View source for Placard

{{Short description|Notice installed in a public place}}
A '''placard''' is a notice installed in a public place, like a small [[:wikt:card|card]], [[Signage|sign]], or [[:wikt:plaque|plaque]].<ref>{{cite web |title=placard |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/placard |date= |publisher= Merriam-Webster, Incorporated|accessdate=1 August 2009}}</ref> It can be attached to or hung from a [[vehicle]] or [[building]] to indicate information about the vehicle operator or contents of a vehicle or building. It can also refer to paperboard signs or notice carried by [[Picketing|picketers]] or [[Demonstration (protest)|demonstrators]].
== Buildings ==
A placard is posted on buildings to communicate a wide variety of information, such as fire safety policies, emergency shelters.
The [[International Building Code]] requires doors in some public and commercial structures, fitted with an internal key lock have a notice "This door to remain unlocked when this space is occupied" in a minimum of {{convert|1|in|mm}} text be posted beside or above the door.<ref name ="IBC 2018"/> Some state and local building codes modify this text, such as [[California]] fire code, which specifies "This door to remain unlocked during business hours".<ref name="CA - Door Unlocked Sign">{{cite web |last1=State of California |authorlink1=State of California |title=Cal/OSHA - Title 8 regulations |url=https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/3235.html |website=www.dir.ca.gov |publisher=State of California |accessdate=11 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426142047/https://www.dir.ca.gov/title8/3235.html |archivedate=26 April 2019 |language=English}}</ref>
Temporary placards may be placed on buildings such as warning signs when a structure is being [[fumigation|fumigated]], or has been condemned by [[Building inspection|building inspectors]] or the [[fire department]] and is unsafe to enter.
===Fallout shelters===
[[File:United States of America Fallout shelter sign.jpg|thumb|150px|A fallout shelter sign]]
As part of the [[civil defense]] preparations in the event of a nuclear attack, in 1961 [[United States]] began establishing [[fallout shelters]] in communities across the country. The shelters were symbolized by orange-yellow and black [[trefoil]] symbol, designed by [[Robert Blakeley|Robert W. Blakeley]].<ref name="Blakeley NYT">{{cite web |last1=McFadden |first1=Robert |title=Robert Blakeley, Who Created a Sign of the Cold War, Dies at 95 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/obituaries/robert-blakeley-whose-fallout-shelter-sign-symbolized-the-cold-war-dies-at-95.html?_r=0 |website=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805160704/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/27/obituaries/robert-blakeley-whose-fallout-shelter-sign-symbolized-the-cold-war-dies-at-95.html?_r=0 |archivedate=5 August 2018 |language=English |date=27 October 2017}}</ref>
In 1962, 1.4 million metal signs and 1 million adhesive stickers were manufactured and distributed across the country at a total cost of $700,500 {{Inflation|US|700500|1962|fmt=eq}}.<ref name="1962 Fallout Sign Numbers">{{cite web |last1=United States Department of Defense |authorlink1=United States Department of Defense |title=1962 Annual Report - Page 12 |url=http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/signs/DODOCD1962AnnualReptPage12.pdf |website=civildefensemuseum.com |accessdate=9 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613162039/http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/signs/DODOCD1962AnnualReptPage12.pdf |archivedate=13 June 2018 |page=12 |language=English |date=1962}}</ref>
Two standard signs were used widely, a {{convert|14|by|20|in|mm}} aluminum sign for posting on the exterior of buildings identifying the building as having a fallout shelter, and a {{convert|10|by|14|in|mm}} steel sign, intended for interior use to the shelter's location and mark the actual location of the shelter within the building.
