View source for Politics and government of the Brussels-Capital Region

{{Short description|Regional government in Belgium}}
{{Infobox executive government
| government_name  = Government of the Brussels-Capital Region
| nativename       = Gouvernement de la région de Bruxelles-Capitale<br>Brusselse Hoofdstedelijke Regering
| background_color = #0900BD
| image            = Be Brussels logo.svg
| image_size       = 200px
| caption          =
| date_established = {{Start date and age|1989|07|12|df=y}}
| date_dissolved   =
| state            =
| polity           = [[Brussels-capital Region]]
| country          = [[Belgium]]
| address          = Hôtel de Grimbergen, [[City of Brussels]]
| leader_title     = [[Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region|Minister-President]]
| appointed        = [[Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region]]
| budget           =
| main_organ       =
| ministries       =
| responsible      =
| url              = [https://be.brussels/about-the-region/the-government-of-the-region be.brussels]
}}
{{politics of Brussels}}
The '''government of the Brussels-Capital Region''' ({{langx|fr|Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale}}; {{langx|nl|Brusselse Hoofdstedelijke Regering}}) is the political administration of the [[Brussels-Capital Region]] of [[Belgium]].<ref name="Belgian Constitution">{{cite web |title=The Belgian Constitution (English version) |url=http://www.dekamer.be/kvvcr/pdf_sections/publications/constitution/grondwetEN.pdf |format=[[PDF]] |publisher=Belgian House of Representatives |date=January 2009 |access-date=2009-06-05 |quote=Article 3: Belgium comprises three Regions: the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region and the Brussels Region. Article 4: Belgium comprises four linguistic regions: the Dutch-speaking region, the French speaking region, the bilingual region of Brussels-Capital and the German-speaking region.}}</ref><ref name="CIRB-creation">{{cite web |title=Brussels-Capital Region: Creation |url=http://be.brussels/about-the-region/about-the-region |publisher=Centre d'Informatique pour la Région Bruxelloise (Brussels Regional Informatics Center) |year=2009 |access-date=2009-06-05 |quote=Since 18 June 1989, the date of the first regional elections, the Brussels-Capital Region has been an autonomous region comparable to the Flemish and Walloon Regions.}} (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.)</ref> An election is held every five years. The government is headed by a [[List of Ministers-President of the Brussels-Capital Region|Minister-President]] (currently [[Rudi Vervoort]]), four [[Political minister|minister]]s and three [[secretary of state|state secretaries]].
Additionally, until 2014, there was a [[Governor of the Administrative Arrondissement Brussels-Capital|Governor of the Brussels-Capital Region]], who was appointed by the [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] and had the responsibility to enforce laws concerned with public order in the Brussels-Capital Region. The governor's powers were relatively limited.
The Brussels capital region is divided into [[Municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region|19 municipalities]]. Each municipality has its own government, responsible for the handling of local level duties, such as law enforcement and the upkeep of schools and roads within its borders.<ref name="OECD">{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/10/43/1902434.pdf|title=Managing across levels of government|year=1997|publisher=OECD|pages=107, 110|format=PDF|access-date=2009-04-05}}</ref> Municipal administration is also conducted by a mayor, a council, and an executive.<ref name="OECD" />
==Parliament==
{{main|Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region}}
The [[Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region]] is also known as the Brussels Regional Parliament. It is the main decision-making body for the Brussels-Capital Region. Constitutionally, the parliament is made up of 72 [[French language|French]]-speaking members and 17 [[Dutch language|Dutch]]-speaking members.
=== Functions ===
[[File:Brussels Parliament building (2).jpg|thumb|left|The [[Brussels Parliament building]]]]The Brussels Parliament role mainly consists in controlling the government of the [[Brussels-Capital Region]], approving the budget and creating and passing legislation in regional matters, known as ordinances, which are legally binding. One of its first tasks after the Parliament is renewed is appointing five [[Minister (government)|ministers]] and three regional [[Secretary of State|secretaries of state]], who together form the [[Government of the Brussels-Capital Region#Cabinet|cabinet of the Brussels-Capital Region]].
