View source for Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo

{{short description|Art museum in São Paulo, Brazil}}
{{infobox museum
| name            = Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo
| image           = Pinacoteca de São Paulo, Brazil.jpg
| logo            = [[File:Marca da Pinacoteca de São Paulo.png|60px]]
| caption         = Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo
| established     = 1905
| location        = [[São Paulo]], Brazil
| mapframe        = yes
| mapframe-caption = Interactive fullscreen map
| mapframe-zoom   = 12
| mapframe-marker = museum
| mapframe-wikidata = yes
| mapframe-height = 150
| coordinates     = {{WikidataCoord|display=it}}
| visitors        = 397,000<ref>{{in lang|pt}}Alfano, Ana Paula. [http://www.terra.com.br/istoegente/398/diversao_arte/expo_foco_sp.htm  Istoé Gente]. Retrieved on 2008-1-11.</ref> (2007)
| director        = Jochen Volz
| curator         = Ana Maria Maia
| website         = {{URL|pinacoteca.org.br}}
| publictransit   = [[File:1blue.png|15px]][[File:4yellow.png|15px]][[File:7roxo.png|15px]][[File:11orange.png|15px]] [[Luz Station|Luz]]
}}
The '''Pinacoteca de São Paulo''' (Portuguese for "[[pinacotheca]] (picture gallery) of the [[state of São Paulo]]") is a visual [[Art museum|arts museum]] focused on [[Brazilian art]] from the 19th century to the present day, in dialogue with various cultures from around the world. Founded in 1905 by the Government of the State of São Paulo, the Pinacoteca is the oldest art museum in the city and has three buildings: Pinacoteca Luz, Pinacoteca Estação and Pinacoteca Contemporânea. The museum holds exhibitions of its renowned collection of Brazilian art and temporary exhibitions of national and international artists. The Pinacoteca also develops and presents multidisciplinary public projects, in addition to hosting a comprehensive and inclusive educational program.
The original collection was formed from the transfer of 20 works from the Museu Paulista of the University of São Paulo, together with another 6 works acquired from important artists from the city such as [[José Ferraz de Almeida Júnior|Almeida Júnior]], [[:pt:Pedro_Alexandrino_Borges|Pedro Alexandrino]], [[Antônio Parreiras]] and [[Oscar Pereira da Silva]], especially to form the new collection.
After a renovation led by [[Paulo Mendes da Rocha]] in the 1990s, the museum established itself as one of the most dynamic cultural institutions in the country, integrating itself into the international exhibition circuit, promoting diverse cultural events and maintaining an active bibliographic production.<ref name="MINC">{{cite web |access-date=9 November 2009 |publisher=Ministério da Cultura |title=Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |url=http://www.cultura.gov.br/brasil_arte_contemporanea/?page_id=406 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621115109/http://www.cultura.gov.br/brasil_arte_contemporanea/?page_id=406 |archive-date=2009-06-21}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Pina, as it is also known, also manages the space called Pinacoteca Estação, a historic building that also houses the [[:pt:Memorial_da_Resistência_de_São_Paulo|Memorial da Resistência de São Paulo]], installed in the old [[:pt:Departamento_de_Ordem_Política_e_Social|DOPS building]], in [[Bom Retiro (district of São Paulo)|Bom Retiro]], where it holds temporary exhibitions.
In 2023, the museum opened its third building, Pina Contemporânea, integrated into [[Jardim da Luz|Parque da Luz]]. The space has a public square for artistic and cultural activities, two galleries for exhibiting large-format works, studios for educational activities, as well as a store, auditorium, observation deck and reception area. In the same year, the then known Library and Documentation and Research Center was provided for the Pina Contemporânea building. In 2024, it was renamed the Visual Arts Library.
The Pinacoteca houses one of the largest and most representative collections of Brazilian art, with more than twelve thousand pieces covering mostly the history of Brazilian painting from the 19th and 20th centuries. Other highlights include the Brasiliana Collection, made up of works by foreign artists working in Brazil or inspired by the country's iconography, the Nemirovsky Collection, with an impressive set of masterpieces of Brazilian modernism, and the Roger Wright Collection, received on loan in January 2015. On average, the museum hosts 18 temporary exhibitions per year.