<ref name="Fallout 1977">{{cite web |last1=United States Department of Defense |authorlink1=United States Department of Defense |title=Posting Fallout Shelter Signs |url=http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/signs/CPG1-19A.pdf |website=civildefensemuseum.com |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613162011/http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/signs/CPG1-19A.pdf |archivedate=13 June 2018 |language=English |date=November 1977}}</ref>
The sign system included 'overlays' that were designed to be added to signs for conveying additional information about the specific shelter and its location.<ref name="Fallout Shelter Signs - 1964">{{cite web |last1=United States Department of Defense |authorlink1=United States Department of Defense |title=Handbook of Instructions for Posting Fallout Shelter Signs |url=http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/signs/DODOCDFGC8.1.pdf |accessdate=9 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613162532/http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/signs/DODOCDFGC8.1.pdf |archivedate=13 June 2018 |language=English |date=June 1964}}</ref>
<br/>'''Exterior sign overlays:'''
{{Div col}}
* Numbers - for Capacity marking
* Arrows
* In Basement
* Refugio - (Spanish speaking areas)
* Refugio Contra Radiacion - (Spanish speaking areas)
* Lafiga Mai Pefuatomika - (American Samoa)
* Aofai E Ofi - (American Samoa)
* Miles
* [[City blocks|Blocks]]
* Numbers for "Miles" & "Blocks"
{{Div col end}}
<br/>'''Interior sign overlays:'''
{{Div col}}
* Starts Here - With arrows
* Capacity - with numbers
* Comienzo - with arrows (Spanish speaking areas)
* Amata Iinei - with arrows (American Samoa)
* In This Corridor
* On
* Floors
* Numbers for the "Floors"
{{Div col end}}
Alternate languages overlays in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] in areas where it was widely spoken and [[Samoan language|Samoan]] for use on [[American Samoa]].<ref name="Fallout Shelter Signs - 1964"/>
Following the ending of funding for fallout shelters in the late 1970s. Following the end of the program there was no organized effort by the federal government reclaim shelter supplies and signage, resulting in most shelters being abandoned in situ until building owners cleared away the shelter's supplies and signage during subsequent renovations or demolition projects.<ref name="NYC Fallout sign"/>  In 2017, New York City announced a formal project to go through all city-owned structures and remove any remaining fallout shelter signage, citing the fact no structure still had a functioning shelter and would not be usable in an emergency.
<ref name="NYC Fallout sign">{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Jonathan|title=New York City To Remove Misleading Nuclear Fallout Shelter Signs|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/new-york-city-nuclear-fallout-shleter-signs_us_5a43816ce4b025f99e18e04d?ncid=inblnkushpmg00000009|accessdate=27 December 2017|agency=Reuters|work=Huffington Post|date=27 December 2017}}</ref>
===Firefighting markings===
Numerous markings have been developed to better aid [[firefighters]] and other first responders to warn of hazards from hazardous materials, location of utility shut-offs, fire alarm and sprinkler control panels, construction and condition of the building.
====Fire sprinkler systems====
The International Code Council's [[International Building Code]] requires that all fire [[standpipe (firefighting)|standpipe]] and [[fire sprinkler]] connections must be visible from the roadway or fire department access in new construction. On existing buildings, where the connection is not visible from these places, it must clearly marked with a red and white sign, with "FDC", short for "Fire Department Connection", in {{convert|6|in|mm}} letters, with any other lettering or arrows being {{convert|2|in|mm}} tall.<ref name ="IBC 2018">{{cite book |last1=International Code Council |authorlink1=International Building Code |title=2018 International building code |date=August 2017 |publisher=International Code Council, Inc |isbn=978-1-60983-735-8 |edition= First}}</ref> Signs must also state what is fed by the connection. If a connection does not cover an entire building, such a connection feeding fire sprinklers that are only in a new addition, the area covered must be stated on the sign.
If a [[fire alarm system]] does not automatically call the fire department, a "When Alarm Sounds - Call Fire Department" sign must be posted at all [[Manual fire alarm activation|fire alarm pull station/call points]] and at any external [[fire alarm notification appliance]]s.
====NFPA 704====
{{Main|NFPA 704}}
[[File:NFPA-704-NFPA-Diamonds-Sign-130.png|85px|thumb|right|A [[NFPA 704]] symbol for [[Acetone]].]]
[[NFPA 704]] is a standard developed by the [[National Fire Protection Association]] for warning [[first responder]]s to hazards posed by [[dangerous goods|hazardous materials]] stored in a building or facility. The signs are intended to be mounted on the exteriors of buildings, storage tanks and storage areas.
The square is divided into four sections, color coded: Red - flammability; blue - health hazard; yellow - reactivity/instability; White - special hazard, such as oxidizers, water reactive or [[Asphyxiant gas|Asphyxiating gas]].
