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{{use dmy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox school
|name=Landesschule Pforta
|image=Logo pforta.svg
|imagesize=100px
|caption=Logo of Pforta
|streetaddress=Schulstr. 12
|postcode=06628
|city=Schulpforte
|country=Germany
|coordinates={{coord|51|08|33|N|11|45|08|E|type:edu|display=inline,title}}
|rector=Kathrin Volkmann
|students=300
|classes=12
|avg_class_size=22
|type=[[Gymnasium (school)|Gymnasium]]
|language=German
|yearbook=Keilzeit
|colors=purple, white, black
|staff=48
|opened={{start date and age|1543}}
|homepage=[http://www.landesschule-pforta.de/index.php?a=en http://www.landesschule-pforta.de]
|}}
'''Schulpforta''', otherwise known as '''Pforta''', is a school located in [[Pforta monastery]], a former [[Cistercians|Cistercian]] [[monastery]] (1137–1540). The school is located near [[Naumburg]] on the [[Saale River]] in the [[Germany|German]] state of [[Saxony-Anhalt]].
The site has been a school since the 16th century. Notable alumni include mathematician [[August Ferdinand Möbius]], historian [[Leopold von Ranke]], and philosopher [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]. Today, it is a notable [[public education|public]] [[boarding school]] for academically gifted children, otherwise called '''Landesschule Pforta'''. It is [[coeducation]]al and teaches around 300 [[high school]] students.
Pforta was proposed for inscription in the [[World Heritage Site|World Heritage List]] as one component of the German nomination [[Naumburg Cathedral and the High Medieval Cultural Landscape of the Rivers Saale and Unstrut]].
==History==
===Monastery===
[[File:Pforta Altes Schulhaus.jpg|thumb|left|Pforta, ''Altes Schulhaus'']]
{{Main|Pforta monastery}}
The abbey was at first situated in [[Altenburger Land|Schmölln]] on the Sprotta, near [[Altenburg]]. In 1127, Count Bruno of Pleissengau founded a [[Order of St. Benedict|Benedictine]] monastery there and endowed it with 1,100 [[Hide (unit)|hides]] of land.{{sfn|Löffler|1911}} This foundation, not being successful, on 23 April 1132, {{Interlanguage link|Udo I of Naumburg|de|3=Udo I. von Thüringen|lt=Bishop Udo I of Naumburg}}, a relative of Bruno's, replaced the Benedictines by Cistercian monks from [[Walkenried Abbey]]. The situation here proved undesirable, and in 1137 Udo transferred the monastery to Pforta, and conferred upon it fifty hides of arable land, an important tract of forest, and two farms belonging to the [[Diocese of Naumburg|diocese]].{{sfn|Löffler|1911}}
The [[Patron saint|patroness]] of the abbey was the [[Blessed Virgin Mary]]. The first abbot was Adalbert, from 1132 to 1152. Under the third abbot, Adetold, two daughter houses<!--?which--> were founded under Pforta's auspices, in the [[Marches|Mark]] of [[Meissen]] and in [[Silesia]], and in 1163, the monasteries of [[Altzella Abbey|Altzella]] and [[Leubus]] were also established in the latter province. At this period the monks numbered about eighty. In 1205, Pforta sent a colony of monks to [[Livonia]], founding there the monastery of [[Dünamünde]]. The abbey was distinguished for its excellent system of management, and after the first 140 years of its existence its possessions had increased tenfold.{{sfn|Löffler|1911}}
At the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th centuries, after a period of strife, the monastery flourished again. The last quarter of the 14th century witnessed, however, the gradual decline of its prosperity, and also the relaxation of monastic discipline. When Abbot Johannes IV was elected in 1515, there were forty-two monks and seven [[lay brother]]s who later revolted against the abbot; an inspection by [[George, Duke of Saxony|Duke George of Saxony]] reported that morality had ceased to exist in the monastery.{{sfn|Löffler|1911}}
The last abbot, Peter Schederich, was elected in 1533. When the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] Duke George was succeeded by his [[Protestantism|Protestant]] brother [[Henry IV, Duke of Saxony|Henry]], the monastery was suppressed on 9 November 1540, with the abbot, eleven monks, and four lay brothers being pensioned off.{{sfn|Löffler|1911}}
===Boarding school===
[[File:Schulpforte Fürstenhaus.jpg|thumb|right|''Fürstenhaus'']]
