
|volume     = 22
|issue      = 1
|pages      = 59–60
|url        = http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1991/pdf/1030.pdf
|bibcode    = 1991LPI....22...59B
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131111185631/http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1991/pdf/1030.pdf
|archive-date=2013-11-11
}}</ref>
<ref name=Burba_1981>{{cite book
|author      = Бурба Г. А.
|editor      = К. П. Флоренский
|editor2=Ю. И. Ефремов
|title       = Номенклатура деталей рельефа Марса
|trans-title = Nomenclature of surface features of Mars
|place       = Москва
|publisher   = Наука
|date        = 1981
|pages       = 24, 26
|language    = Russian
}}</ref>
<ref name=Burba_1986>{{cite book
|author      = Бурба Г. А.
|editor      = К. П. Флоренский
|editor2=Ю. И. Ефремов
|title       = Номенклатура деталей рельефа спутников Сатурна
|trans-title = Nomenclature of surface features of satellites of Saturn
|place       = Москва
|publisher   = Наука
|date        = 1986
|pages       = 24–25
|language    = Russian
}}</ref>
<ref name=Davies_2007_paterae>{{cite book
|author     = Davies A. G.
|chapter    = Ch. 18. Volcanism on Io: a post-Galileo view
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Pn_RAwAAQBAJ&q=paterae&pg=PA291
|title      = Volcanism on Io
|publisher  = Cambridge University Press
|date       = 2007
|pages      = 291
|isbn       = 9780521850032
}}</ref>
<ref name=Davies_2007_unnamed>{{cite book
|author     = Davies A. G.
|chapter    = Ch. 16. Volcanic plumes
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Pn_RAwAAQBAJ&q=unnamed+patera&pg=PA260
|title      = Volcanism on Io
|publisher  = Cambridge University Press
|date       = 2007
|pages      = 260
|isbn       = 9780521850032
}}</ref>
<ref name=De_Vaucouleurs_1975>{{cite journal
|author     = De Vaucouleurs G.
|author2=Davies M.
|author3=Dollfus A.
|author4=Koval I. K.
|author5=Masursky H.
|author6=Miyamoto S.
|author7=Moroz V. I.
|author8=Sagan C.
|author9=Blunck J.
|author10=Kuiper G. P.
|title      = The new Martian nomenclature of the international Astronomical Union
|journal    = Icarus
|date       = September 1975
|volume     = 26
|issue      = 1
|pages      = 85–98
|doi        = 10.1016/0019-1035(75)90146-3
|bibcode    = 1975Icar...26...85D
|url        = http://planetologia.elte.hu/ipcd/vaucouleurs.pdf
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140807204304/http://planetologia.elte.hu/ipcd/vaucouleurs.pdf
|archive-date= 2014-08-07
}}</ref>
<ref name=ESA>{{cite web
|url         = http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Mars_s_mysterious_elongated_crater
|title       = Mars's mysterious elongated crater
|date        = 2010-08-27
|publisher   = ESA
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20130607102349/http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Mars_Express/Mars_s_mysterious_elongated_crater
|archive-date = 2013-06-07
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name=gazetteer_Alba>{{cite web
|url         = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14306
|title       = Alba Mons
|work        = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
|publisher   = International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
|date        = 2007-09-19
|access-date  = 2014-08-24
|language    = English
|archive-url  = https://archive.today/20140808111326/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/14306
|archive-date = 2014-08-08
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name=gazetteer_categories>{{cite web
|url         = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Categories
|title       = Categories for Naming Features on Planets and Satellites
|publisher   = International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
|work        = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
|access-date  = 2014-08-24
|language    = English
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140708063522/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/Categories
|archive-date = 2014-07-08
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name=gazetteer_Cleopatra>{{cite web
|url         = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1240
|title       = Cleopatra
|publisher   = International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
|work        = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
|date        = 2006-10-01
|access-date  = 2014-08-24
|language    = English
|url-status=live