The red, yellow and blue sections are labeled on scale of 0 to 4; 0 'minimal hazard' to 4, 'severe hazard'. White (special hazard) is represented by letter codes ("OX","SA", a "W" with a line through it).
====NFPA 170====
Introduced in 1991, NFPA 710 combined 4 existing standards, 171, 172, 174 and 178 into a single standard NFPA 710 - ''Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols''. The standard contains symbols for use in buildings to locate [[exit sign|exits]], firefighting equipment and enforce fire safety rules, in addition to symbols for building [[blueprint]]s, diagrams and firefighting operation maps.<ref name="NFPA 710">{{cite web |last1=National Fire Protection Association |authorlink1=National Fire Protection Association |title=NFPA 710 - Standard for Fire Safety and Emergency Symbols - 2009 Edition |url=http://iepi.neu.edu.cn/Download/Standards/NFPA/NFPA%20170-2009%20Standard%20for%20Fire%20Safety%20and%20Emergency%20Sysmbols.pdf |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160910144205/http://iepi.neu.edu.cn/Download/Standards/NFPA/NFPA%20170-2009%20Standard%20for%20Fire%20Safety%20and%20Emergency%20Sysmbols.pdf |archivedate=10 September 2016 |language=English |date=2009}}</ref>
The standard utilizes the [[ISO]]'s '[[ISO 7010#Safe Condition|running man]]' symbol for exit signage, similar to international standards, along with the ISO 7010 symbols for Fire alarm call point, fire extinguisher and fire hose reel.{{efn|name=ISO Fire}}<ref name="NFPA 710"/>
The standard also provides symbols for marking [[Standpipe (firefighting)|standpipe]] connectors and identifying what the standpipe connection supplies water to: [[fire sprinkler]] systems, standpipes or both.
The standard also contains symbols for informing for enforcing fire safety rules, such as prohibiting cooking, smoking, hanging of items from fire sprinklers, and use of elevators in evacuations.<ref name="NFPA 710"/>
====Truss/floor construction====
Changes in building design, towards 'lightweight construction'{{efn|name=LW Con}} in the late 20th century has presented new hazards to firefighters. The materials are prone to failure when exposed to flames, resulting in roof and floor collapses, spread of fire due to heat conduction in designs using metal.<ref name="Roof Truss LACOFD">{{cite web |last1=Reed |first1=Craig |title=Roof Operations |url=http://www.lacountyfirefighters.org/items/roof_construction_ops_web.pdf |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808081801/http://www.lacountyfirefighters.org/items/roof_construction_ops_web.pdf |archivedate=8 August 2019 |language=English }}</ref> The placard's design varies from state to state, though numerous designs use triangles. All systems use the basic labeling system: "F" for 'floor', "R" for 'roof' and "RF" for 'floor and roof'. New York's system also includes information on the material trusses are constructed from.<ref name="Westbury Fire Placards"/>
The states of Florida,<ref name="FL Truss Law"/> New Jersey,<ref name="NJ Truss Law"/> New York,<ref name="Westbury Fire Placards"/> Vermont,<ref name="VT Truss Law"/> and Mississippi;<ref name="MI Truss Law"/> along with the cities of San Francisco, CA,<ref name="SF Truss Law"/> Chesapeake, VA<ref name="Acushnet Truss Law"/> and Acushnet, MA<ref name="Acushnet Truss Law"/> have laws requiring posting of a truss warning placard on structures.