In 1543, Henry's son [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony|Duke Moritz]] opened a national school in the abbey,<ref>[http://www.landesschule-pforta.de/index.php?a=en&z=intro Landesschule Pforta's English website]</ref> appropriating for its use the revenues of the suppressed monastery of [[Memleben Abbey]]. At first the number of scholars was 100; in 1563, fifty more could be accommodated. The first rector was [[Johann Gigas]], renowned as a lyric poet. Under [[Justinus Bertuch]] (1601–1626) the school attained the zenith of its prosperity. It suffered greatly during the [[Thirty Years' War]], in 1643, there being only eleven scholars.{{sfn|Löffler|1911}} After the [[Napoleonic Wars]] (1815), Pforta became a part of [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]], and then the [[Imperial Germany]].{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}
From 1935 until 1945 Schulpforta served as a ''Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalt'' ([[NPEA]]). The NPEAs (37 in all) promoted National Socialist ([[Nazi]]) ideals, encouraging boys between the ages of 11 and 18 to pursue occupations (including the [[Schutzstaffel|SS]]) which supported the National Socialist cause.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://helenroche.com/work/wanderer-kommst-du-nach-pforta|title='"Wanderer, kommst du nach Pforta…": The tension between Classical tradition and the demands of a Nazi elite-school education at Schulpforta and Ilfeld, 1934–1945' &#124; Helen Roche}}</ref><ref>http://www.saale-unstrut-tourismus.de/en/pforta-abbey {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}</ref>
In 1949, the institute became co-educational.{{sfn|''Landesschule Pforta''|2014}} Today the school is maintained by the German state of [[Saxony-Anhalt]], but still supported by its own Schulpforta Foundation.
==Architecture==
The remains of the monastery include the 13th century [[Gothic architecture|gothic]] church;<ref name="EB1911–Pforta"/> it is a cross-[[Vault (architecture)|vaulted]], [[colonnade]]d [[basilica]] with an extraordinarily long [[nave]], a peculiar western [[Facade|façade]], and a late [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] double-naved [[cloister]]. What remains of the original building (1137–40) is in the Romanesque style, while the restoration (1251–1268) belongs to the early Gothic.{{sfn|Löffler|1911}} Other buildings are now used as dormitories and lecture halls.<ref name="EB1911–Pforta"/> There is also the ''Fürstenhaus'' ("prince's house"), built in 1573. Schulpforta was one of the three ''Fürstenschulen'' ("prince's schools") founded in 1543 by [[Maurice, Elector of Saxony]] (at that time Duke), the two others being at [[Grimma|Grima]] and at [[Meissen]].<ref name="EB1911–Pforta">{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Pforta |volume=21 |page=340}}</ref>
== Notable pupils ==
Notable pupils include:
* [[Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg]], German chancellor<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frauendienst |first=Werner |url=https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118510320.html#ndbcontent |title=Neue Deutsche Biographie 2 |year=1955 |pages=188–193 [Online-Version] |language=de |chapter=Bethmann Hollweg, Theobald von}}</ref>
* [[August Buchner]] (1591–1661), Baroque poet<ref>{{cite web |last1=Germany |first1=Martin Schulze, Heinrich-Schütz-Haus, Bad Köstritz |title=August Buchner - Heinrich-Schütz-Haus Bad Köstritz |url=http://www.heinrich-schuetz-haus.de/ahnen/august_buchner.php |website=www.heinrich-schuetz-haus.de |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=German}}</ref>
* [[Johann Gottlieb Fichte]], philosopher<ref>[https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/johann-fichte/#LifeWork Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Johann Gottlieb Fichte]</ref>
* [[Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock]], poet<ref name=EB1911>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Klopstock, Gottlieb Friedrich|volume=15|pages=847–848}}</ref>