The 89 members of the Brussels Parliament are divided into two language groups: 72 belong to the [[French language|French]]-speaking group and 17 members belong to the [[Dutch language|Dutch]]-speaking group. The members of the French-speaking group also make up the ''Parlement francophone bruxellois'' (in [[English language|English]]: French-speaking Brussels Parliament), which was formerly known as the Assembly of the [[French Community Commission]], while the members of the Dutch-speaking group make up the Council of the [[Flemish Community Commission]]. The ''Parlement francophone bruxellois'' and the Council of the [[Flemish Community Commission]] together form the United Assembly of the [[Common Community Commission]]. The Community Commissions are to a certain extent responsible for [[Communities and regions of Belgium|Community]] competencies within the [[Brussels-Capital Region]].
19 of the 72 French-speaking members of the Brussels Parliament are also members of the [[Parliament of the French Community of Belgium]]. People voting for a Flemish party have to vote separately for 6 directly-elected members of the Flemish Parliament.
Due to the multiple capacities of single members, there are members of the Brussels Parliament who are at the same member of the Parliament of the [[French Community of Belgium]] and of the [[Belgian Senate]] as "community senators" for the French Community. However, there are certain restrictions in place in order to prevent one person from combining too many mandates. For instance, it is impossible to be a member of the [[Belgian Chamber of Representatives]] and of one of the Regional Parliaments at the same time.
==Cabinet==
[[File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Hôtel de Grimbergen - 01.jpg|thumb|Hôtel de Grimbergen, [[Brussels]]]]
The [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] of the Brussels-Capital region comprises eight members, headed by a [[List of Ministers-President of the Brussels Capital-Region|Minister-President]]. There are four ministers in the cabinet, two of which must be French-speaking and two Flemish. Of the three more junior [[Secretary of State#Belgium|Secretaries of State]], at least one must be Flemish. The [[List of Ministers-President of the Brussels Capital-Region|Minister-President]] is in practice always a francophone, so the [[cabinet (government)|cabinet]] of the Region has 5 French-speaking and 3 Dutch-speaking members.
===Compositions===
==== Composition 2019–present ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" | Government of the Brussels-Capital Region - Vervoort III
|-
! !! Party !! Name !! Function
{{minister row|Rudi Vervoort|[[Minister-President of the Brussels Capital-Region|Minister-President]]; Minister of Urban Renewal, Spatial Development, Safety & Prevention, Tourism, the image of Brussels and bicultural issues of regional importance, Student Affairs and Paying Passenger Transport|party=[[Parti Socialiste (Belgium)|PS]]|color=FF0033}}
{{minister row|Elke Van den Brandt|Minister of Mobility, Public Works and Road Safety|party=[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]|color=01796F}}
{{minister row|Alain Maron|Minister of Environment & Climate, Social Integration, Health, Energy, Water, Cleanliness and the Port of Brussels|party=[[Ecolo]]|color=00B000}}
{{minister row|Sven Gatz|Minister of Finance, Budget, Civil Service, Promotion of Multilingualism, Tourism, Statistics, Urbanism, Heritage, the image of Brussels and bicultural issues of regional importance|party=[[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|Open Vld]]|color=0000BB}}
{{minister row|Bernard Clerfayt|Minister of Employment, Professional Education, Local Authorities, Digitization, Animal Welfare and Child Benefits|party=[[DéFI]]|color=DA70D6}}
{{minister row|Nawal Ben Hamou|Secretary of State for Equal Opportunities and Housing|party=[[Socialist Party (francophone Belgium)|PS]]|color=FF0033}}
{{minister row|Pascal Smet|Secretary of State for Urbanism, European and International Affairs, Foreign Trade, Fire Fighting and Emergency Medical Assistance|party=[[Socialistische Partij Anders|one.brussels-sp.a]]|color=EE0000}}
{{minister row|Barbara Trachte|Secretary of State for Economic Transition and Research|party=[[Ecolo]]|color=00B000}}
|}
==== Composition 2014–2019 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" | Government of the Brussels-Capital Region - Vervoort II
|-
! !! Party !! Name !! Function
{{minister row|Rudi Vervoort|[[Minister-President of the Brussels Capital-Region|Minister-President]]; Minister of Local Authorities, Spatial Planning, Monuments and Landscapes, Student Affairs, Civil Service, Scientific Research and Public Proverty|party=[[Socialist Party (francophone Belgium)|PS]]|color=red}}