====Vacant Building markings====
On 3 December 1999, six firefighters died [[Worcester Cold Storage and Warehouse Co. fire|fighting a fire inside]] an abandoned six floor warehouse. The firefighters had entered the structure and became disoriented and unable to escape the maze-like interior before multiple collapses occurred. Following the disaster, the [[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] recommended:
{{Quote
|text=Recommendation #10: Fire departments should identify dangerous vacant buildings by affixing warning placards to entrance doorways or other openings where fire fighters may enter.<ref name="NIOSH Worcester Fire">{{cite web |last1=Braddee |first1=Richard |title=Six Career Fire Fighters Killed in Cold-Storage and Warehouse Building Fire - Massachusetts |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face9947.html |website=NIOSH |publisher=[[National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411085600/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fire/reports/face9947.html |archivedate=11 April 2019 |language=English |date=27 September 2000}}</ref>
|author=Richard W. Braddee
}}
In 2006, the International Code Council's [[International Code Council|International Fire Code]] introduced a marking system to help firefighters identify abandoned, vacant or unsafe structures and hazards posed by them. The system was devised from system used by the [[New York City Fire Department]], recommended by NIOSH in the Worcester report, with modifications to color and sign dimensions.<ref name="Rochester Marking">{{cite web |last1=McMillan |first1=Martin |title=Implementing a Vacant Building Marking System in Rochester, New York |url=https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=727209 |publisher=City of Rochester Fire Department |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808052501/https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=727209 |archivedate=8 August 2019 |pages=21–22 |language=English |format=PDF}}</ref>{{efn|name=FDNY System}} The signs are red and white, {{convert|24|in|mm}} square, mounted on the front and entrances to the structure, with the date it was posted.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Daley |first1=Michael |title=Vacant and Abandoned Building Marking Systems |url=https://www.firehouse.com/safety-health/article/10463134/vacant-and-abandoned-building-marking-systems |website=Firehouse |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808031815/https://www.firehouse.com/safety-health/article/10463134/vacant-and-abandoned-building-marking-systems |archivedate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=18 April 2011}}</ref><ref name="NC 311">{{cite web |last1=State of North Carolina |title=2012 - North Carolina Fire Code - Section 311 - Vacant Premises |url=http://www.ncagr.gov/property/documents/2012NCFiretitlepage.indd-Chapter3-Section311-VacantBuildings.pdf |publisher=State of North Carolina |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421165339/http://www.ncagr.gov/property/documents/2012NCFiretitlepage.indd-Chapter3-Section311-VacantBuildings.pdf |archivedate=21 April 2019 |date=2012}}</ref>
<gallery caption="Section 311 - Vacant building placards" class="center">
IFC 311 Placard 1 - Normal Structural Conditions.svg|Structure is in normal condition as of the most recent inspection.
IFC 311 Placard 2 - Use Caution.svg|Interior firefighting and rescue operations should be conducted with caution, due to structural hazards.
IFC 311 Placard 3 - Serious Hazards Within.svg|Exterior firefighting only, with interior operations only to protect life.
</gallery>
To provide useful information in planning operations, signs can have letter combinations added to identify known hazards.<ref name="NC 311"/><ref name="Westbury Fire Placards"/>
{{Div col}}
* R/O - Roof open
* S/M - Stairs, steps and landings missing
* F/E - Avoid [[fire escape]]s
* H/F - Holes in floor
* F/O - Floors open
{{Div col end}}
== Vehicles ==
{{See also|Disabled parking permit}}
===Abnormal transportation===
{{Main|Oversize load}}
[[File:Fructal + Convoi Exeptionnel = ??? (15229393342).jpg|thumb|250px|A Slovenian truck with ''Izredni prevoz'', ''Vanredni Prevoz'', ''Convoi exceptionnel''{{efn|name="Convi"}} placards and red and white striped placards for defining the dimensions of the load.]]
