View source for Petrović-Njegoš dynasty

{{Short description|Ruling dynasty of Montenegro from 1697 to 1916}}
{{Infobox noble house
|surname          = Petrović-Njegoš
|native_name      = Петровић-Његош
|native_name_lang = Serbian
|coat of arms     = Coat of arms of the House of Petrović-Njegoš (alt).svg
|image_size       = 160px
|type             = [[Royal house]]
|country          = [[Montenegro]]
*[[File:Flag of the Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro2.svg|25px]] [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Prince-Bishopric]]
*{{Flagicon|Principality of Montenegro}} [[Principality of Montenegro|Principality]]
*{{Flagicon|Kingdom of Montenegro}} [[Kingdom of Montenegro|Kingdom]]
|estates          = [[Cetinje Royal Palace]]
|titles           = * [[King of Montenegro]]
* [[Prince of Montenegro]]
* [[List of Metropolitans of Montenegro|Prince-Bishop of Montenegro]]
|styles           = {{Plainlist}}
* "[[Majesty]]"
* "[[Grace (style)|Grace]]"
* "[[His Eminence]]" ([[clergy|clerical]])
{{endplainlist}}
|founded          = {{Start date and age|1697}}
|founder          = [[Danilo I, Metropolitan of Cetinje|Prince-Bishop Danilo I]]
|final ruler      = [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|King Nicholas I]]
|current head     = [[Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro (born 1944)|Prince Nicholas]]
|deposition       = {{Plainlist}}
* {{End date|[[Podgorica Assembly|1918]]}}
{{endplainlist}}
}}
The '''House of Petrović-Njegoš''' ([[Serbian Cyrillic alphabet|Serbian Cyrillic]]: {{lang|cnr-Cyrl|Петровић-Његош}}, {{small|[[plural|pl.]]}} {{lang|cnr-Latn|Petrović-Njegoši}} / {{lang|cnr-Cyrl|Петровић-Његоши}}) is the Serbian<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vladika Danilo |url=https://www.njegos.org/petrovics/vldanilo.htm |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.njegos.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vladika Sava |url=https://www.njegos.org/petrovics/vlsava.htm |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.njegos.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vladika Vasilije |url=https://www.njegos.org/petrovics/vlvasilij.htm |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.njegos.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sveti Petar Cetinjski |url=https://www.njegos.org/petrovics/svpetar.htm |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.njegos.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Vladika Rade - Petar II Petrovic Njegos |url=https://www.njegos.org/petrovics/vlrade.htm |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.njegos.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Knjaz Danilo |url=https://www.njegos.org/petrovics/kndanilo.htm |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.njegos.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kralj Nikola |url=https://www.njegos.org/petrovics/krnikola.htm |access-date=2024-01-31 |website=www.njegos.org}}</ref> noble family that ruled [[Montenegro]] from 1697 to 1918.
==History==
===Origin===
"Bogut" or "Boguta" is believed to be the oldest known ancestor of the Petrović-Njegoš family.<ref name=Cetinje75/> Bogut was alive at the time of the [[Battle of Velbazhd]] (1330) and the building of [[Visoki Dečani]],<ref>Reljić 1976, p. 30</ref> and perhaps into the 1340s.<ref name=Cetinje75>Etnografski muzej Cetinje 1963, p. 75</ref> According to tradition, and recorded by some historians, the ancestors of the Petrović family settled in Muževice at the end of the 14th century, from the Bosnia region, from the area of [[Zenica]] or [[Travnik]].<ref>Miljanić 1989, {{blockquote|Odakle su preci Petrovića doselili u Muževice i u koje vrijeme nije dovoljno rasvijetljeno. Prema tradiciji, a i zapisima nekih istoričara, doselili su iz Bosne, iz okoline Zenice, ili Travnika i da su u Drobnjake doselili, kako navodi Kovijanić, krajem 14. vijeka.}}</ref> It is possible that Bogut at that time had moved to [[Drobnjaci]] with his son, Đurađ.<ref name=SIKDN-73>Srpsko istorijsko-kulturno društvo "Njegoš" u Americi 1983, p. 73</ref>  Đurađ or some of his sons were in the entourage of Marko Drago, an affluent Serbian nobleman who had served Serbian lord [[Vuk Branković]] (1345-1397), and as such they are believed to have also served the [[Branković family]].