View source for Pencoyd

{{about|the hamlet in England|the house in the United States|Pencoyd (Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2019}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2019}}
{{Infobox UK place|
|static_image_name= Pencoyd church - geograph.org.uk - 128988.jpg
|static_image_caption= St Dennis' Church, Pencoyd
|country= England
|coordinates = {{coord| 51.935| -2.70534|display=inline,title}}
|population=
|population_ref=
|official_name= Pencoyd
|unitary_england= [[Herefordshire]]
|region= West Midlands
|lieutenancy_england= [[Herefordshire]]
|constituency_westminster= [[Hereford and South Herefordshire (UK Parliament constituency)|Hereford and South Herefordshire]]
|civil_parish= Pencoyd
|post_town= Hereford
|postcode_area= HR
|postcode_district= HR2
|dial_code= 01981
|os_grid_reference= SO516262
|london_distance_mi = 115<!-- straight line per MOS – constant and comparable with other place distances -->
|london_direction = ESE
}}
'''Pencoyd''' is a hamlet and [[civil parish]] in [[Herefordshire]], England. The parish, which also includes the hamlet of Netherton and part of the hamlet of Harewood End, both to the east of Pencoyd hamlet, is approximately {{convert|8|mi|km|0}} south from the city and [[county town]] of [[Hereford]] and {{convert|5|mi|km|0}} west-northwest from the [[market town]] of [[Ross-on-Wye]].<ref name=GRF>Extracted from [https://gridreferencefinder.com?gr=SO5160426560|Pencoyd|1&v=r "Pencoyd"], GridReferenceFinder. Retrieved 22 May 2019</ref>
==History==
Pencoyd in 1291 was written as "Pencoyt". The name derives from the [[Celtic languages|Celtic]] 'penn' with 'coid', meaning 'wood's end'.<ref>Mills, Anthony David (2003); ''A Dictionary of British Place Names'', [[Oxford University Press]], revised edition (2011), p.364. {{ISBN|019960908X}}</ref>
In 1848 the parish was in the Ross (Ross-on-Wye) [[Workhouse#Early Victorian workhouses|Union]]&mdash;[[poor relief]] provision set up under the [[Poor Law Amendment Act 1834]]&mdash;and in the upper division of the [[Hundred (county subdivision)|Hundred]] of [[Wormelow Tump|Wormelow]] (or Weomelow). Inhabitants numbered 225, within an area of {{convert|860|acre|ha|abbr=off}}. ''[[Samuel Lewis (publisher)|Lewis]]'' states that "the soil is productive, and inferior sandstone is obtained". It was intersected by the road from Hereford to Ross. The living was a [[Perpetual curate|perpetual curacy]], united to that of [[Marstow]], and endowed with [[Tithe|tithes]] due to the incumbent priest, being typically one-tenth of the produce or profits of parish land. The tithes were partly in the hands of the Dean and Chapter of Hereford, and there were about {{convert|14|acre|ha|abbr=off}} of rectorial [[glebe]], being an area of land set aside to support a parish priest.<ref>[https://www.british-history.ac.uk/rchme/heref/vol1/xlv-xlvi "List of Hundred and Parishes"], ''An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Herefordshire'', Volume 1, South west (1931). Retrieved 14 June 2019</ref><ref>[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp545-549a 'Penalth - Pennington'] in ''A Topographical Dictionary of England'', ed. [[Samuel Lewis (publisher)|Samuel Lewis]] (london 1848), pp.545-549. Retrieved 14 June 2019</ref>
In 1856-58 Pencoyd was described as a [[Township (England)|township]], small parish and village. The parish was in the Ross-on-Wye [[county court]] district, again in the Ross Union, and the Harewood [[Petty session|Petty Sessions]]. The [[Parish|ecclesiastical parish]] was in the [[Archdeacon of Hereford|Hereford archdeaconry]] and [[Diocese of Hereford|bishopric]]. The church was described as "an old stone building, with small square tower in ancient style, but in a very delapidated condition"; a [[Acer pseudoplatanus|sycamore tree]] was growing in the wall, and an [[Sambucus|elder]] in the roof of the tower. It comprised a nave, tower, north porch, a "very old stone font" and three bells. The living was a perpetual curracy