View source for Podujevë

{{Short description|City and municipality in Kosovo}}
{{About|the city and municipality|the Albanian ambassador|Besiana Kadare}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage-->| name               = Podujevë
| native_name        = ''Podujevë'' or {{native name|sq|Besianë}}<br>{{native name|Sr|Подујево}}
| other_name         =
| settlement_type    = [[List of cities and towns in Kosovo|City]] and [[Municipalities of Kosovo|municipality]]
| image_skyline      = File:Ura.jpg
| imagesize          =
| image_flag         = Flag of Podujevo.png
| image_blank_emblem = Stema e Komunës Podujevë.svg
| blank_emblem_type  = Emblem
| pushpin_map        = Kosovo#Europe
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = [[Kosovo]]
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Shpejtim Bulliqi
| unit_pref          = Metric
| population_as_of   = 2024
| timezone           = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset         = +1
| timezone_DST       = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +2
| elevation_m        = 670
| postal_code_type   = Postal code <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code        = 11000
| area_code          = +383 38
| website            = {{url|http://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve}}
| coordinates        = {{Coord|42|54|37.79|N|21|11|28.08|E|display=inline,title}}
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024|url=https://askapi.rks-gov.net/Custom/1d268e37-5934-4bd5-bbd1-34a9965cff92.pdf|access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| area_total_km2     = 632.59
| area_urban_km2     = 9
| population_total   = 71,018
| image_caption      = View of downtown Podujevë
| population_rank    = [[List of cities and towns in Kosovo|7th in Kosovo]]
| area_rank          = [[Municipalities of Kosovo#List_of_municipalities|1st in Kosovo]]
| population_blank1_title = Ethnicity
| population_blank1  = {{ubl|98.9% [[Albanians]]|1.1% [[Demographics of Kosovo|Other]]}}
| registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plates of Kosovo|Vehicle registration]]
| registration_plate = 01
| pushpin_label      = Podujevë
| population_demonym = {{langx|sq|link=yes|Llapjan (m), Llapjane (f)}}
| total_type         = Municipality
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| subdivision_type1  = [[Districts of Kosovo|District]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[District of Pristina]]
| pushpin_relief     = 1
}}
'''Podujevë''' or '''Besianë''' ({{lang-sq-definite|Podujeva}} or ''Besiana''; {{lang-sr-Cyrl|Подујево}}) is a [[List of cities in Kosovo|city]] and [[Municipalities of Kosovo|municipality]] in the [[District of Pristina|Pristina District]] in [[Kosovo]]. Podujevë is the largest municipality of Kosovo since it covers {{convert|632.59|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}} and is located along a regional motorway and also has railroad passing through it, which links the area to surrounding regions. [[Pristina]], the capital of [[Kosovo]], is located some {{convert|23|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} to the south.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. p. 19</ref>
According to the 2024 census, the municipality has 71,018 inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024 |url=https://askapi.rks-gov.net/Custom/1d268e37-5934-4bd5-bbd1-34a9965cff92.pdf |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref> The city's population may be higher, as these figures include only the population of the cadastral area of Podujevë, but not some urban neighborhoods of the city that are outside the cadastral area.<ref>Urban map of the city [http://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2021/10/Harta-e-banimit-ne-vendbanimin-urban-Podujeve-1.pdf] Residential map in the urban settlement, according to the zonal map of the Municipality of Podujeva</ref> According to the directorate of urban planning and environmental protection, about 31,417 residents live in the urban area, while about 57,082 residents in rural areas.<ref>Residential plan of Podujeva [https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2023/02/Vendim-per-venie-ne-diskutim-publik-Propozim-Plani-Trvejcar-i-Banimit-2023-2025-1.pdf]</ref>
== History ==
=== Antiquity ===
[[Llap (region)|Llap Region]], which Podujevë is part of, was inhabited early due to favorable natural conditions. Even though many monuments documenting antiquity have disappeared, some still remain. Such documents are archeological sources such as: foundations of forts, cemeteries, tiles, weapons as well as various denominations.
The oldest inhabitants of Llapi were the [[Dardani|Dardanians]] as an [[Illyrian Tribes|Illyrian tribe]]. The first settlements were built near the rivers. Economic branches were: hunting, animal husbandry, etc. During the Roman occupation, this area suffered a lot of damage, especially the fortified parts. An important center of this time was [[Vendenis|Vendenisi]] (now [[Gllamnik|Gllamniku]]).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Brief History of Podujeva at PLANI ZHVILLIMOR KOMUNAL 2016 - 2025 |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/PZHK-Podujeve_FINAL.pdf }}</ref>[[File:Roman Mosaic Orpheus, Vendenis - Podujevë.png|left|thumb|Roman [[Orpheus mosaic]] found in the ancient locality of [[Vendenis]] (now [[Gllamnik]])]]In the year 395, this territory falls under the rule of the [[Byzantine Empire]].<ref name=":1" />
=== Middle Ages ===
Towards the end of the 9th century, the region of Llapi falls under Bulgarian rule, whose king was [[Boris I of Bulgaria|Knyaz Boris I]]. At the end of the 12th century and the beginning of the 13th century Byzantine rule weakened. The region includes many [[Medieval Serbia]]n monuments. In 1355, Emperor [[Stefan Dušan]] gave the village of Braina to [[Mount Athos]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} In 1381, [[Lazar of Serbia|Prince Lazar]] gave Orlane (a village in Podujevë) to his endowment, the [[Ravanica monastery]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Rade.|first=Mihaljčić|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/126185178|title=Izvorna vrednost stare srpske građe|date=2001|publisher=Srpska školska knjiga|isbn=86-83565-01-7|oclc=126185178}}</ref> Ruins of old Serbian monasteries and churches exist at Orlane, Murgula (destroyed in the 15th century), Palatna, Slatina, Svetlje, Rakinica, Metohija (2), Donje Ljupce (destroyed in the 15th century), Gornja Pakastica (destroyed in the 15th century), Brevnik, Braina (3) and graveyards exist in most of these villages.{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}} The village of Brevnik had a notable medieval mine, and a fort with a church.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Пројекат Растко Косово и Метохија: : The Shortened List of the Shrines of Kosovo and Metohija from 13th to 20th centuries|url=http://www.rastko.rs/kosovo/delo/11613|access-date=2022-01-30|website=www.rastko.rs}}</ref> [[Albanians]] are cited in the middle of the 14th century as miners and farmers<ref>{{Cite book|author=Malcolm, Noel|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1076655274|title=Kosovo : a short history|date=31 May 2018|publisher=Pan Books |isbn=978-1-5098-9359-1|oclc=1076655274}}</ref>{{page needed|date=July 2022}} while [[Albanian language|Albanian toponyms]] have been recorded in the area since the 15th century.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Geniş|first1=Şerife|last2=Maynard|first2=Kelly Lynne|date=July 2009|title=Formation of a Diasporic Community: The History of Migration and Resettlement of Muslim Albanians in the Black Sea Region of Turkey|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263200903009619|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|volume=45|issue=4|pages=553–569|doi=10.1080/00263200903009619|s2cid=143742189|issn=0026-3206}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Uka |first=Sabit|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1005928303|title=Gjurmë onomastike në hapësirat e ilirikut me vështrim të posaçëm në atë të Dardanisë ku ishte edhe Sanxhakut të Nishit : (libri filloi të përgaditet në vitin 2004, ndërsa në shytp u dorëzua në muajin dhjetor 2005)|oclc=1005928303}}</ref>