|archive-url  = https://archive.today/20140509190925/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/1240
|archive-date = 2014-05-09
}}</ref>
<ref name=gazetteer_paterae>{{cite web
|url         = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?featureType=Patera,%20paterae
|title       = Patera, paterae — Nomenclature Search Results
|work        = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
|publisher   = International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
|access-date  = 2014-08-24
|language    = English
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140807204615/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?featureType=Patera,%20paterae
|archive-date = 2014-08-07
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name=gazetteer_Sotra>{{cite web
|url         = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7014
|title       = Sotra Facula
|work        = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
|publisher   = International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
|date        = 2012-12-19
|access-date  = 2014-08-24
|language    = English
|archive-url  = https://archive.today/20120723021941/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Feature/7014
|archive-date = 2012-07-23
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name=gazetteer_terms>{{cite web
|url         = http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms
|title       = Descriptor Terms (Feature Types)
|publisher   = International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN)
|work        = Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature
|access-date  = 2014-08-24
|language    = English
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20131210035813/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/DescriptorTerms
|archive-date = 2013-12-10
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name=Gregg_2014>{{cite book
|title     =Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms
|editor    =H. Hargitai
|editor2=Á. Kereszturi
|chapter   =Highland Patera
|author    =Gregg T. K. P.
|publisher =Springer New York
|date      =2014
|pages     =1–7
|isbn      =978-1-4614-9213-9
|doi       =10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_188-1
|chapter-url       =https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9
}}</ref>
<ref name=Greeley_1990>{{cite book
|author    = Strobell M. E.
|author2=Masursky H.
|chapter   = Planetary nomenclature
|chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=ztodv66A1VsC&q=patera&pg=PA99
|title     = Planetary Mapping
|editor    = R. Greeley
|editor2=R. M. Batson
|publisher = Cambridge University Press
|date      = 1990
|isbn      = 9780521033732
|pages     = 99, 113
}}</ref>
<ref name=Hargitai_2006>{{cite journal
|author      = Hargitai H. I.
|title       = Planetary Maps: Visualization and Nomenclature
|journal     = Cartographica
|volume      = 41
|issue       = 2
|pages       = 149–164
|date        = 2006
|doi         = 10.3138/9862-21JU-4021-72M3
|url         = http://emc.elte.hu/~hargitai/hargitai/planmaps.pdf
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20121107105851/http://emc.elte.hu/~hargitai/hargitai/planmaps.pdf
|archive-date = 2012-11-07
|citeseerx       = 10.1.1.476.5554
}}</ref>
<ref name=Hargitai_2014_encycl>{{cite book
|title      =Encyclopedia of Planetary Landforms
|editor     =H. Hargitai
|editor2=Á. Kereszturi
|chapter    =Patera, Paterae
|author     =Hargitai H.
|publisher  =Springer New York
|date       =2014
|pages      =1–3
|isbn       =978-1-4614-9213-9
|doi        =10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9_528-1
|chapter-url        =https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4614-9213-9
}}</ref>
<ref name=Hargitai_2014_local>{{cite journal
|author=Hargitai H.
|author2=Li C.
|author3=Zhang Zh.
|author4=Zuo W.
|author5=Mu L.
|author6=Li H.
|author7=Shingareva K. B.
|author8=Shevchenko V. V.
|title=Chinese and Russian Language Equivalents of the IAU Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature: an Overview of Planetary Toponym Localization Methods
|date=2014
|journal=The Cartographic Journal
|volume=56
|issue=4
|pages=335–354
|doi=10.1179/1743277413Y.0000000051
|s2cid=73714960
|issn=1743-2774
|url=http://emc.elte.hu/~hargitai/caj_2014_planetary_nomenclature.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306180030/http://emc.elte.hu/~hargitai/caj_2014_planetary_nomenclature.pdf
|archive-date=2015-03-06
}}</ref>
<ref name=Head_1992>{{cite journal
|author  =Head J. W.