in gift of the [[Ecclesiastical Commissioners]]. There was a [[day school]] for boys and girls supported by the [[Incumbent (ecclesiastical)|church incumbent]]. Population in 1851 was 239 within a parish area of {{convert|860|acre|ha|abbr=off}} with soil of sandy [[loam]] over [[sandstone]] and rock. Sir [[Hoskyns baronets#Hoskyns baronets, of Harewood (1676)|Hungerford Hoskyns]], 8th Baronet, was [[lord of the manor]], and chief landowners were the governors of [[Guy's Hospital]], and the [[Gentry#United Kingdom|gentry]] occupants of Pencoyd Court and Old Hall. The post office was at Harewoods (Harewood End), with letters sent and received through Ross-on-Wye. Occupations at Pencoyd included five farmers, one of whom was also a miller at Anddis Bridge, a poulterer ([[Poultry|poultry farmer]]), two carpenters of whom one was also a [[wheelwright]], a schoolmistress, and a tailor. Those at Harewood End were shopkeeper & postmaster, [[Licensed victualler|licensees]] of the Plough Inn, and a parish clerk who was also an assistant [[Overseer of the poor|overseer]], and deputy [[Civil registration#United Kingdom|registrar]] of births and deaths for the St Weonard's district of the Ross Union. At Netherton there were three farmers and a [[blacksmith]].<ref>''History, Topography & Directory of Herefordshire'', 1858, Edward Cassey and Son, pp.276-277</ref><ref>''Post Office Directory of Herefordshire'', 1856 p81</ref>
By 1877-78 the church, in [[English Gothic architecture#Decorated Gothic|Decorated]] style, was restored and a new chancel added, at a cost of about £800. The registers dated to 1563. The [[Benefice#Church of England|benefice]] by 1885 was a [[Vicar (Anglicanism)|vicarage]] annexed to that of [[Marstow]], in the gift of the vicar of [[Sellack]] and [[King's Caple]]. The vicar, who lived at Marstow, was a [[prebendary]] of [[Llandaff Cathedral]]. Parish charities of 10 [[Shilling (British coin)|shillings]] yearly was provided by land at Sellack. Lady Vincent was lady of the manor, with other major landowners residing outside the parish. Chief crops were wheat, barley, oats, and [[List of root vegetables|roots]]. Parish land area was {{convert|879|acre|ha|abbr=off}} in which livied an 1881 population of 168. A [[Board of education|school board]] was set up in 1875 for the united district of Pencoyd & [[Tretire with Michaelchurch]]. The subsequent [[School boards in England and Wales|Board School]] for mixed pupils had accommodation for 75, with typical attendance of 44. Pencoyd occupations in 1885 included six farmers, one of whom was a landowner at Old Hall. At Harewood End there was a postmaster and a haulier, and at Netherton, a farmer.<ref>''[[Kelly's Directory]] of Herefordshre'' (1885), p.1219</ref>
In 1895 ecclesiastical structure remained as previously, but the parish was now listed in the [[Rural dean|Rural Deanery]] of [[Archenfield]] in the [[Archdeacon|Archdeaconry]] and Diocese of Hereford. The parish [[curate]] was [[Rector (ecclesiastical)#Anglican churches|rector]] of [[Llandinabo]] and lived at Harewood End. Parish land area was {{convert|890|acre|ha|abbr=off}} in which lived an 1891 population of 173. Pencoyd occupations included five farmers, one of whom was also a mason, and another  a landowner who lived at Old Hall. At Harewood End was a postmaster, a shopkeeper, and a blacksmith, and at Netherton, two farmers.<ref>''[[Kelly's Directory]] of Herefordshre and Shropshire'' (1895), pp.148-149</ref>
==Geography==
The parish is approximately {{convert|2|mi|km|0}} from north-east to south-west; being {{convert|1|mi|km|1}} wide at the north-east and {{convert|0.5|mi|km|1}} wide at the south-west. It borders on the parishes of [[Llanwarne]] at the north-west, [[St Weonards]] at the south-west, [[Tretire with Michaelchurch]] at the south, [[Hentland]] at the south-east and [[Harewood, Herefordshire|Harewood]] at the north-east.<ref name=GRF/><ref name=OS>Extracted from [https://osmaps.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/51.93655,-2.70592,15/pin "Pencoyd "], ''GetOutside'', [[Ordnance Survey]]. Retrieved 22 May 2019</ref>