Vehicles involved in [[Oversize load]] transport display markings warning other road users that the vehicle's load may exceed the marked lane's width, unusually long, or tall. The transport vehicle may be forced to travel at unusually low speeds, make unusual maneuvers to avoid overhead hazards or complete turns.<ref name="EU Oversize Transport">{{cite web |last1=European Commission - Directorate-General for Energy and Transport |authorlink1=Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport |title=Abnormal Road Transport - European Best Practice Guidelines |url=http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/fa2d050b-24d2-469c-af61-43838653f075.0003.02/DOC_1 |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808102741/http://publications.europa.eu/resource/cellar/fa2d050b-24d2-469c-af61-43838653f075.0003.02/DOC_1 |archivedate=8 August 2019 |language=English |format=PDF |date=2008}}</ref>
===Dangerous goods markings===
{{Main|1=Dangerous_goods#Classification_and_labeling_summary_tables|l1="Dangerous goods marking"}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  !! Class 1 - Explosives !! Class 2.2 - Non-flammable gas !! Class 3 - Flammable liquid !! Class 8 - Corrosives !! Class 9 - Miscellaneous
|-
| [[ADR (treaty)|UN ADR]] || [[File:UN transport pictogram - 1.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:ADR 2.2.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:ADR 3.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:UN transport pictogram - 8.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:ADR 9.svg|100px|center]]
|-
| United States || [[File:Dangclass1.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 2.2.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 3.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 8.svg|100px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 9.svg|100px|center]]
|}
===ADR Treaty===
{{further|c:ADR labels of danger|label1=UN/ADR treaty dangerous goods markings}}
Road vehicles carrying dangerous goods in countries that follow the [[ADR (treaty)|European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR)]], are required to display an orange plate on the front and rear of the vehicle.<ref name="ADR">{{cite web |last1=United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |authorlink1=United Nations Economic Commission for Europe |title=European Agreement Concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road - Volume II |url=https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/publications/ADR_2019_vol2_1818956_E.pdf |accessdate=8 August 2019 |pages=238–254 |date=1 January 2019}}</ref>
'''ADR marking display requirements:'''<ref name="HSE ADR">{{cite web |last1=Health and Safety Executive |authorlink1=Health and Safety Executive |title=Consignment Procedures |url=http://www.hse.gov.uk/cdg/manual/consignment.htm#marking |website=hse.gov.uk |accessdate=11 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407040648/http://www.hse.gov.uk/cdg/manual/consignment.htm |archivedate=7 April 2019 |language=English}}</ref><ref name="Ireland ADR">{{cite web |last1=Health and Safety Authority |authorlink1=Health and Safety Authority |title=ADR Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road - A Guide For Business |url=https://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Chemical_and_Hazardous_Substances/ADR_Carriage_of_Dangerous_Goods_by_Road_A_Guide_for_Business.pdf |website=www.hsa.ie |accessdate=11 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729150119/http://www.hsa.ie/eng/Publications_and_Forms/Publications/Chemical_and_Hazardous_Substances/ADR_Carriage_of_Dangerous_Goods_by_Road_A_Guide_for_Business.pdf |archivedate=29 July 2018 |pages=52–53 |language=English }}</ref>
*[[Van]]s, [[box truck]]s and [[Tautliner|curtain side trucks]]: [[:File:UN ADR Plate - Blank.svg|blank orange plate]], front and rear of vehicle.{{efn|name=Ferries}}{{efn|name="Class 1 & 7"}}
*Road vehicles carrying [[intermodal container|shipping containers]]: [[:File:UN ADR Plate - Blank.svg|Blank orange plate]], front and rear of vehicle and appropriate hazard placard on all sides of the container.
*Tanker trucks, [[tank container]]s:[[:File:UN ADR Plate - Blank.svg|Blank orange plate]], front of vehicle; [[:File:ADR Plate - UN 1203 Gasoline.svg|ADR Plate with HIN and UN number]] and hazard placard on both sides and rear of tank.
<gallery>
UN ADR Plate - Blank.svg|An ADR plate affixed to the front and rear of road vehicles carrying dangerous goods.
ADR Plate - UN 1203 Gasoline.svg|An ADR plate that displays [[UN number#Hazard identifiers|Hazard identification number]] (top) and [[UN number]] (bottom).