=== Ottoman period ===
Podujevë remained under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] Rule from 1455 to 1912.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 52-53.</ref> Podujevë was initially organized as a Nahije, and it was the largest one of Vushtrria.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 53.</ref> During the 15th to 18th centuries, Ottomans attempted to develop agriculture, farming, vineyards, beekeeping and handicrafts within the region.<ref name="autogenerated26">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 57.</ref> Mining activities were also present, especially in Bellasica,<ref name="autogenerated27">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 58.</ref> which was recognized as one of the most important mining areas in the Balkans.<ref name="autogenerated28">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 56.</ref>
In the defter of jizya in 1485, Llapi had 5,952 Christian families,<ref name="autogenerated28"/> while in 1488-1489 Llapi had 7,399 households.<ref name="autogenerated27"/> In the 18th century the Nahije of Llapi was part of Pristina's Sanjak.<ref name="autogenerated26"/> At this time, Llapi lost many residents due to two plagues that struck the place.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 58-59</ref> During the [[Austro-Ottoman war]], the Austrian army destroyed and robbed the town twice.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 59.</ref> Later, the region fought against the Ottomans.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 66.</ref> During the first Serbian Revolt, the Serbian army got into the village of Reçica and killed 30 people, including Demë Ahmeti,<ref name="autogenerated29">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 70.</ref> an Albanian national hero who is later mentioned in songs.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 71.</ref> This happened on 28 June 1811, during the feast of [[Eid al-Fitr|Eid]].<ref name="autogenerated29"/>
[[File:Vilayet of Kosovo (1867–1912).svg|thumb|Podujevë was part of the [[Vilayet of Kosovo]] during 1867–1912]]
A rebellion against the Ottomans arose when Sultan [[Abdulmejid I]] proclaimed the [[Tanzimat]] reforms in 1839,<ref name="autogenerated30">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 74.</ref> which increased taxes and brought about many rebellions in Albanian-pupulated lands.<ref name="autogenerated30"/> The population of Llapi fought against these reforms and, during 1843, the Ottomans temporarily left Llapi to organize its reoccupation.<ref name="autogenerated30"/> The rebels gathered many soldiers from the surrounding regions and they beat the Ottomans, taking [[Pristina]]<ref name="autogenerated31">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 75.</ref> and encouraging a bigger rebellion in other regions.<ref name="autogenerated31"/> The rebellion was extinguished in 1847.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 76.</ref>
When Serbia acquired the [[Sanjak of Nis]] in 1877, many Albanians were expelled from their homes in Nis and the surrounding regions, and Llapi was one of their first destinations as they sought refuge in Kosovo.<ref name="autogenerated32">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 79.</ref> There is not a single village in Podujevë where [[Muhaxhir (Albanians)|Muhaxhirs]] or migrants cannot be found.<ref name="autogenerated32"/> Furthermore, they established new villages.<ref name="autogenerated32"/>
The Albanians of Llapi, since the [[League of Prizren]], refused to pay taxes to the Ottomans.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 82.</ref> The Ottomans built a military cantonment during 1892 and 1899<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 87.</ref> as they detected Serbian Army movements near the border.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 85.</ref>
The Albanian rebellion against Ottomans during 1906 was primarily organized in the [[Llap (region)|Llapi region]].<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 89.</ref> Another Albanian rebellion was that of 1910 which also started in the Llapi region.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 91.</ref> The relationships between the residents and The [[Sublime Porte]] were becoming very strained and when Sulltan [[Mehmed V|Mehmed Reshid V]] came to visit Kosovo and very few Llapi residents were present.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 94.</ref> Llapi is also known for its cooperation with [[Isa Boletini]],<ref name="autogenerated33">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 95.</ref> who, during 1911, operated around this zone.<ref name="autogenerated33"/> Many soldiers from the villages of Llapi and Gallapi promised their loyalty to Isa Boletini in 1912, in the Bradash pledge.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 99.</ref> Their goal was to initiate the general Albanian rebellion against Ottoman Rule<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 99-100.</ref> and they were part of the rebellion until it ended.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 102.</ref>
=== 1912 until World War I ===
When the neighbouring countries formed the [[Balkan League]], Albanians felt at risk of being subjugated to these nations.<ref name="autogenerated34">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 107.</ref> Serbian forces engaged the border region where 16,000 Albanians were placed.<ref name="autogenerated34"/> The largest battle was fought in Merdare and lasted three days,<ref name="autogenerated35">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 108.</ref> where the Serbian army had up to 70.000 soldiers.<ref name="autogenerated35"/>  Soon they took Merdare and the war continued in other fronts.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 109.</ref> From that time on, the region remained under Serbian control.<ref name="autogenerated36">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 111.</ref> Llapi remained a region of [[Pristina]].<ref name="autogenerated36"/> In 1913, Llapi numbered 27,081 residents, while 10 years beforehand, 38,520 residents were present.<ref name="autogenerated36"/> On 20 August 1914, Serbia announced a decree in which the colonisation of its newly acquired territories was planned.<ref name="autogenerated37">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 112.</ref> This, and the process of disarmament of the local population, were key factors to the rise of the Kaçak guerilla movement.<ref name="autogenerated37"/>
=== World War I and World War II ===
During the [[First World War]], most of the Serbian army, led by the Serbian king [[Peter I of Serbia|Peter I]], retreated through the Llapi region. During the retreat, war crimes (including robbing, killing and destruction of property) took place.<ref name="autogenerated38">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 114.</ref> Llapi was later taken by Bulgaria, which, from time to time, organized grain and cattle requisition.<ref name="autogenerated38"/> Starting from 1916, any people were deported and sent to work in different countries, most of them never returning.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 114-115.</ref> After the Bulgarian surrender, Bulgarian soldiers killed a lot of people and robbed many places during their retreat.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 116.</ref> Albanians would later form their own military formations for a short period of two months.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 116-117.</ref>
