View source for Petrobia

{{Short description|Genus of mites}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.ART.1390 - Petrobia lapidum - Mites - Collection Anthonie Cornelis Oudemans.jpeg
| taxon = Petrobia
| authority = Murray, 1877
}}
'''''Petrobia''''' is a genus in [[Tetranychidae]] (spider mites), containing 34 described species.<ref name=catlife>{{Cite web| title=Browse ''Petrobia''
| url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/5cf7d8a376b0fdba090be61136696e21
| website=Catalogue of Life
| accessdate=2018-04-06
}}</ref><ref name=gbif>{{Cite web| title=''Petrobia''
| url=https://www.gbif.org/species/2130420
| website=GBIF
| accessdate=2018-04-06
}}</ref><ref name=bugref>{{Cite web| title=''Petrobia'' Genus Information
| url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/518444
| website=BugGuide.net
| accessdate=2018-04-06
}}</ref><ref name=eol>{{Cite web| title=''Petrobia'' Overview
| url=http://eol.org/pages/3199168/overview
| website=Encyclopedia of Life
| accessdate=2018-04-06
}}</ref> It includes some pest species.
== Description ==
''Petrobia'' mites can be recognised by their reddish-brown [[cuticle]], dark body contents and the first leg pair being very long. Each leg ends in pad-like claws and a hooked (uncinate) empodium with more than 1 pair of tenent hairs. The prodorsum of the body has three pairs of [[Seta|setae]] (''ve'', ''sci'', ''sce'') and there are no prominent lobes over the [[gnathosoma]]. The paranal setae (''h2-3'') are in a ventral position.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Petrobia |url=http://idtools.org/id/mites/invasive_mite/Invasive_Mite_Identification/key/Bryobiinae/Media/Html/Petrobia.htm |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=idtools.org}}</ref>
The genus is usually divided into three subgenera: ''Mesotetranychus'', ''Petrobia'' and ''Tetranychina'' (sometimes one or more of these are considered separate genera). ''Mesotetranychus'' has simple peritremes whereas ''Petrobia'' has anastomosing peritremes. ''Tetranychina'' usually has long dorsal setae on small tubercles (other subgenera sometimes have tubercles as well, but their dorsal setae are short).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Khanjani |first=Mohammad |last2=Khanjani |first2=Mohammad - |last3=Seeman |first3=Owen D. |date=2016-10-19 |title=Two new spider mite species of the subgenus Petrobia (Petrobia) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran |url=http://biotaxa.org/saa/article/view/saa.21.11.4 |journal=Systematic and Applied Acarology |volume=21 |issue=10 |pages=1473 |doi=10.11158/saa.21.11.4 |issn=1362-1971}}</ref>
== Reproduction ==
Species of ''Petrobia'' may reproduce either sexually (e.g. ''P. harti'') or asexually (e.g. ''P. latens'').<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Factsheet - Petrobia (Tetranychina) harti (Ewing, 1909) |url=https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/spider_mites_australia/key/spider_mites_of_australia/Media/Html/entities/Petrobia_Tetranychina_harti_Ewing_1909.htm |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=keys.lucidcentral.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Factsheet - Petrobia (Petrobia) latens (Muller, 1776) |url=https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/spider_mites_australia/key/spider_mites_of_australia/Media/Html/entities/Petrobia_Petrobia_latens_Muller_1776.htm |access-date=2022-11-28 |website=keys.lucidcentral.org}}</ref>
In ''P. harti'', males make up 10% or less of field populations. Eggs are laid on the ventral surfaces of host plant leaves.<ref name=":1" />
''Petrobia latens'', on the other hand, has only female individuals. Females lay their eggs [[Parthenogenesis|parthenogenetically]] on soil and under stones.<ref name=":2" />
== Pests ==
Several ''Petrobia'' species are [[polyphagous]] plant pests, meaning they attack a wide range of plants:<ref name=":0" />
* ''Petrobia apicalis'' attacks [[Onion|onions]] and various [[Legume|legumes]] in [[Europe]] and the [[United States]].
* ''Petrobia harti'' attacks various weeds (especially ''[[Oxalis]]'' spp.) and also fruit and ornamental plants. It has been dispersed to most of the world.
* ''Petrobia latens'' attacks various fruit, vegetable and grain crops. It is one of the few spider mites proven to transmit [[barley yellow streak mosaic virus]].
* ''Petrobia tunisiae'' attacks grains and [[chrysanthemum]] in [[Iran]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] region.