{{minister row|Guy Vanhengel|Minister of Finance, Budget, Development Aid and Foreign Relations|party=[[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|Open Vld]]|color=blue}}
{{minister row|Didier Gosuin|Minister of Employment, Economy, Fire Department and Urgent Medical Care|party=[[DéFI]]|color=purple}}
{{minister row|Pascal Smet|Minister of Public Works and Transport|party=[[Socialistische Partij Anders|sp.a]]|color=red}}
{{minister row|Céline Fremault|Minister of Housing, Environment and Energy|party=[[Centre Démocrate Humaniste|CDH]]|color=orange}}
{{minister row|Fadila Laanan|Secretary of State for Collection and Processing of Waste, Scientific Research, Sports Infrastructure and Civil Service|party=PS|color=red}}
{{minister row|Cécile Jodogne|Secretary of State for Foreign Trade, Fire Department and Urgent Medical Care|party=[[DéFI]]|color=purple}}
{{minister row|Bianca Debaets|Secretary of State for Development Aid, Road Traffic Safety, IT and Digital Transition, Equal Opportunities and Animal Welfare |party=[[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|CD&V]]|color=orange}}
|}
==== Composition 2013–2014 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" | Government of the Brussels-Capital Region - Vervoort I
|-
! !! Party !! Name !! Function
{{minister row|Rudi Vervoort|[[Minister-President of the Brussels Capital-Region|Minister-President]]; Minister of Local Authorities, Spatial Planning, Monuments and Landscapes, Development Aid and Statistics|party=[[Parti Socialiste (Belgium)|PS]]|color=red}}
{{minister row|Guy Vanhengel|Minister of Finance, Budget and Foreign Relations|party=[[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|VLD]]|color=blue}}
{{minister row|Brigitte Grouwels|Minister of Public Works, Transport, the Port of Brussels, and IT|party=[[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|CD&V]]|color=orange}}
{{minister row|Evelyne Huytebroeck|Minister of Environment, Energy, Water Jurisdiction and City Rejuvenation|party=[[Ecolo]]|color=green}}
{{minister row|Céline Fremault|Minister of Employment, Economy, Foreign Trade and Scientific Research|party=[[Centre Démocrate Humaniste|CDH]]|color=orange}}
{{minister row|Bruno De Lille|Secretary of State for Mobility, Equal Opportunities and the Civil Service|party=[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]|color=green}}
{{minister row|Rachid Madrane|Secretary of State for Town Planning, Collection and Processing of Waste and Environmental Maintenance|party=PS|color=red}}
{{minister row|Christos Doulkeridis|Secretary of State for Housing/Habitation, Fire Department and Urgent Medical Care|party=Ecolo|color=green}}
|}
==== Composition 2009–2013 ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" | Government of the Brussels-Capital Region - Picqué IV
|-
! !! Party !! Name !! Function
{{minister row|Charles Picqué|[[Minister-President of the Brussels Capital-Region|Minister-President]]; Minister of Local Authorities, Spatial Planning, Monuments and Landscapes, Development Aid and Statistics|party=[[Parti Socialiste (Belgium)|PS]]|color=red}}
{{minister row|Guy Vanhengel|Minister of Finance, Budget and Foreign Relations|party=[[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|VLD]]|color=blue}}
{{minister row|Brigitte Grouwels|Minister of Public Works, Transport, the Port of Brussels, and IT|party=[[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|CD&V]]|color=orange}}
{{minister row|Evelyne Huytebroeck|Minister of Environment, Energy, Water Jurisdiction and City Rejuvenation|party=[[Ecolo]]|color=green}}
{{minister row|Benoit Cerexhe|Minister of Employment, Economy, Foreign Trade and Scientific Research|party=[[Centre Démocrate Humaniste|CDH]]|color=orange}}
{{minister row|Bruno De Lille|Secretary of State for Mobility, Equal Opportunities and the Civil Service|party=[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]|color=green}}
{{minister row|Emir Kir|Secretary of State for Public Sanitation and Monument Conservation|party=PS|color=red}}
{{minister row|Christos Doulkeridis|Secretary of State for Housing/Habitation, Fire Department and Urgent Medical Care|party=Ecolo|color=green}}
|}
==== Composition 2004–2009 ====
After the elections of 2004, the French-speaking parties {{Color box|red|border=darkgray}}[[Socialist Party (francophone Belgium)|PS]], {{Color box|green|border=darkgray}}[[Ecolo]] and {{Color box|orange|border=darkgray}}[[Centre démocrate humaniste|CDH]] formed a coalition with the Dutch-speaking parties {{Color box|blue|border=darkgray}}[[Open Vlaamse Liberalen en Democraten|Open VLD]], {{Color box|orange|border=darkgray}}[[Christen-Democratisch en Vlaams|CD&V]] en {{Color box|red|border=darkgray}}[[Socialistische Partij Anders|SP.A]].