The region fell to Yugoslavian Kingdom.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 117.</ref> In the beginning, the Llapi region had 12 municipalities with 27.084 residents.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 118</ref> Later, the number of municipalities was reduced.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 119.</ref> From 1929 to 1941, Podujevë was part of the [[Morava Banovina]] of the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]; between the two World Wars, Albanians living in the region had no political rights.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 120.</ref> They were poor and heavily taxed, and corruption was evident in the administration. The main problem, however, was colonization, which Yugoslavia claimed to be agricultural reforms.<ref name="autogenerated39">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 121.</ref> The Albanian language was not used at all in public administration and schools,<ref name="autogenerated39"/> Many residents were forced to migrate to Turkey, while their land was given to Serbian and Montenegrin colonists<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 122.</ref> who would eventually take 62% of infields.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 123.</ref> Even mosques were controlled by the state.<ref name="autogenerated40">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 124.</ref>
Armed resistance was mostly pushed by Kaçak movements<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 125.</ref> since it was impossible to organize large groups of people.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 147.</ref> They managed to expel the Serbian colonists,<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 128.</ref> but the consequences were far greater, as in the beginning of 1921 many massacres against the Albanian population would occur.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 129.</ref> In Sharban, 35 people were killed and 28 houses were burned. In Bellopoja, 40 people were killed and 57 houses were damaged.<ref name="autogenerated41">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 130.</ref> In Keqekolla, 490 people were killed and 40 houses were burned.<ref name="autogenerated41"/> In Prapashtica, 1011 people were killed and 80 houses were burned,<ref name="autogenerated42">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 131.</ref> in Nishevc, 150 heads of cattle were robbed.<ref name="autogenerated42"/> In Orllan, 14 people were killed, in Kushevica over 12 people were killed, in [[Repë]] over 12 people were killed, and in [[Popovë]] 573 people were killed and 55 houses were burned.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 131-132.</ref> In Velikoreka, 2 houses were burned,<ref name="autogenerated43">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 132.</ref> while in Gerdoc 27 people were killed and 2 houses were burned.<ref name="autogenerated43"/> In Lupç, 11 people were killed, and in Lepaja, 5 houses were burned.<ref name="autogenerated43"/> Justin Godard, at the Paris Peace Conference defended “the rights of life for the Albanian population.”.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 132-133.</ref>
From 1912 to 1918, around 8,000 Albanians were forced to leave their lands to migrate to Turkey, while during 1920–1924,280 Albanian families were also forced to leave.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 136-138.</ref> In contrast, 420 Slavic families were settled in the territory between 1920 and 1928,<ref name="autogenerated44">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 141.</ref>
and by 1932, 3,474ha of land were given to colonists and 756 houses were built.<ref name="autogenerated44"/>
[[File:Kosova në Luftën e Dytë Botërore.jpg|thumb|[[Kosovo during World War II]] was split in three occupational zones: Bulgarian, Italian and German. Podujevë was part of the German occupation zone]]
During World War II, Llapi was taken by the German army.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 149.</ref> The residents of Llapi did not submit to Serbian conscription and fled to the mountains.<ref name="autogenerated45">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 151.</ref> Germany captured Podujevë with an army including two tanks.<ref name="autogenerated45" /> Under the German administration, this region was called Llapi's nenprefektura.<ref name="autogenerated45" />
Albanians requested that the authorities unify Albanian-inhabited regions under one administration, but this did not occur.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 154.</ref> During that time, all of Llapi had 42,942 residents.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 159.</ref> At the end of World War II, Serbia, Germany and Bulgaria were struggling for control of the town.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 186.</ref> There were greater numbers of military troops around Podujevë than there were residents.<ref name="autogenerated46">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 187.</ref> The residents later fled to Pristina in a 5&nbsp;km convoy during October 1944.<ref name="autogenerated46" /> Earlier, the Germans gave Jahja Fusha authority of the town.<ref name="autogenerated46" /> 5,000 Albanian soldiers fought to protect the town against Serbians and Bulgarians alike.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 188.</ref> The fighting ended on 8 November 1944, after a long battle.<ref name="autogenerated47">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 189.</ref> The residents were required to come back to the town, and afterwards, some 500 men were killed without trial.<ref name="autogenerated47" />  10 places are recorded to be mass graveyards.<ref name="autogenerated47" /> Starting from December 1994, Albanians were conscripted and sent to fight in other part of Yugoslavia.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 190.</ref>[[File:Poduevo 1944.jpg|thumb|Bulgarian armored brigade in November 1944 in Podujevë, during the [[Kosovo Operation (1944)|Kosovo Operation]]]]
=== Serbian Rule ===
{{POV|date=January 2022}}
{{Verifiability|date=January 2022}}
After [[World War II]], the Llapi region was under Serbian Rule.<ref name="autogenerated47"/> Serbian administration collected 11,297,067 dinars under the guise of it being a punishment for the illegal enrichment of some locals.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 201.</ref>
During 1950–1955, the Yugoslav authorities founded many directorates.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 202.</ref> When the constitution of 1963 was approved, the municipalities were in a better situation.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 205.</ref> In 1966, Podujevë had 58,604 citizens.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 206.</ref> These improvements were ruined by Serbian authorities in 1990.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 207.</ref> Prior to this, Yugoslavia's five-year plan of 1981-1985 did not offer a viable solution to the economic problems of the region's residents.<ref name="autogenerated48">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 237.</ref>
During 1981–1991, 51 ethnic Albanian soldiers were wrongfully murdered during their service in the Yugoslavian army.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 347.</ref> In 1981, demonstrations were organized in Pristina, which was later followed by massive demonstrations all around Kosovo.<ref name="autogenerated48"/> The town of Podujevë was locked down at this time, except for the Medical Center.<ref name="autogenerated48"/> The route near the border was blocked, and so was the route to Pristina.<ref name="autogenerated48"/> Some local police were shot while driving tanks.<ref name="autogenerated49">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 238.</ref> Thousands of people were imprisoned.<ref name="autogenerated49"/>
Under Serbian control, Albanians were organized into several political parties such as “NDSh”, or Albanian National Democratic Party,<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 245.</ref> the Albanian Youth National Democratic Committee,<ref name="autogenerated50">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 257.</ref> The Albanian League<ref name="autogenerated50"/> and others. Demonstrations were organized in March 1989 and 1990.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 337.</ref> During this period, many workers were fired from their jobs and funding for educational institutions was halted.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 338.</ref> This continued for a while, but Albanians had organized private funds themselves so that the education process would not stop.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 309.</ref> During 1989–1997, 22 people were killed in the region.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 348-349.</ref> These actions motivated the Albanian populations to resolve their societal disputes. During 1990–1992, 114 bloodfeud issues and 60 other disputes were resolved.<ref>Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 370.</ref>