<ref>Etnografski muzej Cetinje 1963, p. 70</ref> Đurađ and his five sons "from Drobnjaci" are mentioned in a document dating March 1, 1399,<ref name=SIKDN-73/> in which they gave several items to the depository of Dapko Vasilijev, an affluent [[Kotor]]an nobleman.<ref>Miljanić 1989, {{blockquote|Kovijanić je u kotorskom sudsko-notarskim spisima pronašao i prepisao sljedeće: ''Od Đurđa Bogutovića iz Drobnjaka i njegovih sinova Vukca, Radina, Heraka, Pribila i Ostoje primio je 1. marta 1399. godine Dapko Vasilijev, ugledni i imućni kotorski vlastelin u depozit ove stvari: šest srebrnih pojaseva, zavijenih u šest marama, težine 19 i po funti, dvije tacne sa izvjesnim srebrnim pucadima, težine pet unči, takođe dvije kutije perla sa svitom i sa četiri puceta perla, težine u svemu 10 unči''}}</ref>
===Rule of Montenegro===
Montenegro was ruled from its inception by ''[[vladika]]s'' ([[prince-bishop]]s) since 1516, who had a dual temporal and spiritual role, subordinate to the [[Serbian Patriarchate of Peć]] until its dissolution in 1766.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Magocsi |first1=Paul Robert |title=Historical Atlas of Central Europe: Third Revised and Expanded Edition |date=2018 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=9781487523312 |page=116 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p-d_DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA116}}</ref> In 1697, the office was made hereditary in the Petrović-Njegoš family.<ref name="Mentzel">{{cite book |last1=Mentzel |first1=Peter C. |title=For God and Country: Essays on Religion and Nationalism |date=2021 |publisher=MDPI |isbn=9783039439058 |page=106 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hcQiEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA106}}</ref> However, since Orthodox bishops are required to be celibate, the crown passed from uncle to nephew. In 1852, Prince-Bishop Danilo II opted to marry and to secularize Montenegro, becoming Prince [[Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro|Danilo I]].<ref name="Mentzel" /><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pavlovic |first1=Srdja |title=Balkan Anschluss: The Annexation of Montenegro and the Creation of the Common South Slavic State |date=2008 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=9781557534651 |page=38 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4LPfuwer21EC&pg=PA38}}</ref> His successor, [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|Nikola I]], raised Montenegro to a kingdom in 1910.{{sfn|Djukanovic|2023|p=6}}
In 1916, King Nikola I was ousted by the invasion and occupation of his country by [[Austria-Hungary]]. He was formally deposed by the [[Podgorica Assembly]] in 1918 and the country merged with [[Kingdom of Serbia]] and shortly thereafter merged again with the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] to form the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]].{{sfn|Djukanovic|2023|p=173}}
===After Yugoslavia===
A period of eighty years of control from [[Belgrade]] followed, during which time Nikola I died in exile in France in 1921, followed shortly afterwards by the surprise abdication of his son and heir, [[Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro|Danilo III]], the same year.{{sfn|Djukanovic|2023|p=282}} The latter's nephew, [[Michael, Prince of Montenegro|Michael Petrović-Njegoš]], inherited the titles of his predecessors whilst in exile in France, and he survived arrest and internment by order of [[Adolf Hitler]] for refusing to head up a puppet Montenegrin state aligned to the [[Axis Powers]]. Later, he served the [[SFR Yugoslavia]] as Head of Protocol.{{sfn|Djukanovic|2023|p=282}} He was succeeded by his son [[Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro|Nicholas Petrović-Njegoš]] in 1986.{{citation needed|date=September 2024}} In 2006, Montenegro went on to achieve full sovereignty in the [[Montenegrin independence referendum, 2006|2006 independence referendum]].