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" | Cabinet of the Brussels-Capital Region - Picqué III
|-
! !! Party !! Name !! Function
{{minister row|Charles Picqué|Minister-President; Minister of Local Power, Urban Planning, Monuments and Landscapes, Urban Renovation, Housing/Habitation, Public Cleansing, Foreign Trade and Development Aid|party=PS|color=red}}
{{minister row|Guy Vanhengel|Minister of Finance, Budget, Foreign Relations and regional IT|party=Open VLD|color=blue}}
{{minister row|Benoît Cerexhe|Minister of Employment, Economy, Scientific Research, Fire Department and Urgent Medical Care|party=cdH|color=orange}}
{{minister row|Evelyne Huytebroeck|Minister of Environment, Energy et Water Jurisdiction|party=Ecolo|color=green}}
{{minister row|Pascal Smet|Minister of Mobility and Public Works|party=sp.a|color=red}}
{{minister row|Françoise Dupuis|Secretary of State for Housing/Habitation and Urbanism|party=PS|color=red}}
{{minister row|Emir Kir|Secretary of State for Public Cleansing, Monuments and Landscapes|party=PS|color=red}}
{{minister row|Brigitte Grouwels|Secretary of State for Public Service and the Port of Brussels|party=CD&V|color=orange}}
|}
==List of governments==
{| class="wikitable"
! Minister-President !! Time in office !! Party
|-
|[[Charles Picqué]] (1st term)
| 12 July 1989 – 22 June 1995
| style="background-color:pink;" | [[Parti Socialiste (Belgium)|PS]]
|-
|Charles Picqué (2nd term)
| 22 June 1995 – 15 July 1999
| style="background-color:pink;" | [[Parti Socialiste (Belgium)|PS]]
|-
|[[Jacques Simonet]] (1st term)
| 15 July 1999 – 18 October 2000
| style="background-color:skyblue;" | [[Liberal Reformist Party (Belgium)|PRL]]
|-
|[[François-Xavier de Donnéa]]
| 18 October 2000 – 6 June 2003
| style="background-color:skyblue;" | PRL/[[Mouvement Réformateur|MR]]
|-
|[[Daniel Ducarme]]
| 6 June 2003 – 18 February 2004
| style="background-color:skyblue;" | MR
|-
|Jacques Simonet (2nd term)
| 18 February – 19 July 2004
| style="background-color:skyblue;" | MR
|-
|Charles Picqué (3rd term)
| 19 July 2004 – 19 July 2009
| style="background-color:pink;" | PS
|-
|Charles Picqué (4th term)
| 19 July 2009 – 7 May 2013
| style="background-color:pink;" | PS
|-
|[[Rudi Vervoort]] (1st term)
| 7 May 2013 – 20 July 2014
| style="background-color:pink;" | PS
|-
|Rudi Vervoort (2nd term)
| 20 July 2014 – 17 July 2019
| style="background-color:pink;" | PS
|-
|Rudi Vervoort (3rd term)
| 17 July 2019 – present
| style="background-color:pink;" | PS
|}
== See also ==
* [[Flemish government]]
* [[Government of the French Community]]
* [[Minister-President of the Brussels-Capital Region]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://be.brussels/about-the-region Brussels-Capital Region]. ''Centre d'Informatique pour la Région Bruxelloise'' (Brussels Regional Informatics Center)
* {{Commons category inline}}
* {{official website}}
{{Brussels topics|state=autocollapse}}
{{Governments of Belgium}}
[[Category:1989 establishments in Belgium]]
[[Category:Politics of Brussels| ]]
[[Category:Politics of Belgium by region|Brussels]]
[[Category:Government of Brussels| ]]