In the 20th of March 1990, Podujevë was the site of the first affected school from the [[Kosovo student poisoning|student poisoning attack]] that took place in Kosovo. Around 8,000 students were poisoned from this incident.<ref name="rilindja">{{cite news |last=Salihu |first=J. |date=1991-03-21 |title=U helmuan disa nxenes shqiptare |newspaper=Rilindja}}</ref>
One of the founders and the first commanders of the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]], [[Zahir Pajaziti]], was born in Podujevë. He and his associates began the first actions against Serbian police, before he was caught in an [[ Pestovë ambush|ambush]] near the village of [[Pestovë]], resulting in his death.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Qeriqi |first=Zamir |date=2023-01-31 |title=Zahir Qerim Pajaziti (1.11.1962 – 31.1.1997) |url=https://www.radiokosovaelire.com/zahir-qerim-pajaziti-1-11-1962-31-1-1997/ |access-date=2023-06-22 |website=Radio Kosova e Lirë |language=en-US}}</ref>
==== Kosovo War ====
During the [[Kosovo War]] (February 1998 – June 1999), the town was the site of the [[Podujevo massacre|Podujevë massacre]], on March 28, in which 14 Kosovo [[Albanians|Albanian]] women and children were executed by Serbian paramilitary forces. Serbian forces reportedly were continuing to burn villages east and southeast of this town as of April 5. Serbian forces allegedly executed 200 Kosovar Albanian men of military age. In addition, Serbian forces reportedly removed ethnic Albanians from their cars and shot them on the spot. Ninety percent of the buildings in the town reportedly have been burned. On April 19, Serbian forces allegedly used ethnic Albanians as [[Human shield|human shields]] along the road between Podujevë and Pristina.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kxm45gC5-5MC |title=Erasing History: Ethnic Cleansing in Kosovo |date=1999 |publisher=Department of State |isbn=978-0-16-050065-7 |language=en}}</ref>
The city was part of the subdivision of [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA), called ''ZOLL'' ({{Langx|sq|Zona Operative e Llapit|lit=Operational area of Llapi}}). This city became a battleground during the conflict, in which the [[Battle of Podujevo|Battle of Podujevë]] was fought. The battle ended in a [[ceasefire]] called on by foreign forces.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rama |first=Arton |date=2020-12-24 |title=22 vjet nga beteja e Tabeve të Llapashticës, betejë në të cilën ranë heroikisht 10 dëshmorë të Llapit |url=https://www.llapi.info/22-vjet-nga-beteja-e-tabeve-te-llapashtices-beteje-ne-te-cilen-rane-heroikisht-10-deshmore-te-llapit/ |access-date=2024-04-16 |website=Llapi.info |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bbc">{{cite web |date=1998-12-21 |title=Europe: Serb policeman killed in Kosovo |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/239779.stm |access-date=2012-01-30 |work=BBC News}}</ref>
The road coming into Podujevë from the city of [[Niš]]<ref>{{cite web| publisher=AZ Daily Sun| url=http://azdailysun.com/seven-killed-severely-injured-in-kosovo-bus-explosion/article_12ba13ff-0160-5657-a02b-9937b53377ec.html| title= Seven killed, 10 severely injured in Kosovo bus explosion| date= 12 February 2001| access-date= 23 April 2013}}</ref> was the site of the 2001 [[Podujevo bus bombing|Podujevë bus bombing]], in which a bus carrying Serb pilgrims traveling to the [[Gračanica monastery]] site was bombed. Twelve Serb pilgrims were killed and dozens more were injured by the bomb-blast.<ref>{{cite web| publisher=B92| url= http://www.b92.net/eng/news/crimes-article.php?yyyy=2013&mm=02&dd=16&nav_id=84729| title= 12th anniversary of terrorist attack on bus carrying Serbs| date= 12 February 2013| access-date=23 April 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140305060423/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/crimes-article.php?yyyy=2013&mm=02&dd=16&nav_id=84729| archive-date=2014-03-05}}</ref> [[Albanians in Kosovo|Kosovo Albanian]] extremists have been blamed for the attack.<ref>{{cite news| publisher=BBC| url= http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/16/newsid_4145000/4145607.stm| title= 2001: Serbs killed in Kosovo pilgrimage| access-date=23 April 2013| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023144847/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/16/newsid_4145000/4145607.stm| archive-date=2012-10-23}}</ref>
After the [[Kosovo War]], the process of establishing a Municipal Assembly began in 2002.<ref name="autogenerated51">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Podujevo |url=http://www.osce.org/kosovo/13126 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005012541/http://www.osce.org/kosovo/13126 |archive-date=2013-10-05 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref> Later, on 17 February 2008, Kosovo declared its independence.<ref name="state1">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Kosovo |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/kosovo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140115031350/http://history.state.gov/countries/kosovo |archive-date=2014-01-15 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
== Geography ==
Podujevë is located in the northeastern part of [[Kosovo]] and it is closely connected to the surrounding regions through a network of regional motorways and railways. Just 31 kilometers (19 miles) to the south lies [[Pristina]], the capital of Kosovo. To the west, Podujevë shares its borders with [[Obiliq]], [[Vushtrri]], [[Mitrovica, Kosovo|Mitrovica]] and [[Leposavić|Leposaviq]], while its northern and eastern borders share a border with Serbia.
Podujevë consists of Llapi's Hollow and the Albanik mountains in the west, and eastern Kosovo's mountains in the east.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 19.</ref> Llapi's valley is placed between the village of Repa and that of Barileva with a 35&nbsp;km distance and between [[Batllavë]] and [[Llapashticë e Epërme]] with 12–15&nbsp;km.<ref name="autogenerated2004">Agjencia e Kosovës për Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit, Instituti për Mbrojtjen e Natyrës së Kosovës (August 2004): "Raport nga Rekognosimi i Terrenit në Territorin e Komunës së Podujevës", "Bill Clinton" st., Pristina. Page 7.</ref> Llapi's jaw is located between [[Repë]] and [[Murgull]] (14&nbsp;km) and from Bellasica to Uglar's Cape (14&nbsp;km).<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Strategjia e Zhvillimit Ekonomik Lokal 2011-2014". Pristina. Page 12.</ref> Gallapi is placed between Batllavë and [[Metergoc]] in latitude and from [[Turuçicë]] to Koliq in longitude.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Strategjia e Zhvillimit Ekonomik Lokal 2011-2014". Pristina. Page 13.</ref>
Highest point of Podujevë is {{convert|1779|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} located in the [[Kopaonik|Kopaonik Mountains]], while the lowest is {{convert|550|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, and is located where the [[Llapi River]] leaves Podujevë's border to continue in Pristina's municipality. Since its territory is compact, it represents a microgeographical entirety.<ref name="autogenerated2004" />
=== Hydrology ===