In 2011, Montenegro recognized an official role for the Royal House of Petrović-Njegoš in Montenegro: to promote Montenegrin identity, culture and traditions through cultural, humanitarian and other non-political activities, which has been interpreted as a "creeping restoration" of the monarchy.<ref name="skupstina.me">[http://www.skupstina.me/index.php?strana=zakoni&id=1586 Zakon o statusu potomaka dinastije Petrović Njegoš]</ref>{{non-primary source needed|date=September 2024}}
The present head of the house is [[Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro]].{{since when|date=September 2024}}
===Modern role===
{{main|Law on the Status of the Descendants of the Petrović Njegoš Dynasty}}
In July 2011, the [[Parliament of Montenegro]] adopted the [[Law on the Status of the Descendants of the Petrović Njegoš Dynasty]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Milosevic |first1=Milena |title=Montenegro 'Corrects Injustice' To Ex-Royals |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2012/07/19/montenegro-corrects-injustice-against-its-dynasty/ |work=Balkan Insight |date=19 July 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=PM Luksic hosts reception in honour of Montenegrin Royal House of Petrovic Njegos |url=https://www.gov.me/en/article/107551--pm-luksic-hosts-reception-in-honour-of-montenegrin-royal-house-of-petrovic-njegos |website=www.gov.me |date=23 July 2011}}</ref>{{non-primary source needed|date=September 2024}} The law allows descendants of the dynasty to use heraldic royal symbols and grants them land that belonged to the King. It grants them property and buildings in [[Njegusi]] and [[Cetinje]], the former capital city, as well as an apartment in [[Podgorica]]. It established the Petrovic-Njegos Foundation, which would receive financing from Montenegro’s state budget amounting to some €4 million.<ref>{{cite news |title=Montenegro Aims to Rehabilitate Dynasty |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2011/04/18/montenegro-aims-to-rehabilitate-dynasty/ |work=Balkan Insight |date=18 April 2011}}</ref>
==List of monarchs==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
{|style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:8%;"  | Picture
! style="width:12%;" | <small>Title</small><br>Name
! style="width:15%;" | Birth
! style="width:12%;" | Reign
! style="width:13%;" | Marriage(s)<br/>Issue
! style="width:15%;" | Death
! style="width:15%;" | Claim
! style="width:10%;" | Notes
|-
|[[File:Danilo Ščepćević, The Mountain Wreath.jpg|100px]] || <sup>Prince-Bishop</sup><br /><big>'''[[Danilo I, Metropolitan of Cetinje|Danilo I]]'''</big> || 1670<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 1697 <br>{{ndash}}<br>11 January 1735<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1697|1|11|1735|1|11}}) || — || 11 January 1735<br>[[Podmaine Monastery]], [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]<br>(aged 80) || Elected by the Montenegrin Tribal Assembly ||
|-
|[[File:Vladika sava.jpg|100px]] || <sup>Prince-Bishop</sup><br /><big>'''[[Sava Petrović (prince-bishop)|Sava II]]'''</big> || 18 January 1702<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 11 January 1735 <br>{{ndash}}<br>9 March 1781<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1735|1|11|1781|3|9}}) || — || 9 March 1781<br>[[Podmaine Monastery]], [[Republic of Venice|Venice]]<br>(aged 80) || First cousin of [[Danilo I, Metropolitan of Cetinje|Danilo I]] || Coruled with [[Vasilije Petrović|Basil III]] from 1750–1766.
|-style="background:#F5F5DC;"
|[[File:Vasilije petrovic.jpg|100px]] || <sup>Prince-Bishop</sup><br /><big>'''[[Vasilije Petrović|Basil III]]'''</big> || 1709<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 1750<br>{{ndash}}<br>10 March 1766<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1750|3|10|1766|3|10}}) || — || 10 March 1766<br>[[St. Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire]]<br>(aged 56–57) || Nephew of [[Danilo I, Metropolitan of Cetinje|Danilo I]] || Co-ruled with Sava II
|-
|colspan=8|Out of power for {{age in years and days |1781|3|9|1784|10|13}}.