</gallery>
===United States Department of Transportation===
{{further|c:United States hazmat markings|label1=United States dangerous goods markings}}
In the United States, Hazardous goods are broken into two categories, Table 1 and Table 2. Materials on Table 1 must be placarded in any quantity.<ref name="US DOT Placard Law">{{cite web |last1=Code of Federal Regulations |title=49 CFR 172.504 - General placarding requirements. |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2011-title49-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title49-vol2-sec172-504.pdf |website=govinfo |accessdate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=1 October 2011}}</ref>
{| align=center class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan=8 | Table 1
|-
| [[File:Dangclass1 1.svg|90px|center]] || [[File:Dangclass1 2.svg|90px|center]] || [[File:Dangclass1 3.svg|90px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 2.3.svg|90px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 4.3.svg|90px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 5.2 (alt).svg|90px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 6.1 (alt).svg|90px|center]] || [[File:DOT hazmat class 7.svg|90px|center]]
|-
| Class 1.1 || Class 1.2 || Class 1.3 || Class 2.3 || Class 4.3 || Class 5.2{{efn|name="DOT Table 1a"}} || Class 6.1{{efn|name="DOT Table 1b"}} || Class 7 - Category III{{efn|name="DOT Table 1c"}}
|}
[[File:Placard 1129.jpg|thumb|A U.S. DOT placard mounted on a railway [[tank car]].  The placard displays [[UN number]] 1129, indicating [[butyraldehyde]], as well as the pictogram for a [[flammable liquid]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Beaucham |first=Catherine C. |date=August 2023 |title=Evaluation of Potential Exposures to Railway Hazardous Material Inspectors |url=https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/reports/pdfs/2022-0049-3387.pdf |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |type=[[Health Hazard Evaluation Program|Health Hazard Evaluation Report]]}}</ref>]]
Materials on Table 2, which is all other hazardous materials not in Table 1,{{efn|name=Table 2}} must display placard if {{convert|1001|lb|kg}} or more of the material is loaded into a vehicle. If  {{convert|1000|lb|kg}} or less of a Table 2 material is loaded onto the vehicle, the placard is optional.<ref name="US DOT Placard Law"/>
Placards are required on all four sides of any motor vehicles, rail cars, and shipping containers loaded with hazardous materials. It must be attached upright, securely, kept in good condition, not obstructed by ladders, pipes or tarpaulins. It must be located at least {{convert|3|in|mm}} from other markings that could reduce its effectiveness.<ref name="US DOT Placard Display">{{cite web |last1=Code of Federal Regulations |title=49 CFR 172.516 - Visibility and display of placards. |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CFR-2010-title49-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title49-vol2-sec172-516.pdf |website=govinfo |accessdate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=1 October 2011}}</ref>
The law also prohibits the display of placards on vehicles that are not loaded with the hazardous material listed on the placard,{{efn|name=172.50a}} placards that do not meet design guidelines in § 172.519 ''General specifications for placards'', or displaying advertising and slogans in a design or manner that could be confused for a placard.{{efn|name=Placard Advertising}}{{efn|name=172.50b}}
== Other uses ==
In [[Model United Nations]], the paper [[nameplate]] of a [[delegation]] is referred to as a "placard".
In computer [[graphical user interface]]s, a placard is a rectangular area of a [[window (computing)|window]] meant for displaying information to the user.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/userexperience/conceptual/applehiguidelines/Controls/Controls.html|title=OS X Human Interface Guidelines}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://my.safaribooksonline.com/book/programming/realbasic/0596001770/-buttons-and-static-texts/realbasic2-chp-12-sect-3|title=REALBasic:TDG, Second Edition}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.yahoo.com/connectedtv/devguide/CTV_DG_Design_Guidelines.html|title=Design Guidelines - YDN}}</ref>
In the [[Habsburg Netherlands]] (1482–1794) and the [[Dutch Republic]] (1581–1795) laws were often known as "Placards" ({{langx|nl|plakkaat}}) after their form of publication by way of a placard that was nailed to a wall in a public place. An important example is the [[Act of Abjuration|Dutch declaration of independence of 1581]], known in Dutch as ''Plakkaat van Verlatinghe''.
==See also==
* [[Affair of the Placards]] (French: ''Affaire des Placards''), 17 October 1534 anti-Catholic incident where posters appeared in public places in five major French cities which brought an end to the conciliatory policies of [[King Francis I of France|King Francis I]].