== History ==
The origins of the Pinacoteca de São Paulo date back to the creation of the [[São Paulo School of Arts and Crafts|Liceu de Artes e Ofícios de São Paulo]]. This, in turn, is the result of a context of profound social, political and economic changes that took place in São Paulo in the second half of the 19th century. The then province, which had remained of little importance until the 1870s, was undergoing transformations, driven by the expansion of [[Brazilian coffee cycle|coffee production]] and the consolidation of the [[Rail transport in Brazil|railway network]]. It received a large influx of immigrants (intensified after the [[Slavery in Brazil|slavery abolitionism]]), which brought about significant transformations, ranging from material culture and eating habits to new forms of socialization. Urban centers became denser and more modern. In the city of São Paulo, the capital accumulated by coffee growers was reinvested in the fledgling [[Industry in Brazil|industry]], fueling the cycle of prosperity. New buildings were constructed and the [[Earth structure|rammed earth technique]] gave way to brick masonry. Noble neighborhoods were built to house the mansions and palaces of the coffee barons, always following [[History of architecture#European|European architectural standards]], marked by [[Eclecticism in architecture|eclecticism]]. Even more numerous were the working-class neighborhoods that emerged, expanding the urban core rapidly.<ref name="Lemos, Lourenço & Rocha 19-20">Lemos, Lourenço & Rocha, 1994, pp. 19-20.</ref><ref name="Barros 2005 21-22">Barros (ed.), 2005, pp. 21-22.</ref>
== Pinacoteca Luz ==
After the creation of the Liceu de Artes e Ofícios in 1873, the institution's sponsors negotiated with the provincial government the donation of a plot of land for the school, next to the Jardim Público da Luz – which occurred in 1896 –, in addition to the granting of resources for the construction of the headquarters, whose construction began in 1897.<ref name="Edifício">{{cite web|access-date=12 March 2015 |editor=[[Universidade de São Paulo]] (USP) |title=Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |url=http://www.usp.br/espacoaberto/arquivo/2007/espaco78abr/0cultura02.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
The building, designed by [[Ramos de Azevedo]] and Domiciano Rossi, his main collaborator, has a monumental style in strong harmony with the principles of Italian eclecticism, consisting of three floors, with two internal courtyards to ensure ventilation and lighting. In the center, on the first floor, is the central lobby, with very high ceilings and windows facing the interior, which includes a dome, which was never completed. Imported materials such as Riga pine and French [[Ceramic|ceramics]] were used in the construction. In the project, the engineers planned to integrate the building with the [[Jardim da Luz]], using side balconies and windows overlooking the park. The building was partially inaugurated in 1900, when some primary and art courses began to operate. However, the building was never completed, as evidenced by the exposed bricks on the façade and in the internal courtyards and the absence of the aforementioned dome, which was part of the original project.<ref name="Edifício2">{{cite web|access-date=12 March 2015 |editor=[[Universidade de São Paulo]] (USP) |title=Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |url=http://www.usp.br/espacoaberto/arquivo/2007/espaco78abr/0cultura02.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
The building was officially listed in 1982, with the aim of preserving one of the components of the architectural ensemble of the Luz neighborhood, characteristic of the turn of the 19th to the 20th century in [[São Paulo]], which also includes the Luz Station, Júlio Prestes Station, the São Paulo [[Museum of Sacred Art of São Paulo|Museum of Sacred Art]], among others.<ref name="Edifício3">{{cite web|access-date=12 March 2015 |editor=[[Universidade de São Paulo]] (USP) |title=Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |url=http://www.usp.br/espacoaberto/arquivo/2007/espaco78abr/0cultura02.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