|-
|[[File:Saint Peter of Cetinje.jpg|100px]] || <sup>Prince-Bishop</sup><br /><big>'''[[Petar I Petrović-Njegoš|Petar I]]'''</big> || 1748<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 13 October 1784<br>{{ndash}}<br>30 October 1830<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1784|10|13|1830|10|30}}) || — || 30 October 1830<br>[[Cetinje]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]<br>(aged 81–82) || Elected by the Sinod. <br><br> Grandnephew of [[Danilo I, Metropolitan of Cetinje|Danilo I]]  ||
|-
|[[File:Петар II Петровић Његош, песник и владика.jpg|100px]] || <sup>Prince-Bishop</sup><br /><big>'''[[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš|Petar II]]'''</big> || 13 November 1813<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 30 October 1830<br>{{ndash}}<br>31 October 1851<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1830|10|30|1851|10|31}}) || — || 31 October 1851<br>[[Cetinje]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]]<br>(aged 37) || The Will of [[Petar I Petrović-Njegoš|Petar I]], his uncle.  ||
|-
|[[File:Knjaz Danilo.jpg|100px]] || <sup>Prince-Bishop;</sup><br><sup>[[Principality of Montenegro|Prince]]</sup><br /><big>'''[[Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro|Danilo II<br>Danilo I]]'''</big> || 25 May 1826<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 31 October 1851<br>{{ndash}}<br>13 August 1860<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1851|10|31|1860|8|13}}) || [[Darinka, Princess of Montenegro|Darinka Kvekić]]<br>12 January 1855<br>1 daughter || 13 August 1860<br>[[Kotor]], [[Austrian Empire]] <br>(aged 34) || The Will of [[Petar II Petrović-Njegoš|Peter II]], his uncle. || Assassinated in Kotor.
|-
|[[File:Nicholas I of Montenegro.jpg|100px]] || <sup>Prince;</sup><br><sup>[[Kingdom of Montenegro|King]]</sup><br /><big>'''[[Nicholas I of Montenegro|Nicholas I]]'''</big> || 7 October 1841<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 13 August 1860<br>{{ndash}}<br>26 November 1918<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1860|8|13|1918|11|26}}) || [[Milena of Montenegro|Milena Vukotić]]<br>8 November 1860<br>12 children || 1 March 1921<br>[[Cap d'Antibes]], [[French Third Republic|French Republic]] <br>(aged 79) || Nephew of [[Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro|Danilo I]] || Exiled in [[Montenegrin campaign|January 1916]]. <br> Deposed by the [[Podgorica Assembly]].
|-
|}
==Heads of the House since 1918==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
{|style="text-align:center; width:100%" class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width:8%;"  | Picture
! style="width:12%;" | Name
! style="width:15%;" | Birth
! style="width:12%;" | Reign
! style="width:13%;" | Marriage(s)<br/>Issue
! style="width:15%;" | Death
! style="width:15%;" | Claim
|-
|[[File:Nicholas I of Montenegro.jpg|100px]] || '''[[Nicholas I of Montenegro|Nicholas I]]''' || 7 October 1841<br>[[Njeguši]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 26 November 1918<br>{{ndash}}<br>1 March 1921<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1918|11|26|1921|3|1}}) || [[Milena of Montenegro|Milena Vukotić]]<br>8 November 1860<br>12 children || 1 March 1921<br>[[Cap d'Antibes]], [[French Third Republic|French Republic]] <br>(aged 79) || Deposed king of Montenegro<ref name="ADG">{{cite book|title=[[Almanach de Gotha]]|publisher=[[Justus Perthes]]|year=1918|edition=154|page=65}}</ref>
|-
|[[File:Crown Prince Danilo of Montenegro.jpg|100px]] || '''[[Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro|Crown Prince Danilo]]''' || 29 June 1871<br>[[Cetinje]], [[Principality of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 1 March 1921<br>{{ndash}}<br>7 March 1921<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1921|3|1|1921|3|7}}) || [[Duchess Jutta of Mecklenburg-Strelitz|Jutta of Mecklenburg-Strelitz]]<br>27 July 1899<br>No children || 24 September 1939 <br>[[Vienna]], [[Austria under National Socialism|Austria]], [[Nazi Germany]] <br>(aged 67) || Eldest son of [[Nicholas I of Montenegro|Nicholas I]] and [[Milena of Montenegro|Milena Vukotić]].