The Gamber (stream), which eventually becomes a tributary to the [[River Wye]], {{convert|4|mi|km|0}} to the south-east, flows through the south-west of the parish, where it is joined by a stream, running north-east to south-west through the centre of the parish, which is dammed to form six ponds.<ref name=GRF/><ref name=OS/>
The parish is connected by bus at Harewood End to Hereford, Ross-on-Wye, and [[Gloucester]]<ref>[https://bustimes.org/search?q=Pencoyd "Pencoyd"], Bus Times. Retrieved 22 May 2019</ref>
==Landmarks==
The Church of St Dennis is a Grade II* [[Listed building|listed]] parish church dating to the 14th century and restored in 1877–78. It is built of sandstone and comprises a nave with a [[Truss|beam-trussed]] roof, possibly 16th century, a chancel with [[Barrel vault|barrel-vaulted]] roof, a three-stage tower with three bells, and a [[Timber framing|timber-framed]] north porch. Within the church is a 13th-century [[ledger stone]] and a 13th-century [[Baptismal font|font]].<ref>{{NHLE|num= 1348774|desc= Church of St Dennis|accessdate= 14 June 2019}}</ref> There are a further seven listed buildings and structures, all Grade II. At the south of St Dennis' is a medieval churchyard cross.<ref>{{NHLE |num = 1179880 |desc = Churchyard Cross About 10 Yards South of the South East Window of the Nave of the Church of St Dennis |accessdate= 14 June 2019| fewer-links=x}}</ref> Also at the south of the church is Pencoyd Court, a two-storey house dating possibly to the 17th century, and of sandstone, part stuccoed, with mid-19th-century bay windows and slate roof.<ref>{{NHLE |num = 1179975 |desc = Pencoyd Court |accessdate= 14 June 2019| fewer-links=x}}</ref> To the north-east from Pencoyd Court is a sandstone [[dovecote]], possibly early 19th century, with a slate pyramidal roof.<ref>{{NHLE |num = 1099741 |desc = Dovecot About 30 Yards North North East of Pencoyd Court Together with Adjoining Walls to West, East and South |accessdate= 14 June 2019| fewer-links=x}}</ref> The Old Manor house to the north-east from the church, is a probable 17th-century house with mid-20th-century restoration, of 'H-plan', constructed as two-storys with attic in sandstone with tiled roof.<ref>{{NHLE |num = 1348775 |desc = Old Manor House |accessdate= 14 June 2019| fewer-links=x}}</ref> At Netherton is the 'E-plan' two-storey Netherton Farmhouse, possibly dating to the 16th century, of sandstone, and with timber-framing with [[pargeting]] infills.<ref>{{NHLE |num = 1099740 |desc = Netherton Farmhouse |accessdate= 14 June 2019| fewer-links=x}}</ref> To the east from the farmhouse is a stable, datestone dated 1761. It is of sandstone, and of three bays and two levels with a corrugated iron roof. The stable is of "value as a rare local dated example".<ref>{{NHLE |num = 1301700 |desc = Stable About 5 Yards East of Netherton Farmhouse |accessdate= 14 June 2019| fewer-links=x}}</ref> At the north of the parish, on the A49 road, is Harewood Park Lodge, an early to mid-19th-century house, previously a [[Gatehouse|lodge]] to the 1952-demolished Harewood Park. It is of sandstone [[ashlar]], of one storey, and with a slate roof.<ref>{{NHLE |num = 1099739 |desc = Harewood Park Lodge |accessdate= 14 June 2019| fewer-links=x}}</ref>
==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
*{{commons category-inline|Pencoyd}}
*[https://llanwarnegroupparishcouncil.co.uk/ Llanwarne & District Group Parish Council]. Retrieved 20 May 2019
*[https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/HEF/Pencoyd "Pencoyd"], [[Genuki]]. Retrieved 20 May 2019
*[http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/2757 "Pencoyd, Herefordshire"], [[A Vision of Britain through Time]]
{{Portalbar|England|United Kingdom}}
{{Herefordshire|state=collapsed}}
[[Category: Hamlets in Herefordshire]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Herefordshire]]