Podujevë counts several [[ravines]], water springs and rivers.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina.  Page 23.</ref> The most notable river is [[Llapi River|Llapi]], the main branch of [[Sitnica]], which runs through the middle of Podujevë, springing from the Albanik mountains.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. p. 23.</ref> The source of [[Llapi River|Llapi]] considered to be the [[Pollatë]] village where the rivers of [[Murgulla]] and [[Sllatinë]] are joined.<ref name="autogenerated3">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 92.</ref> In the upper part of it, the river runs through steep places but when it enter Llap's hollow, its speed is moderated.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> [[Llapi River|Llapi river]] is {{convert|82.7|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long up to [[Sitnica]] river<ref name="autogenerated3"/> while most of the river passes through Podujevë's territory, in a {{convert|61|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} length.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> This river is wide from 9 to 12&nbsp;meters<ref name="autogenerated3"/> and deep up to 1.2&nbsp;meters.<ref name="autogenerated3"/> The river brings an average of {{convert|4.9|m3|cuft|0|abbr=on}} per second,<ref name="autogenerated4">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 93.</ref> however, there are considerable variations with the maximum going up to {{convert|25|m3|cuft|0|abbr=on}} per second.<ref name="autogenerated4"/>
[[File:Llapi River Winter.jpg|thumb|[[Llapi River|Llapi]] is the river that flows through the city and it has a total length of {{Convert|72|km|abbr=on}}]]
There are other rivers also. Dumnica river is {{convert|25.5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long and fills 87&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and it is used for irrigating. Kaqanolli river is Llapi's most important right branch and it is {{convert|32.5|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} long, filling 193.6&nbsp;km2. The Batllava River fills 315&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> and it also flows into [[Llapi River|Llapi]].<ref name="autogenerated4"/>
In 1965 a dam {{convert|40.5|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high was built in order to form an artificial lake — [[Batllava Lake]], which can handle up to 40 million m<sup>3</sup> of water and was primary built for [[Kosovo Energy Corporation|KEK]] needs, to be used later for consuming purposes.<ref name="autogenerated4" />
=== Climate ===
Podujevë has a medium [[continental climate]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Plani Zhvillimor i Komunës së Podujevës |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/PZHK-Podujeve_FINAL.pdf}}</ref> The climate is influenced by microclimatic factors that give some small specifics to this space. Among the microclimatic factors, the most important are the Llapi field and the mountains that surround it from all sides. The effect of mountains is that they have more precipitation, lower temperatures, snow stays longer, are covered with forests, etc.<ref name=":2" /> So, Podujevë is somewhat colder than in other cities of [[Kosovo]].<ref>Agjencia e Kosovës për Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit, Instituti për Mbrojtjen e Natyrës së Kosovës (August 2004): "Raport nga Rekognosimi i Terrenit në Territorin e Komunës së Podujevës", "Bill Clinton" st., Pristina. Page 9.</ref> The average temperature in Podujevë is 9.6 ̊C.<ref name="autogenerated5">Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 20.</ref> The amplitude is 64.2 ̊C.<ref name="autogenerated5"/>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Month
! Coldest/warmest month
! Lowest/highest temperature
|-
| January
| -2.1 ̊C
| -27.2 ̊C
|-
| August
| 20.1 ̊C
| 37.0 ̊C
|}
The annual rate of precipitation is lower than that of [[Kosovo]] ({{convert|784|mm|2|abbr=on}}) with {{convert|697|mm|2|abbr=on}} of raining per year. The most humid month is May with {{convert|77.5|mm|2|abbr=on}} and the driest month is March with {{convert|42.3|mm|2|abbr=on}}. The average snow fall days are 26 while days with snow mantle are 48.4. The maximum layer of snow is recorded to be {{convert|96|cm|in|abbr=on}}, while the month with a maximum of snow mantle days is February with 11.7 days. The length of the day in Podujevë varies significantly over the course of the year. In 2022, the shortest day is December 21, with 9 hours, 1 minute of daylight; the longest day is June 21, with 15 hours, 21 minutes of daylight.<ref name="autogenerated5" />
=== Flora and Fauna ===
Podujevë counts 29,050&nbsp;acres of forests most of which are located in the western and northern part of its territory. 17,600&nbsp;ha are under state control and the rest (11,450) are under private control. Since the woods remain the main warming option of Kosovars, degradation and wood cuts remain a challenge. The trees which are found in this zone include: beech ([[fagus sylvatica]]), hornbeam ([[carpinus orientalis]]) and ash-tree. In [[alluvial]] lands osier and poplar may be found but other trees are found also. There may be found bushes such as cornel bush ([[Cornus mas|Cornus Mas]]), haw ([[crataegus monogyna]]), canker-rose ([[rosa canina]]), elder ([[Sambucus nigra|sambocus nigra]]), gooseberry ([[Prunus spinosa|prunus spicosa]]), hazelnut ([[corylus avellana]]) etc.<ref name="autogenerated6">Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 21.</ref><ref>Agjencia e Kosovës për Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit, Instituti për Mbrojtjen e Natyrës së Kosovës (August 2004): "Raport nga Rekognosimi i Terrenit në Territorin e Komunës së Podujevës", "Bill Clinton" st., Pristina. Page 10.</ref><ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 87.-</ref>
Fauna has many species that are not only characteristic of these areas. In the forests live: [[Wolf|gray wolf]], [[wild boar]], [[fox]], [[European hare]], [[European hedgehog]], etc. Recently, not only in this area, the roe deer has started to appear, which was once quite widespread.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Plani Zhvillimor i Komunës së Podujevës, Page 83 |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/PZHK-Podujeve_FINAL.pdf}}</ref> There are many species of birds such as the [[great tit]], the [[rock dove]], the [[great spotted woodpecker]], the [[Eurasian magpie]], the [[common cuckoo]], etc. [[Bird of prey|Birds of prey]] that live are the [[golden eagle]] and the [[common kestrel]]. And some of the migratory birds are [[Swallow|swallows]], [[Stork|storks]] etc.<ref name=":3" />
The grass snake ([[Grass snake|natrix natrix]]), horned viper ([[vipera ammodytes]]), boletus ([[Grass snake|tropidonatus natrix]]), vineyard snail ([[helix pomatia]]), common turtle ([[Testudo hermanni hermanni|testudo hermanni]]) live in the rivers. There are several types of fish, in the [[Llapi River]] also, in the upper part it was once quite rich with brook trout ([[Common barbel|barbus barbus]]) that lives in fast and cold waters, stream catfish, bream, mullet, bream, carp ([[Eurasian carp|cyprinus carpio]]), northern pike ([[Northern pike|esox lucius]]) etc.<ref name=":3" />
=== Natural Monuments ===
In Podujevë, there are a number of natural monuments which were recognized as valuable resources.{{by whom|date=August 2014}} The list includes:<ref>Agjencia e Kosovës për Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit, Instituti për Mbrojtjen e Natyrës së Kosovës (August 2004): "Raport nga Rekognosimi i Terrenit në Territorin e Komunës së Podujevës", "Bill Clinton" st., Pristina. Page 15-72.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Object !! Locality !! Type
|-
| Kaqanolli's Jaw || Kaqanoll || Locality of special interest
|-
| "Ushton Reka" || [[Popovë]]|| Locality of special interest
|-
| Batllava Lake|| [[Batllavë]]|| Locality of special interest
|-
| Vrella || [[Dobratin]]|| Water resources
|-
| Water Resource || Kalatica || Water resources
|-
| Populus sp || [[Murgull]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Juglans regia || [[Murgull]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Fagus || Dobratin || Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || [[Obrançë]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || [[Llapashticë e Epërme]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || Llapashticë e Epërme  || Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || [[Livadicë]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Populus sp. || [[Orllan]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || [[Kunushec]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || [[Lluzhan]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || [[Dyz]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Populus sp. || [[Gërdoc]]|| Botanic Monument