|author2=Crumpler L. S.
|author3=Aubele J. C.
|author4=Guest J. E.
|author5=Saunders R. S.
|title   =Venus volcanism: Classification of volcanic features and structures, associations, and global distribution from Magellan data
|journal =Journal of Geophysical Research
|date    =August 1992
|volume  =97
|issue   =E8
|pages   =13153–13197
|bibcode =1992JGR....9713153H
|doi     =10.1029/92JE01273
|issn    =0148-0227
|quote   =It is probable that the term "patera" has evolved in usage from that as originally defined and has come to mean any feature similar to Alba Patera on Mars (a broad low shield volcano with an irregular-shaped summit caldera and throughgoing graben).
}}</ref>
<ref name=HRSC>{{cite web
|url         = http://www.planet.geo.fu-berlin.de/eng/projects/mars/hrsc471-OrcusPatera.php
|title       = HRSC Press Release #471 - Orcus Patera (orbit 2216 & 2238)
|publisher   = ESA/DLR/FU Berlin
|date        = 2010-08-27
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20140807204112/http://www.planet.geo.fu-berlin.de/eng/projects/mars/hrsc471-OrcusPatera.php
|archive-date = 2014-08-07
|url-status=live
}}</ref>
<ref name=Lopes_2013>{{cite journal
|author  = Lopes R.M.C. |author1-link=Rosaly Lopes
|author2 = Kirk R.L.
|author3 = Mitchell K.L.
|author4 = Legall A.
|author5 = Barnes J.W.
|author6 = Hayes A.
|author7 = Kargel J.
|author8 = Wye L.
|author9 = Radebaugh J.
|author10= Stofan E.R.
|author11= Janssen M.A.
|author12= Neish C.D.
|author13= Wall S.D.
|author14= Wood C.A.
|author15= Lunine Jonathan I. |author-link15=Jonathan Lunine
|author16= Malaska M.J.
|title   = Cryovolcanism on Titan: New results from Cassini RADAR and VIMS
|journal = Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
|date    = March 2013
|volume  = 118
|issue   = 3
|pages   = 416–435
|doi     = 10.1002/jgre.20062
|bibcode = 2013JGRE..118..416L
|url     = http://lasp.colorado.edu/~espoclass/5830_2013_Spring_homework/JGRE20062.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725225908/http://lasp.colorado.edu/~espoclass/5830_2013_Spring_homework/JGRE20062.pdf
|archive-date=2014-07-25
|doi-access=free
}}</ref>
<ref name=Loth_2010>{{cite web
|url         = http://blog.classicist.org/?p=1014
|title       = Classical comments: the patera
|author      = Loth C.
|publisher   = Institute of Classical Architecture & Art
|date        = 2010-10-05
|archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20110810012854/http://blog.classicist.org/?p=1014
|archive-date = 2011-08-10
|url-status  = dead
|access-date = 2016-08-17
}}</ref>
<ref name=McKinnon_1998>{{cite book
|author     = McKinnon W. B.
|author2=Kirk R. L.
|chapter    = Triton
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4gmSOrXIQUEC&q=patera&pg=PA418
|title      = Encyclopedia of the Solar System
|editor     = P. Weissman
|editor2=L.-A. McFadden
|editor3=T. Johnson
|publisher  = Academic Press
|date       = 1998
|isbn       = 9780080573137
|pages      = 418
}}</ref>
<ref name=Peterfreund_1984>{{cite journal
|author  = Peterfreund A. R.
|author2=Head J. W.
|author3=Grieve R. A. F.
|author4=Campbell D. B.
|title   = Cleopatra Patera, a Circular Structure in Maxwell Montes, Venus; Volcanic or Impact?
|journal = Abstracts of the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference
|date    = March 1984
|pages   = 641–642
|url     = http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1984/pdf/1325.pdf
|bibcode = 1984LPI....15..641P
}}</ref>
<ref name=Plescia_2004>{{cite journal
|author =Plescia, J. B.