* [[Frederic Henry Hedge]], American Transcendentalist<ref>{{cite book |last1=Frank |first1=Armin Paul |last2=Essmann |first2=Helga |title=The Internationality of National Literatures in Either America: Transfer and Transformation |date=1999 |publisher=Wallstein Verlag |isbn=978-3-89244-355-1 |page=90 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Günther Lützow]], World War II fighter pilot<ref>{{Cite book|last=Braatz|first=Kurt|author-link=:de:Kurt Braatz|year=2005|title=Gott oder ein Flugzeug – Leben und Sterben des Jagdfliegers Günther Lützow|trans-title=God or an Airplane – Life and Death of Fighter Pilot Günther Lützow|language=de|location=Moosburg, Germany|publisher=NeunundzwanzigSechs Verlag|isbn=978-3-9807935-6-8|page=25}}</ref>
* [[August Ferdinand Möbius]], mathematician<ref name="st-andrews1">{{cite book |title=August Ferdinand Möbius |publisher=University of St Andrews, Scotland |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Mobius.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330205503/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Mobius.html |archive-date=30 March 2016}}</ref>
* [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], philosopher<ref>Nietzsche attended Schulpforta from 1858 to 1864: [https://web.archive.org/web/20030114120835/http://www4.hmc.edu:8001/humanities/beckman/Nietzsche/biography.htm NIETZSCHE'S LIFE IN OUTLINE]</ref>
* [[Leopold von Ranke]], historian<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Ranke, Leopold von}}</ref>
* [[Johann Christian Wernsdorf]], writer<ref name="brill">{{cite book| editor-last=Landfester| editor-first=Manfred| editor2-last=Cancik| editor2-first=Hubert| editor3-last=Schneider| editor3-first=Helmuth| title =Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World| publisher =[[Brill Publishing]]| volume =2| date =2010| pages =661| language =English| url =https://books.google.com/books?id=MTQOAQAAMAAJ| isbn = 9789004142220| accessdate=2016-02-14}}</ref>
* [[Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff]], classical philologist<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Calder |first=William Musgrave III |date=1976 |title=Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff to William Abbott Oldfather: Three Unpublished Letters |journal=The Classical Journal |volume=72 |issue=2 |page=119 note 27 |jstor=3297082 }}</ref>
* [[Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg]], German naturalist<ref>{{cite book |title=Parasitology |date=1923 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=320 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b29NAAAAYAAJ |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
* [[Johann Hermann Schein]], German composer and [[Thomaskantor]]<ref>[https://www.vocalessence.org/johann-hermann-schein-musical-moments-with-philip-brunelle/ Johann Hermann Schein, Musical Moments with Philip Brunelle]</ref>
* [[Frederick Klaeber]] (1863–1954), German philologist<ref>{{cite book |last1=Johnson |first1=Elwin Bird |title=Dictionary of the University of Minnesota |date=1908 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DkNMAAAAMAAJ |access-date=3 June 2024 |language=en}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Sächsisches Landesgymnasium Sankt Afra zu Meißen|Landesgymnasium St. Afra]], in [[Saxony]]
*[[Gymnasium St. Augustine]] in [[Grimma]], [[Saxony]]
*[[Internatsschule Schloss Hansenberg]], in [[Hesse]]
*[[Landesgymnasium für Hochbegabte Schwäbisch Gmünd]], in [[Baden-Württemberg]]
*[[Schnepfenthal Salzmann School]], in [[Thuringia]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{cite web |title=Landesschule Pforta: Begabtenförderung & Internatsleben |website=Landesschule Pforta |date=22 September 2014 |url=http://www.landesschule-pforta.de/index.php?a=en&z=histor | language=de | ref={{sfnref|Landesschule Pforta|2014}} |access-date=22 January 2017}}
'''Attribution'''
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Pforta |volume=21 |page=340}}
*{{CE1913|last=Löffler |first=Klemens |wstitle=Pforta  |volume=11}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Schulpforte|Pforta}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Education in Germany]]
[[Category:Bad Kösen]]
[[Category:Romanesque Road]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 1540s]]
[[Category:1543 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]