|-
| Quercus sp. || [[Halabak]]|| Botanic Monument
|}
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|title=Municipal historical population
| percentages = pagr
|1948|41834 |1953|46317 |1961|51516 |1971|60349 |1981|75437 |1991|92946 |2011|88499 |2016<br>{{small|est.}}|83425
|source = [http://pop-stat.mashke.org/kosovo-division.htm Division of Kosovo]
}}
[[File:Albanians in Besiana Kosova Independence 2022.jpg|thumb|[[Albanians]] in Podujevë celebrating [[Kosovo Independence Day|Kosovo's Independence Day]] (2022)|left]]
Podujevë has 77 settlements comprising 88,499 inhabitants. According to the 2011 census, the urban population is estimated to consist of 23,453 citizens. The rural population lives in 77 villages with a total number of 65,046 residents.<ref name="autogenerated52">Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}. Page 10.</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Popullsia sipas gjinisë, etnicitetit dhe vendbanimit, 2011 |url=https://ask.rks-gov.net/media/1613/popullsia-sipas-gjinis%C3%AB-etnicitetit-dhe-vendbanimit.pdf |website=Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës |publisher=ASK |access-date=2022-06-25 |archive-date=2022-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303192426/https://ask.rks-gov.net/media/1613/popullsia-sipas-gjinis%C3%AB-etnicitetit-dhe-vendbanimit.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:Xhamia Met Podujeva.jpg|thumb|[[Met Podujeva Mosque|Met Podujevë Mosque]] is one of the mosques located in the city]]
From the overall population, [[Albanians]] are 87,523, [[Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians|Ashkali]] 680, Roma 75, [[Bosniaks]] 33, Serbs 12, Turks 5, Egyptians 2 and 43 are not specified.<ref name="autogenerated51" /> Albanians constitute 98.9% of the population and the remaining 1.1% are other minorities. 98% of residents are [[Muslims|Muslim]].<ref>Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}. Page 38.</ref>
The highest population density is in the city of Podujevë, where an average of 2,635 inhabitants live in one km². There are also several other settlements with high density such as: [[Letanc]] (660/km²), [[Obrançë]] (529/km²), [[Surkish]] (500/km²), [[Llugë]] (444/km²), [[Gllamnik]] (405/km²) etc. The settlements with the lowest population density are: [[Rakinicë]] (3/km²), [[Murgull]], [[Bllatë]] and [[Tërnavicë]] (4/km²), [[Metergoc]] (5/km²), etc., while [[Muhazob]], [[Përpellac]] and [[Reçicë]] are not populated.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Plani Zhvillimor i Komunës së Podujevës 2016 - 2025 |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/PZHK-Podujeve_FINAL.pdf }}</ref>
The town has a low ratio of internal migration but a high rate of commuting.<ref>Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}. Pages 22-23.</ref> The illiteracy rate is lower than 5%.<ref>Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}. Page 46.</ref> The average years of schooling is 9.0 to 9.2.<ref>Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}. Page 48.</ref> The labor force is smaller than 40.1%, with an employment rate of 20.1% and unemployment rate of between 45 and 51%.<ref>Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}. Pages 49-51.</ref> The average size of the households is between 6 and 7%.<ref>Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}. Page 58.</ref>
== Economy ==
The biggest expansion on the economy of Podujevë occurred during the 1980s. At that time, there were 16 social organizations that have developed their economic activities, with altogether 2,500 employees. The beginning of the 1990s is characterized with a growing of private businesses, in particular in trade and services. During the war of 1999 all of these businesses were destroyed by Serbian military forces, so the period of renewal was long and difficult. After the [[Kosovo War|Kosovo war]], the private sector was the main bearer of economical development with a continual growth. According to the Businesses Office, there are around 3,972 registered businesses, mostly in trade section.<ref name="autogenerated55">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Strategjia e Zhvillimit Ekonomik Lokal 2011-2014". Pristina. Page 22.</ref>
=== Agriculture ===
Podujevë is mostly a rural area. Podujevë has extraordinary resources regarding the agriculture field, since there are sufficient lands and water. Historically, the agriculture was cultivated only for family needs, as it has been considered as a secondary sector, but recently it has begun to be used also for other needs and requests, which could be beneficial and profitable.<ref name="autogenerated56">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Strategjia e Zhvillimit Ekonomik Lokal 2011-2014". Pristina. Page 25.</ref>
Other relevant sectors which belong to the agriculture, are: farming, beekeeping, poultry, vegetable, arboriculture, land cultivation, and so forth.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Strategjia e Zhvillimit Ekonomik Lokal 2011-2014". Pristina. Page 26.</ref> Podujevë is especially known for cultivating raspberries, as the climate is perfect for its growth.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Raspberries in Kosovo |url=https://scholarworks.uark.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3556&context=etd |journal=University of Arkansas, Fayetteville}}</ref> About 56% is arable land used for agriculture. Pastures make up 16% of the agricultural land and the rest is used for vegetables, orchards, vineyards, etc.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Plani Zhvillimor i Komunës së Podujevës 2016 - 2025 |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/PZHK-Podujeve_FINAL.pdf}}</ref>
=== Mining ===
From the most common minerals extracted for industrial usage are silicates (Si), carbonates (Ch), gravel (Gs), clay (Cl), nickel (Nl), lead (Pb) zinc (Zn) and aluminum (Al).<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 122.</ref> There is no clear data regarding to the quantity of these reserves.* There are two companies who use surface mineral resources, one in Murgulla and the other one in Turuqica.<ref name="autogenerated6"/>
=== Industry ===
After the 1999, the development of the secondary sector or industry is accompanied with the development of small and medium enterprises in the production field. Currently, the industry plays an important role in the economical development of Podujevë. There are 116 industrial buildings with 290 employees. Former public enterprises have been privatized. Some of the most important enterprises include: Construction Armory Factory “FAN”, Brick Factory “Euro Block”, Recycling Enterprise “Plastika”, Factory for processing mushrooms “Agro-Product”, Factory for production of juices “Dona”, Factory for production of juices and vegetable oil “Pajtimi Company”, etc.<ref name="autogenerated57">Komuna e Podujevës (2011): “Plani Zhvillimor Urban (2011-2021)”, Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 44.</ref><ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page24.</ref><ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 24.</ref>
[[File:Iron factory- Podujeva.jpg|thumb|A factory that produces [[Rebar|reinforcing bars]] is one of the factories located in Podujevë]]
=== Trade ===
Trade take an important place in all businesses from the percentage of participation of enterprises and employees with 53%. Considering some strategic elements, as nearness of the urban center [[Pristina]], streets with national character, and the others advantages have made the trade sector dominant in the last 10 years.<ref name="autogenerated58">Komuna e Podujevës (2011): “Plani Zhvillimor Urban (2011-2021)”, Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 42.</ref> In Podujevë, there are 3,972 businesses registered, and in total 6,726 employees.<ref name="autogenerated55" />
=== Tourism ===