Between 1993 and 1998, the main building underwent extensive renovations led by architect Paulo Mendes da Rocha, together with architects Weliton Ricoy Torres and Eduardo Argenton Colonelli, which resulted in a museum adapted to the needs of international exhibitions, making the Pinacoteca do Estado a popular destination for many of the exhibitions that come to São Paulo. The renovation project was awarded the [[European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture|Mies van der Rohe Prize]] for Latin America to the three architects.<ref name="Edifício4">{{cite web|access-date=12 March 2015 |editor=[[Universidade de São Paulo]] (USP) |title=Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |url=http://www.usp.br/espacoaberto/arquivo/2007/espaco78abr/0cultura02.htm}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
== Pinacoteca Estação ==
In 2003, the Pinacoteca de São Paulo also began to manage the building that housed the [[Department of Political and Social Order|DOPS]] (Department of Order and Social Policy) in downtown São Paulo for over half a century. Opened in 1914 and designed by [[Ramos de Azevedo]] to serve as a warehouse for the Companhia Sorocabana, the building was completely restored according to a design by architect Haron Cohen. Today, called Pinacoteca Estação, the eight-thousand-square-meter space has the ideal technical conditions for the museum activities it hosts.<ref>{{cite web|access-date=12 March 2015 |archive-date=2015-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317173156/http://www.pinacoteca.org.br/pinacoteca-pt/default.aspx?mn=570&c=1035&s=0&friendly=estacao-pinacoteca |editor=Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo |title=Estação Pinacoteca |url=http://www.pinacoteca.org.br/pinacoteca-pt/default.aspx?mn=570&c=1035&s=0&friendly=estacao-pinacoteca}}<!-- auto-translated from Portuguese by Module:CS1 translator --></ref>
== Pina Contemporânea ==
On March 4, 2023, the [https://pinacoteca.org.br/ Pinacoteca de São] [https://pinacoteca.org.br/ Paulo] inaugurated the Pinacoteca Contemporânea building. The project, designed by Arquitetos Associados, was designed to be integrated into the century-old Parque da Luz and the neighborhoods of [[Bom Retiro (district of São Paulo)|Bom Retiro]] and Luz. The Pinacoteca Contemporânea building is a long-standing dream of the museum. In 2015, with the transfer of the Prudente de Moraes State School to a new and more complete space, the group of buildings adjacent to Parque da Luz began to be designed to house the third building of the Pinacoteca de São Paulo. In 2018, the land was officially ceded to the Secretariat of Culture and Creative Economy of the State of São Paulo. Through the Associação Pinacoteca Arte e Cultura – [https://apacsp.org.br/ APAC], a social organization that has managed the Pinacoteca de São Paulo since 2006, the contracting of the basic and executive projects and the approval procedures with the [[Heritage language learning|heritage]] preservation agencies and municipal authorities were initiated.
The proposal maintained the architectural volumes of the two blocks of buildings already on the site. One older, attributed to the Ramos de Azevedo office, is a remnant of the first [[school]] built there, and the other more modern, from the 1950s, designed by the architect Hélio Duarte. Connecting these two blocks is a large covered public square, measuring 1,339.2 m², and a pavilion containing the Galeria Praça, measuring 200 m², two studios for educational activities and the museum store. With 1,000m², the Grand Gallery, located in the basement, and a mezzanine overlooking Parque da Luz, where the cafeteria is located, complement the project, creating an environment that meets the fundamental requirements for a 21st century museum, while being friendly, inclusive and accessible.
==See also==
* [[Ema Gordon Klabin Cultural Foundation]]
* [[Museu Nacional de Belas Artes]]
* [[São Paulo Museum of Art]]
* [[List of largest art museums]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* {{URL|pinacoteca.org.br|Pinacoteca.org.br}}
* {{Enciclopédia Itaú Cultural|instituicao111664/pinacoteca-do-estado-de-sao-paulo-pina|Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo}}
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/partner/pinacoteca-do-estado-de-sao-paulo?hl=en Virtual tour of the Pinacoteca do Estado de São Paulo] provided by [[Google Arts & Culture]]
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{{Visitor attractions in São Paulo (city)}}
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[[Category:Art museums and galleries in Brazil]]
[[Category:Museums in São Paulo]]
[[Category:Art museums and galleries established in 1905]]
[[Category:1905 establishments in Brazil]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in São Paulo]]