View source for Pinsker's hawk-eagle

{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Pinskers hawk eagle 4.jpg
| image_caption = A captive adult
| image2 = Pinsker's Hawk-eagle (cropped).jpg
| image2_caption = A wild juvenile Pinsker's hawk-eagle seen in Davao de Oro
| status = EN
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Nisaetus pinskeri'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22734083A95073986 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22734083A95073986.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
| genus = Nisaetus
| species = pinskeri
| authority = (Preleuthner & Gamauf, 1998)
| synonyms = ''Spizaetus philippensis pinskeri''  <small>Preleuthner & Gamauf, 1998</small>
}}
'''Pinsker's hawk-eagle''' ('''''Nisaetus pinskeri'''''), '''south Philippine hawk-eagle''' or '''Mindanao hawk-eagle''', is a species of [[bird of prey]] in the family [[Accipitridae]].<ref name=Gamauf2005>{{cite journal|vauthors=Gamauf A, Gjershaug JO, Rov N, Kvaly K, Haring E |year=2005|title=Species or subspecies? The dilemma of taxonomic ranking of some South-East Asian hawk-eagles (genus Spizaetus)|journal=Bird Conservation International |volume=15 |pages=99–117 |doi=10.1017/S0959270905000080 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262735426|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Gamauf1998>{{cite journal |journal=Forktail |volume=14 |year=1998 |pages=1–11 |title=Distribution and field identification of Philippine birds of prey: 1. Philippine Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus philippensis) and Changeable Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus cirrhatus)|author1=Gamauf A, Preleuthner M|author2=W. Pinsker|name-list-style=amp|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230856883}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.nhm-wien.ac.at/Content.Node/forschung/1zoo/vogelsammlung/mitarbeiter/preleuthner_and_gamauf_1998_jrr.pdf|journal=J. Raptor Res. |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=126–135 |year=1998 |author1=Preleuthner, M.  |author2=Gamauf, A. |name-list-style=amp |title=A possible new subspecies of the Philippine Hawk-eagle (''Spizaetus philippensis'') and its future prospects.}}</ref> It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Philippines]] native to the islands of [[Leyte]], [[Samar]], [[Negros Island|Negros]], [[Basilan]], [[Bohol]] and [[Mindanao]]. It is found in primary moist lowland forest and tropical moist montane forest up to 1,900 m.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Allen|first=Desmond|title=Birds of the Philippines|publisher=Lynx and Birdlife Guides International|year=2020|location=Barcelona|pages=190–191}}</ref> It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting. IUCN estimates just 600–800 mature birds left.
== Description and taxonomy ==
It is most closely related to the [[Philippine hawk-eagle]] (''Nisaetus philipensis'') with some taxonomists still considering it a subspecies, and Changeable hawk-eagle (''Nisaetus cirrhatus'') and hawk eagle species which is commonly distributed in Southeast Asia. [[EBird]] describes the bird as "A fairly large raptor of lowland and foothill forest in the southern Philippines. Dark brown above and whitish below with a streaked head and chest and a finely barred lower belly. Note the long hind crest and the chin stripe. In flight, shows barred wings and a fairly long tail both with a dark terminal band. Juveniles much paler. Remarkably similar to Philippine Honey-Buzzard, but head doesn’t project as far forward from the wings. Voice is a fairly high, screeching “week wik!”."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pinsker's Hawk-eagle|url=https://ebird.org/species/stbbul1/|website=Ebird}}</ref>
It was formerly conspecific with the [[Philippine hawk-eagle]] but has a longer crest, smaller size,gray plummage and heavily barred belly and legs. This split was supported by molecular analysis.
This species is monotypic and has no subspecies.<ref name=":0" />
== Ecology and behavior ==
Not much information of its diet in the wild but believed to feed mostly on birds. It perches high up in the cannopy but is mostly seen at forest edge or soaring over the forest.
Based on unpublished data collected by the curators taking care of a captive Pinsker's hawk in Philippine Eagle Conservation Center (Philippine Eagle Foundation), every breeding season the natural pair hawk eagles produces one egg. The incubation takes 47 days, relatively close with the Javan hawk-eagle,<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nijman |first1=Vincent |last2=van Balen |first2=S. (Bas) |last3=Sözer |first3=Resit |date=May 2000 |title=Breeding Biology of Javan Hawk-eagle Spizaetus bartelsi in West Java, Indonesia |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1071/MU9826 |journal=Emu - Austral Ornithology |language=en |volume=100 |issue=2 |pages=125–132 |bibcode=2000EmuAO.100..125N |doi=10.1071/MU9826 |issn=0158-4197 |s2cid=32765367}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Javan Hawk-eagle Spizaetus bartelsi Stresemann, 1924 |url=http://www.conservationleadershipprogramme.org/media/2014/11/1998_INDONESIA_ECOLOGY-DITRIBUTN-ECOLOGY-OF-JAVAN-HAWK-EAGLE.pdf |access-date= |website=}}</ref> in some irregular cases, 49 days is the longest ever recorded. Unlike the Philippine eagle which is naturally producing one egg in every two years, the ''N. pinskeri'' lays egg every year. The pair rare the young up to five months even in captivity.
After five months the fledgling stage takes place. During this time, the parent hawk eagles will intentionally stop delivering the food within the nest platform, instead to the nearest branch and eventually to the distanced branches to encourage the young for branching and flying in short distances. After flight training the parent hawk eagles will push the young for dispersal and look for its own niche.
Still in captivity, during incubation period only the female hawk eagle will brood the egg. The role of the male is to deliver food to the nest. However, the nest building and nest material collection is a sole responsibility of male. The curators will introduce different kind of twigs and leaves coming from the native tree species in the Malagos watershed. The male eagle will then choose the best material for nest building.
In captivity, copulation takes place four times every day and breeding season starts in early September to October and approximately courtship begun by March.
==Habitat and conservation Status==
This species is found in both tropical moist lowland forest and tropical moist montane forest up to 1,900 meters above sea level.
The Pinsker's Hawk-Eagle is listed as [[Endangered species (IUCN status)]] with estimates of just 600 to 800 mature adults remaining. They are mainly threatened by [[habitat loss]], hunting and trapping for the pet trade.
It is found in a few protected areas including [[Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape]], [[Mount Kanlaon]], [[Pasonanca Natural Park]], [[Mount Apo]], [[Mount Kitanglad]], [[Mount Hamiguitan]], [[Mount Malindang]], [[Samar Island Natural Park]] and [[Balinsasayao Twin Lakes Natural Park]] but actual protection from deforestation is still lax. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Fjeldså |first=Jon |date=2020 |title=Pinsker's Hawk-Eagle (Nisaetus pinskeri), version 1.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/pinhae1/1.0/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.pinhae1.01species_shared.bow.project_name |issn=2771-3105}}</ref>
==References==
{{Wikispecies|Nisaetus pinskeri}}
{{Reflist}}
* Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson. 2011. The Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.6
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1264856}}
[[Category:Nisaetus|Pinsker's hawk-eagle]]
[[Category:Endemic birds of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Birds of Negros Island]]
[[Category:Birds of Mindanao]]
[[Category:Fauna of Leyte]]
[[Category:Fauna of Samar]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1998|Pinsker's hawk-eagle]]
[[Category:Eagles]]
{{Accipitriformes-stub}}