Podujevë has its potentials concerning the tourism. It is characterized by many and various potentials for development of weekend and rural tourism as well. The geomorphology of Podujevë territory is quite rich. Two massive mountains, such as Albaniku and [[Gollak|Gollaku mountains]] are located in Podujevë. Moreover, the Llapi Valley together with the [[Llapi River]], and [[Batllava Lake]] provide incontestable values regarding the tourism.<ref name="autogenerated67">Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 27.</ref>
{{Multiple image
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One of the tourist places is Batllava Lake.<ref name="autogenerated67" /> During the summer season this lake attracts thousand of visitors around Kosovo, who come to spend holidays in spaces, as beaches are offered there.<ref name="autogenerated67" /> Batllava has six beaches in good condition.<ref name="autogenerated68">Komuna e Podujevës: “Zhvillimi, përmirësimi dhe promovimi I turizmit në Liqenin e Batllavës”. Fotostudio NIKON, Podujevë. Page 8.</ref> These beaches offer spaces for familiar relaxation, which provide the visitors with sandy football and volleyball grounds, and also playgrounds for children.<ref name="autogenerated68" /> Parkings, floors, umbrellas, sunshades, boats and seats are available around the lake.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës: “Zhvillimi, përmirësimi dhe promovimi I turizmit në Liqenin e Batllavës”. Fotostudio NIKON, Podujevë. Page 5.</ref> Other important values which can be found in Podujevë are cultural heritage monuments, created in certain historic periods. The most outstanding monument is the fortress of the national martyr and hero [[Zahir Pajaziti]], called Kulla of Zahir Pajaziti.<ref name="autogenerated69">Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 28.</ref>[[File:Kulla e Zahir Pajazitit2.jpg|thumb|[[Tower houses in the Balkans|Kulla]] of the [[Kosovo Liberation Army|KLA]] commander, [[Zahir Pajaziti]]]] Among architectural and cultural monuments of local and national importance are also: Two towers in [[Hertica]], the one of Sali Aga and Ajet Muçolli, Complex in [[Reçicë|Reçica]], the Monument of Tabet Llapashtica, House Museum of the national martyr Hasan Ramadani, and the Tower of Demë Ahmeti. According to the Institute for Protection of the Monuments of Kosovo, the number of monuments in Podujevë is around 60.<ref name="autogenerated70">Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 36.</ref>
== Education ==
Podujevë manages 68 educational objects, including 41 schools. There is only one Daycare Center namely "DRITA", 37 primary schools and 3 high schools. 27 settlements do not have a school at all. There are 1271 people working in the educational system, while the number of students is 20,905 which means that there is a teacher for every 16.44 students.<ref name="autogenerated71">[https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2020/11/PZHK-Podujeve_FINAL.pdf PZHK Podujevo] kk.rks-gov.net</ref>
[[File:Sh.F.M.U Zahir Pajaziti.jpg|thumb|right|alt=The school of Orllan. |The "Zahir Pajaziti" primary school in [[Orllan]], near [[Batllava Lake]]]]
The condition of the schools is not in the good state since 14 school are in a poor position, while 24 schools need some of basic investments.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 35.</ref> Seven schools work in three tours while the rest work into or one tour.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 36.</ref> Is worth mentioning that there is a school in [[Gllamnik]] named "Kongresi i Manastirit", which offers a special class for people with disabilities which has 27 students and 2 teachers.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 40.</ref>
== Culture ==
{{Overly detailed|section|details=|date=July 2022}}
Podujevë's residents have shown a high interest to contribute for culture, although they did not have the proper conditions to participate.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page35.</ref>{{clarify|date=July 2022}} In fact, the requirements for fulfillment of various cultural and art projects are higher in comparison with the conditions offered by the Management of Culture, Youth and Sport. The lack of space and adequate infrastructure have impacted the development of cultural life.<ref name="autogenerated74">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Strategjia e Zhvillimit Ekonomik Lokal 2011-2014". Pristina. Pages 18-19.</ref>
[[File:Podujeva Teatri.jpg|thumb|The “Avdush Hasani” theater]]
A number of organizations and artistic associations focused on drama, comedy, sporting competitions and other cultural activities are located in Podujevë. These activities are organized in the city theater, sport hall with only 800 seats, city stadium, and city library, though there is insufficient space. The city theater has been the most common place of several cultural activities and exhibitions, which has become popular in Podujevë and elsewhere. It was established in 1994. To date, it is the city's most successful artistic institution with major events taking place throughout the year.<ref name="autogenerated74"/><ref name="autogenerated75">Komuna e Podujevës (2011): “Plani Zhvillimor Urban (2011-2021)”, Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 31.</ref>
The dancing ensemble called “The Downtown Dancers”, founded in 2002, are an important part of the cultural life in Podujevë.<ref name="autogenerated74"/> The group performs traditional folk dances and modern dances.<ref name="autogenerated74"/> The ensemble has performed internationally along with some folk festivals in Kosovo, and has 50 members.<ref name="autogenerated74"/>
[[File:Biblioteka e qytetit - Besianë.jpg|thumb|City's [[library]] is located in the main square ]]
Prior to 1999, the municipality of Podujevë had a total of 14 public libraries with 143,067 books. During the war period of 1999, 10 libraries were burned by Serb forces, including the city library which contained 124,977 books. After 1999, the municipality had only three libraries with around 18,090 books, though not in good condition. The fund of these copies{{clarify|date=July 2022}} are mainly in the Albanian language, and a small part consists in the English and German language. Besides the city library, there are two other libraries, one located in Orllan, whereas the other one is in Lluzhan.<ref name="autogenerated76">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 54.</ref>
There are no local newspapers published in Podujevë. However, there are two radio stations, both of which were founded in 2000. These local radio stations are "Vision Radio" and "Llapi Radio".<ref name="autogenerated77">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Podujevo |url=http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/225_tmpphpBYADDk.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303175019/http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/225_tmpphpBYADDk.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-03 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
=== Cultural-Artistic Society “Josip Rela” ===
The Cultural-Artistic Society “Josip Rela” is a main contributor to the culture of Podujevë. This dancing association was founded in 1966 and has represented Podujevë in different competitions. Its first initiator for the forming of this dramatic group was Bislim Aliu. Some of the famous members of the group were Dr. Abdullah Vokrri, Dr. Rifat Blaku, Mr. Bislim Aliu, Skënder Hyseni, along with others. “Josip Rela” has won a considerable number of prizes.<ref name="rks-gov1">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=SHKA "Josip Rela" e Podujevës e festoi 45 vjetorin e themelimit |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/News/SHKA--Josip-Rela%E2%80%9D-e-Podujeves-e-festoi-45-vjetorin.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306023629/https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/News/SHKA--Josip-Rela%E2%80%9D-e-Podujeves-e-festoi-45-vjetorin.aspx |archive-date=2014-03-06 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
=== Festivals ===
==== “Teatri Ndryshe” ====