|date   =2004
|title  =Morphometric properties of Martian volcanoes
|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research
|volume =109
|issue  =E3
|pages   =E03003
|doi    =10.1029/2002JE002031
|bibcode=2004JGRE..109.3003P
|doi-access=free
}} (example of using the term "patera" for the whole volcanoes)</ref>
<ref name=Shingareva_2009>{{cite book
|author      = Шингарева К. Б.
|chapter     = Как дают названия деталям на картах планет
|editor      = В. Г. Сурдин
|title       = Путешествия к Луне
|trans-title = Journeys to the Moon
|place       = Москва
|publisher   = Физматлит
|date        = 2009
|pages       = 186
|isbn        = 978-5-9221-1105-8
|chapter-url  = https://books.google.com/books?id=cO-GOh7A2RQC&pg=PT293
|language    = Russian
}}</ref>
<ref name=Tanaka_1992>{{cite book |author     = Tanaka K. L.
|author2    = Scott D. H.
|author3    = Greeley R.
|chapter    = Global stratigraphy
|chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ze27j5sSJVEC&q=patera&pg=PA367
|editor     = H. H. Kieffer
|editor2    = B. M. Jakosky
|editor3    = C. W. Snyder
|editor4    = M. S. Matthews
|title      = Mars
|publisher  = University of Arizona Press
|date       = 1992
|pages      = [https://archive.org/details/mars0000unse/page/367 367]
|isbn       = 9780816512577
|url        = https://archive.org/details/mars0000unse/page/367
}}</ref>
<ref name=Williams_2007>{{cite journal
|title     =Geologic mapping of the Amirani–Gish Bar region of Io: Implications for the global geologic mapping of Io
|author    =Williams D. A.
|author2=Keszthelyi L. P.
|author3=Crown D. A.
|author4=Jaeger W. L.
|author5=Schenk P. M.
|date      =January 2007
|journal   =Icarus
|volume    =186
|issue     =1
|pages     =204–217
|doi       =10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.023
|bibcode   =2007Icar..186..204W
|url       =http://rpif.asu.edu/members/williams/daw/pdf/2007WKCJS.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140807234255/http://rpif.asu.edu/members/williams/daw/pdf/2007WKCJS.pdf
|archive-date=2014-08-07
}}</ref>
<ref name=Zimbelman_2001>{{cite journal
|author    =Zimbelman J.R.
|author2=Shingareva K.B.
|title     =Compilation of a Glossary of International Terms related to Planetary Cartography
|date      =2001
|journal   =Proceed. 20th ICA/ACI Conference, Beijing
|volume    =5
|pages     =3269–3274
|url       =http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2001/icc2001/file/f26007.pdf
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808002554/http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2001/icc2001/file/f26007.pdf
|archive-date=2014-08-08
}}</ref>
<ref name="martin-herrero2018">{{Cite journal | doi=10.1016/j.pss.2018.03.010| title=Heat flow in Triton: Implications for heat sources powering recent geologic activity| year=2018| last1=Martin-Herrero| first1=Alvaro| last2=Romeo| first2=Ignacio| last3=Ruiz| first3=Javier| journal=Planetary and Space Science| volume=160| pages=19–25| bibcode=2018P&SS..160...19M| s2cid=125508759}}</ref>
}}
==External links==
* Lists of named paterae: [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=VENUS&featureType=Patera,%20paterae on Venus], [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=MARS&featureType=Patera,%20paterae on Mars], [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=IO&featureType=Patera,%20paterae on Io], [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=GANYMEDE&featureType=Patera,%20paterae on Ganymede], [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=TITAN&featureType=Patera,%20paterae on Titan], [http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/SearchResults?target=TRITON&featureType=Patera,%20paterae on Triton]
[[Category:Planetary geology]]