|-
|[[File:Mihailo Petrovich Negosh.jpg|100px]] || '''[[Michael, Prince of Montenegro|Prince Michael]]''' || 14 September 1908<br>[[Podgorica]], [[Principality of Montenegro|Montenegro]] || 7 March 1921<br>{{ndash}}<br>24 March 1986<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1921|3|7|1986|3|24}}) || Geneviève Prigent<br>27 January 1941 – 11 April 1949<br>1 son || 24 March 1986 <br>[[Paris]], France <br>(aged 77) || Nephew of [[Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro|Crown Prince Danilo]]<ref name="ADG" />
|-
|[[File:Nicholas II Petrović Njegoš and Dejan Stojanovic (cropped).jpg|100px]] || '''[[Nicholas, Prince of Montenegro (born 1944)|Prince Nicholas]]''' || 7 July 1944<br>[[Saint-Nicolas-du-Pélem]], France<br>(age {{age in years|1944|7|7}}) || 24 March 1986<br>{{ndash}}<br>present<br><hr>({{age in years and days|1986|3|24}}) || Francine Navarro<br>27 November 1976 – 6 August 2008<br>2 children<ref>de Badts de Cugnac, Chantal. Coutant de Saisseval, Guy. ''Le Petit Gotha''. Nouvelle Imprimerie Laballery, Paris 2002, pp. 862. French. {{ISBN|2-9507974-3-1}}.</ref><ref>[[Almanach de Gotha]] (2018). Page 1389.</ref> ||  || Son of [[Michael, Prince of Montenegro|Prince Michael]] and Geneviève Prigent
|-
|}
==Male descendants of Nicholas I==
{{unreferenced section|date=September 2024}}
The list below includes male members of the Petrović-Njegoš dynasty. '''Bold''' denotes the current head of the House.
{{Tree list}}
*[[Image:Simple silver crown.svg|15px]] ''[[Nicholas I of Montenegro|King Nicholas I]]'' (1841–1921)
**[[Image:House Bliss.png|15px]] ''[[Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro|Crown Prince Danilo]]'' (1872–1939)
**''[[Prince Mirko of Montenegro|Prince Mirko, Grand Duke of Grahovo and Zeta]]'' (1879–1918)
***''Prince Stephan'' (1903–1908)
***''Prince Stanislaw'' (1905–1908)
***[[Image:House Bliss.png|15px]] ''[[Michael, Prince of Montenegro|Prince Michael]]'' (1908–1986)
****[[Image:House Bliss.png|15px]] '''[[Nicholas, Crown Prince of Montenegro|Prince Nicholas]]''' (born 1944)
*****[[Boris, Hereditary Prince of Montenegro|Prince Boris]] (born 1980)
***''Prince Paul'' (1910–1933)
***''Prince Emmanuel'' (1912–1928)
**''[[Prince Peter of Montenegro|Prince Peter, Grand Duke of Zahumlie]]'' (1889–1932)
{{Tree list/end}}
== See also ==
* [[List of heads of former ruling families]]
* The [[Petrović-Njegoš family tree]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mJXCxqBRWAC|pages=69–75|title=Glasnik: Bulletin|author=Etnografski muzej Cetinje|year=1963}}
*{{cite book|author=Srpsko istorijsko-kulturno društvo "Njegoš" u Americi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_dXlAAAAMAAJ|title=Glasnik Srpskog istorijsko-kulturnog društva "Njegoš"|year=1983}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jAAIAAAAMAAJ|title=Jovan Erdeljanović: život i delo : Temelji naučne tradicije naše etnologije|last=Reljić|first=Ljubomir|year=1976|page=30}}
*{{cite web|author=Vojislav Miljanić|title=Detalji iz života predaka Petrovića-Njegoša za vrijeme boravka ispod planine Njegoš|work=Istorijski zapisi br 3-4, 1989|url=http://www.montenegrina.net/pages/pages1/istorija/crnojevici/detalji_iz_zivota_predaka_petrovica_njegosa_v_miljanic.htm|year=1989}}
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IerTAAAAMAAJ|title=Историски записи|year=1989}}
*''Nikola and Milena, King and Queen of the Black Mountain, The Rise and Fall of Montenegro's Royal Family'' by Marco Houston
*{{cite book |last1=Djukanovic |first1=Bojka |title=Historical Dictionary of Montenegro |date=2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=9781538139158 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PgmmEAAAQBAJ}}
== External links ==
{{commons category|House of Petrović-Njegoš}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060613194219/http://www.njegoskij.org/ The Njegoskij Fund Public Project] Private family archives-based digital documentary fund, focused on history and culture of Royal Montenegro
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928193226/http://www.orderofdanilo.org/en/index.htm Official website of the Royal House of Montenegro]
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Any non-administrator who removes this warning will receive a three-day block from editing. -->
{{Royal houses of Montenegro}}
{{European royal families}}
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[[Category:Petrović-Njegoš dynasty| ]]
[[Category:Montenegrin nobility]]
[[Category:Principality of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Kingdom of Montenegro]]
[[Category:Montenegrin royalty]]