The culture of Podujevë is also characterized through different festivals. One of these festivals is the "Teatri Ndryshe" International Festival. This festival was launched in 2009 and takes place during the summer. It is organized by the Management of Culture, Youth and Sport in Podujevë. Various theatrical groups from [[Kosovo]], [[Albania]], [[Romania]], [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and other regional countries participate in this festival with their performances. "Teatri Ndryshe" usually is organized in the city theater and city square.<ref name="autogenerated78">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Në Podujevë filloi festivali "Teatri Ndryshe" |url=http://www.koha.net/arkiva/?page=1,5,153583 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140303183454/http://www.koha.net/arkiva/?page=1,5,153583 |archive-date=2014-03-03 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
==== Festival of Literature ====
Another popular and well-known festival not only in Podujevë, but in Kosovo as well, is the international Festival of Literature in [[Orllan]]. The Literature Festival was established in 2011 by [[Batllava Lake]], in order to unite various Kosovar artists, writers, musicians, and other artists from regional countries. Writers from the [[UK]], [[Cyprus]], [[Japan]] and [[Syria]] also take part in the daily sessions. The festival also offers live music performances.<ref name="flo-ks28">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Festival of Literature in Orllan, Kosovo, 28–30 August 2013 |url=http://www.flo-ks.org/?p=28 |access-date=3 March 2014}}{{Dead link|date=November 2023|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref>
=== Sports ===
Podujevë is known for its sporting tradition. Athletes from Podujevë have gone on to play for Kosovar teams as well as international clubs. In the early 1930s [[horse racing]] was a popular sport. Horse racing competitions were held under the patronage of the Fusha family. Jahja Fusha, the-then mayor of the municipality was regarded as a formidable athlete.<ref name="rks-gov2">{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Komuna e Podujevës shquhet me traditë sportive |url=http://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/City-guide/Sport.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306023648/http://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/City-guide/Sport.aspx |archive-date=2014-03-06 |access-date=3 March 2014}}</ref>
The first football team was founded in 1928, and was named "Sloga". However, its existence was brief as it folded in 1931.<ref name="autogenerated79">Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina. Page 323.</ref>
[[KF Llapi|FC Llapi]] is the oldest football club in Podujevë and it was founded in 1932 as a member of the [[Niš Football Subassociation]].<ref name="autogenerated79" /> Its prominent footballers included [[Fadil Vokrri]] among others. In 2014, KF Llapi became a part of the [[Football Superleague of Kosovo]].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
There are two major football stadiums in Podujevë. [[Zahir Pajaziti Stadium]], that hosts [[KF Llapi|FC Llapi]] and holds 6,000 seats. The other is located in Merdare, and has a capacity of 5,000; it hosted the former club [[KF Hysi]]. Other smaller football clubs also exist.<ref name="autogenerated80">Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 35.</ref>
== Transport ==
Through the municipality of Podujevë passes the nationally important road which connects the [[Kosovo]] and Serbia or the road axis [[Pristina]] - Podujevë - [[Merdare|Merdar]] - [[Kuršumlija|Kurshumli]], which is considered a national road. The national road Pristina-Merdarë (M25) passes through the central and south-eastern part of the municipality. It is characterized with quite dense traffic, both in the transport of goods and passengers.
The railway network in Podujevë links Kosovo to Serbia. It is {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and 10 settlements are linked directly to this railroad.<ref name="autogenerated63">Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina. Page 32.</ref><ref name="autogenerated62">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 133.</ref> 45.08% of Podujevë's citizens also have direct access to it.<ref name="autogenerated62" /> As of 2010, this railway is inoperative.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 134.</ref>
The public transport in Podujevë is organized through buses, small buses and other vehicles since there are many villages.<ref>Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 136.</ref> Since some of the villages are in deep areas of Podujevë and they have a small number of residents, they do not have access to public transportation.<ref name="autogenerated65">Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo. Page 140.</ref>
==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Kosovo}}
Podujevë is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* {{flagdeco|Germany}} [[Velbert]], Germany<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.velbert.de/stadtleben/internationale-kontakte/partnerstaedte|title=Partnerstädte - Internationale Kontakte - STADTleben - Stadt Velbert|website=www.velbert.de|accessdate=3 March 2024}}</ref>
*{{flagdeco|Austria}} [[Linz]], Austria<ref>{{citation |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/news/podujeva-binjakezohet-me-linzin-e-austrise/|title=Podujeva binjakëzohet me Linzin e Austrisë }}</ref>
* {{flagdeco|Turkey}}[[Kestel, Bursa|Kestel]], Turkey<ref>{{citation |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve/news/nenshkruhet-marreveshja-e-binjakezimit-ne-mes-te-podujeves-dhe-kestelit/|title=Nënshkruhet marrëveshja e binjakëzimit në mes të Podujevës dhe Kestelit }}</ref>
*  {{Flagdeco|Croatia}}[[Grubišno Polje]], Croatia <ref>{{citation |url=https://infokomuna.com/m/sq/lajme/podujeve/komuna-e-podujeves-binjakezohet-me-komunen-e-grubisno-polje-te-kroacise|title=Komuna e Podujevës binjakëzohet me Komunën e Grubisno Polje të Kroacisë }}</ref>{{div col end}}
== Notable people ==
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*[[Adem Demaçi]] (1936–2018), Albanian writer and former politician
*[[Agon Mehmeti]] (b. 1989), Albanian footballer
*[[Arlind Ajeti]] (b. 1993), Albanian footballer
*[[Dafina Zeqiri]] (b. 1989), Albanian singer and songwriter
*[[Debatik Curri]] (b. 1984), Albanian footballer
*[[Dragan Maksimović]] (1949–2001), Serbian actor
*[[Fadil Vokrri]] (1960–2018), footballer
*[[Fatmir Sejdiu]] (b. 1951), former [[President of Kosovo]]
*[[Granit Xhaka]]  (b. 1992), Swiss footballer
*[[Jashar Erebara]]  (b. 1873), [[rilindas]], journalist
*[[Taulant Xhaka]]  (b. 1991), Albanian footballer
*[[Vlora Çitaku]]  (b. 1980), Albanian politician and diplomat
*[[Xhavit Bajrami]] (b. 1975), Albanian kick boxer
*[[Zahir Pajaziti]] (1962–1997), founding member of the [[Kosovo Liberation Army]] (KLA)
{{div col end}}
== See also ==
* [[List of villages in Podujevo|List of villages in Podujevë]]
== References ==
{{Reflist|20em}}
== Bibliography ==
* Komuna e Podujevës (2012): "Plani Lokal i Veprimit në Mjedis 2012-2017". Rrjeti, Pristina.
* Agjencia e Kosovës për Mbrojtjen e Mjedisit, Instituti për Mbrojtjen e Natyrës së Kosovës (August 2004): "Raport nga Rekognosimi i Terrenit në Territorin e Komunës së Podujevës", "Bill Clinton" st., Pristina.
* Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Strategjia e Zhvillimit Ekonomik Lokal 2011-2014". Pristina.
* Komuna e Podujevës (2010): "Plani Zhvillimor Komunal". Gis Consulting, Podujevo.
* Pushkolli, Fehmi (1998): "Llapi gjatë historisë", Interpress R. Company, Pristina.
* Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës (2011): "Kosovo Census Atlas", Pristina. {{ISBN|978-9951-22-019-4}}.
* Komuna e Podujevës (2011): “Plani Zhvillimor Urban (2011-2021)”, Gis Consulting, Podujevo.
* Komuna e Podujevës (2011): “Plani Investiv në Infrastrukturën e Ujësjellësit dhe Kanalizimit në Komunën e Podujevës”. Podujevo.
* Komuna e Podujevës: “Zhvillimi, përmirësimi dhe promovimi I turizmit në Liqenin e Batllavës”. Fotostudio NIKON, Podujevë.
== External links ==
{{Commons category|Podujevo}}
* [http://kk.rks-gov.net/podujeve Municipality of Podujevo (Republic of Kosovo)]
{{Podujevë}}{{Kosovo municipalities}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Podujevë]]
[[Category:Cities in Kosovo]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Kosovo]]
[[Category:Populated places in Pristina District]]