* [[Lawn sign|Election placard]] (lawn sign)
* [[Sign war]]
* [[Poster]]
==Notes==
{{notelist|30em|refs=
{{efn|name=ISO Fire|ISO numbers: F005, F001, F002, respectably.}}
{{efn|name=FDNY System|The FDNY system used {{convert|12|in|mm}} (later {{convert|18|in|mm}}) squares, painted with reflective yellow/lime-yellow paint.}}
{{efn|name=LW Con|Metal gusset plate trusses, [[Engineered wood#beams|wooden "I" beams]] and [[I-joist]]s, open web truss, open web steel joist, panelized roofs.}}
{{efn|name=Convi|In order: Slovenian, Bosnian, (Extraordinary Transportation) and French (Exceptional Convoy).}}
{{efn|name=Class 1 & 7|Placards must be displayed on the sides and rear of vehicles carrying Class 1 - Explosives or Class 7 - Radioactive materials.}}
{{efn|name=Ferries|Placards must be displayed on these vehicles prior to going by sea.}}
{{efn|name=DOT Table 1a|Organic Peroxide, Type B, Liquid or solid form. Temperature controlled.}}
{{efn|name=DOT Table 1b|Material poisonous by inhalation.}}
{{efn|name=DOT Table 1c|Only [[HAZMAT Class 7 Radioactive substances#Compatibility Table|Category III]] materials.}}
{{efn|name=172.50a|For example: displaying a "Class 3 - Flammable" placard when the vehicle is loaded with Class 1.1 Explosives.}}
{{efn|name=Table 2|1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 2.1, 2.2, 3, Combustible liquids, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 (Excluding those listed on Table 1), 6.1 (Excluding poisonous by inhalation), 6.2, 8, 9, ORM-D/Limited Quantities.}}
{{efn|name=172.50b|For example, older placard holders that had a 'blank' placard for when non-hazardous materials were loaded that said 'Drive Safely'.}}
{{efn|name=Placard Advertising|An example of advertising that resembles the design of a placard is the logo for the [[Burning River Roller Derby]].}}
}}
== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="FL Truss Law">{{cite web |last1=Seminole County - Dept. of Public Safety |title=Florida Light-Frame Truss Marking Law |url=https://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/core/fileparse.php/3183/urlt/florida-20light-frame-20truss-20marking-20law-20website-20info.pdf |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201153200/https://www.seminolecountyfl.gov/core/fileparse.php/3183/urlt/florida-20light-frame-20truss-20marking-20law-20website-20info.pdf |archivedate=1 February 2017 |language=English |date=2009}}</ref>
<ref name="NJ Truss Law">{{cite web |last1=State of New Jersey |title=Senate, No. 3490 |url=ftp://www.njleg.state.nj.us/20162017/S3500/3490_I1.PDF |accessdate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=9 November 2017}}</ref>
<ref name="VT Truss Law">{{cite web |last1=State of Vermont |title=Fire & Building Safety Code - 2005 |url=https://archive.org/details/gov.vt.building |accessdate=8 August 2019 |page=6 |language=English |date=2005 |quote=Section 10.13.4}}</ref>
<ref name="Westbury Fire Placards">{{cite web |last1=Westbury Fire Department |title=Understanding Building Placards |url=http://www.westburyfd.org/Instructors2014/Dept_Training_Bulletin_-_Understanding_Building_Placards.pdf |accessdate=8 August 2019 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808075240/http://www.westburyfd.org/Instructors2014/Dept_Training_Bulletin_-_Understanding_Building_Placards.pdf |archivedate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=2014}}</ref>
<ref name="MI Truss Law">{{cite web |last1=State of Mississippi |title=§ 45-11-301 |url=https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/2017/title-45/chapter-11/truss-construction-emblems/section-45-11-301/ |website=Justia |accessdate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=2017}}</ref>
<ref name="SF Truss Law">{{cite web |last1=City of San Francisco |title=5.05 Signage of Buildings with Wood or Lightweight Steel Truss, or Composite Wood Joist (TJI) or Roof Construction |url=https://sf-fire.org/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/2108-5.05%20Signage%20for%20Wood%2C%20Lightweight%20Steel%2C%20or%20TJI%20Roof%20Construction.pdf |accessdate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=2010}}{{dead link|date=August 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
<ref name="Acushnet Truss Law">{{cite web |last1=Gately |first1=Paul |title=Acushnet fire chief says emblems can improve safety |url=https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20070219/NEWS/702190339 |website=SouthCoastToday |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808090345/https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20070219/NEWS/702190339 |archivedate=8 August 2019 |language=English |date=19 February 2007}}</ref>
}}
== External links ==
===Commons===
{{Div col}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Placards}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Fallout shelter signs}}
* {{Commons category-inline|NFPA 704 images}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Disabled parking permit}}
* {{Commons category-inline|Oversize load signs}}
* {{Commons category-inline|ADR images}}
* {{Commons category-inline|US DOT hazmat symbols}}
{{Div col end}}
===Other links===
* {{Wiktionary-inline}}
* [https://www.phmsa.dot.gov/sites/phmsa.dot.gov/files/docs/Placarding_Requirements.pdf US DOT Hazardous Materials Placarding Requirements]
[[Category:Infographics]]
[[Category:Signage]]