==Species==
These 34 species belong to the genus ''Petrobia'':
{{Div col|colwidth=27em}}
* ''[[Petrobia apicalis]]'' <small>Banks, 1917</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia barkolensis]]'' <small>Wang & Cui, 1992</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia brevipes]]'' <small>Reck & Bagdasarian, 1949</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia californica]]'' <small>Baker & Tuttle, 1994</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia cardi]]'' <small>Chaudhri, 1972</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia carthagensis]]'' <small>Auger & Flechtmann, 2009</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia donnalucatensis]]'' <small>Vacante, 1983</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia dzhulfaensis]]'' <small>Bagdasarian, 1960</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia enodis]]'' <small>Meyer, 1987</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia haematoxylon]]'' <small>Meyer, 1987</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia harti]]'' <small>(Ewing, 1909)</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g b</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia hemerocallis]]'' <small>Wang, 1982</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia hispaniola]]''<span style="color:gray"><sup> g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia jingheensis]]'' <small>Ma & Gao, 1991</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia latens]]'' <small>(Müller, 1776)</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia layyahensis]]'' <small>Sabri & Afzal, 2008</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia lippiae]]'' <small>Baker & Tuttle, 1994</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia lupini]]'' <small>McGregor, 1950</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia lycopersici]]'' <small>Zaher, Gomaa & El-Enany, 1982</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia marsai]]'' <small>Manson, 1964</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia mexicana]]'' <small>Baker & Tuttle, 1983</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia moutiai]]'' <small>Baker & Pritchard, 1960</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia nocitus]]'' <small>Chaudhri, 1972</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia phaceliae]]'' <small>Tuttle & Baker, 1964</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia prasadi]]'' <small>Baker & Tuttle, 1994</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia pseudotetranychina]]'' <small>Auger & Flechtmann, 2009</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia tribulus]]'' <small>Chaudhri, 1972</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia tunisiae]]'' <small>Manson, 1964</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia uncata]]'' <small>(Flechtmann & Moraes, 1991)</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia vachushtii]]'' <small>Reck, 1948</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia waltheriae]]'' <small>Tuttle, Baker & Abbatiello, 1974</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia xerophila]]'' <small>Mitrofanov, 1975</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia xinjiangensis]]'' <small>Tan & Wang, 1992</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
* ''[[Petrobia zachvatkini]]'' <small>Reck & Bagdasarian, 1949</small><span style="color:gray"><sup> c g</sup></span>
{{Div col end}}
<small>Data sources: i = ITIS,<ref name=itis>
{{Cite web| title=ITIS, Integrated Taxonomic Information System
| url=https://www.itis.gov/
| accessdate=2018-04-06
}}</ref> c = Catalogue of Life,<ref name=catlife/> g = GBIF,<ref name=gbif/> b = Bugguide.net<ref name=bugref/></small>
== Identification ==
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309311781_Two_new_spider_mite_species_of_the_Subgenus_Petrobia_Petrobia_Acari_Tetranychidae_from_Iran Key to subgenera and to world species of subgenus ''Petrobia'']
* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325720947_A_new_species_of_Petrobia_Mesotetranychus_Acari_Tetranychidae_from_Ephedra_sp_Ephedraceae_in_Iran Key to world species of subgenus ''Mesotetranychus'']
==References==
<references/>
==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book
| editor-last1 = Capinera | editor-first1 = John L.
| date = 2008
| title = Encyclopedia of Entomology
| publisher = Springer
| isbn = 978-1402062421
}}
* {{Cite book
| last1 = Comstock | first1 = John Henry
| date = 1912
| title = The spider book: A manual for the study of the spiders and their near relatives, the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, whip-scorpions, harvestmen, and other members of the class arachnida, found in America North of Mexico, with analytical keys for their clas...
| isbn = 978-1295195817
}}
* {{Cite journal
| last1 = Halliday | first1 = R.B.
| last2 = O’connor | first2 = O’B.M.
| last3 = Baker | first3 = A.S.
| editor-last1 = Raven | editor-first1 = P.H.
| date = 2000
| title = Global diversity of mites
| journal = Nature and Human Society—the Quest for a Sustainable World
| publisher = National Academy Press
| pages = 192–203
| doi = 10.17226/6142
| isbn = 978-0-309-06555-9
}}
* {{Cite book
| last1 = Jackman | first1 = John A.
| date = 2002
| title = A Field Guide to Spiders and Scorpions of Texas
| publisher = Gulf Publishing
| isbn = 978-0877192640
}}
* {{Cite book
| editor-last1 = Krantz | editor-first1 = G.W.
| editor-last2 = Walter | editor-first2 = D.E.
| date = 2009
| title = A Manual of Acarology
| publisher = Texas Tech University Press
| edition = 3rd
| isbn = 9780896726208
}}
* {{Cite journal
| last1 = Skoracki | first1 = M.
| last2 = Zabludovskaya | first2 = S.
| last3 = Bochkov | first3 = A.V.
| date = 2012
| title = A review of Prostigmata (Acariformes: Trombidiformes) permanently associated with birds
| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235754331
| journal = Acarina
| volume = 20
| issue = 2
| pages = 67–107
}}
* {{Cite journal
| last1 = Zhang | first1 = Z.Q.
| last2 = Fan | first2 = Q.H.
| last3 = Pesic | first3 = V.
| last4 = Smit | first4 = H.
| last5 = Bochkov | first5 = A.V.
| last6 = Khaustov | first6 = A.A.
| last7 = Baker | first7 = A.
| last8 = Wohltmann | first8 = A.
| last9 = Wen | first9 = T.H.
| last10 = Amrine | first10 = J.W.
| display-authors = 4
| date = 2011
| title = Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness, order trombidiformes reuter, 1909
| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257872652
| journal = Zootaxa
| volume = 3148
| pages = 129–138
| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.24
}}
{{refend}}
==External links==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Commons-inline}}
{{refend}}
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q10625201}}
[[Category:Trombidiformes]]