View source for Prešov

{{short description|City in Slovakia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Prešov
| settlement_type          = City
| image_skyline            = <!-- images and maps  -----------> {{multiple image
| border                   = infobox
| perrow            = 1/2
| total_width       = 300
| image1 = Prešov, Slovakia (20623194688).jpg
| image2 = Christmas, Prešov 21 Slovakia 26.jpg
| image3 = Muzeum - panoramio (2).jpg
| footer = From the top, View over Central Prešov, [[Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Prešov|Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas]], Rakóczi's Palace}}
| image_caption            =
| image_flag               = Presov-presov-flag.svg
| image_shield             = Coat of Arms of Prešov.svg
| pushpin_map              = Slovakia Prešov Region#Slovakia
| pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Slovakia
| pushpin_relief           = 1
| coordinates              = {{coord|49|00|06|N|21|14|22|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = Slovakia
| subdivision_type2        = [[Regions of Slovakia|Region]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Prešov Region|Prešov]]
| subdivision_type3        = [[Districts of Slovakia|District]]
| subdivision_name3        = [[Prešov District|Prešov]]
| established_title        = First mentioned
| established_date         = 1247
| leader_title             = Mayor
| leader_name              = Ing. František Oľha<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.presov.sk/primator-mesta.html |title=Primátor mesta |author= |date=2022-12-04 |website=www.presov.sk |publisher= |access-date=2022-12-04 }}</ref>
| area_total_km2           = 70.44
| elevation_m              = 296<ref name="base_info">{{Cite web |url=http://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_SK_WIN/om5001rr/v_om5001rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Základná charakteristika |language=sk |date=2015-04-17 |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|access-date=2022-03-31}}</ref>
| population_as_of         = {{Tooltip|2022|2022-12-31}}
| population_total         = 82927
| population_urban         = 110,978
| population_density_km2   = auto
| timezone1                = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1              = +1
| timezone1_DST            = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST          = +2
| postal_code_type         = Postal code
| postal_code              = 080 01<ref name="base_info"/>
| area_code                = +421 51<ref name="base_info"/>
| blank_name               = [[Slovak car registration plates|Car plate]]
| blank_info               = PO, PV
| website                  = {{url|presov.sk}}
|population_density_sq_mi  =|area_total_sq_mi          =|elevation_ft              = 971<ref name="base_info"/>|population_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7101rr/v_om7101rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Počet obyvateľov podľa pohlavia - obce (ročne) |author=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk) |date= |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= |access-date=2024-02-08}}</ref>
|area_note= ({{Tooltip|2022|2022-06-31/2022-07-01}})
|area_footnotes=<ref>{{cite web |url=https://datacube.statistics.sk/#!/view/sk/VBD_DEM/om7014rr/v_om7014rr_00_00_00_sk |title=Hustota obyvateľstva - obce |author=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic (www.statistics.sk) |date= |website=www.statistics.sk |publisher= |access-date=2024-02-08}}</ref>
}}
'''Prešov''' ({{IPA-sk|ˈpreʂɔw|-|Presov.ogg}}, {{langx|hu|Eperjes}} {{IPA-hu|ˈɛpɛrjɛʃ|}}, {{langx|de|link=no|Eperies}}, [[Rusyn language|Rusyn]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]: Пряшів {{IPA-uk|ˈprʲaʃʲiu̯||LL-Q8798 (ukr)-Po ukraińsku (Andriana)-Пряшів.wav}}) is a city in Eastern [[Slovakia]]. It is the seat of administrative [[Prešov Region]] ({{langx|sk|Prešovský kraj}}) and [[Šariš]]. With a population of approximately 85,000 for the city, and in total about 100,000 with the metropolitan area, it is the third-largest city in Slovakia. It belongs to the [[:sk:Ko%C5%A1icko-pre%C5%A1ovsk%C3%A1 aglomer%C3%A1cia|Košice-Prešov agglomeration]] and is the natural cultural, economic, transport and administrative center of the Šariš region. It lends its name to the Eperjes-Tokaj Hill-Chain which was considered as the geographic entity on the first map of Hungary from 1528.<ref name="books.google.pl2">{{Cite book|last1=Lambert-Gócs|first1=Miles|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j8lPDAAAQBAJ&q=Eperjes&pg=PA95|title=Tokaji Wine: Fame, Fate, Tradition|date=November 2010|publisher=Board and Bench |isbn=9781934259498}}</ref> There are many tourist attractions in Prešov such as castles (e.g. [[Šariš Castle]]), pools and the old town.
==Etymology==
The first written mention is from 1247 ({{Italic correction|{{lang|la|Theutonici de Epuryes}}}}).<ref name="lexicon2">{{cite book|url=http://www.forumhistoriae.sk/e_kniznica/Lexikon-stredovekych-miest.pdf|title=Lexikón stredovekých miest na Slovensku|publisher=Historický ústav SAV|year=2010|isbn=978-80-89396-11-5|editor1-last=Štefánik|editor1-first=Martin|location=Bratislava|pages=331, 352|language=sk, en|trans-title=Lexicon of Medieval Towns in Slovakia|access-date=29 December 2016|editor2-last=Lukačka|editor2-first=Ján|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140302114716/http://www.forumhistoriae.sk/e_kniznica/Lexikon-stredovekych-miest.pdf|archive-date=2 March 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Several authors derived the name from {{langx|hu|eper}} (strawberry).
Other alternative names of the city include {{langx|de|link=no|Preschau}} or {{lang|de|Eperies}}, [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] ''Eperjes'', [[Polish language|Polish]] ''Preszów'', [[Romany language|Romany]] ''Peryeshis'', Russian ''Пряшев'' (''Pryashev''), [[Rusyn language|Subcarpathian Rusyn]] ''Пряшово'' and [[Rusyn language|Pr’ašiv Rusyn]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] ''Пряшів'' (''Priashiv'').
People from Prešov are traditionally known as {{lang|hu|koňare}} which means "horse keepers".{{efn|Public horse breeding stud was built in 1859 in Prešov on Sabinovská ulica, it was a stop for horses on their way to [[Budapest]] and gained popularity quickly, so citizens of Prešov were called horse keepers after this famous spot of [[Austria-Hungary]]. Horses are also depicted on the jerseys of Prešov's football team, [[1. FC Tatran Prešov]], which is the very first official football team in Slovakia, founded on 25 May 1898 as Eperjesi Torna és Vívó Egyesület ([[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]).}}
==Characteristics==
The old town is a showcase of [[Baroque architecture|Baroque]], [[Rococo]] and [[Gothic architecture]]. The historical center is lined with buildings built in these styles. In the suburbs, however, the Soviet influence is clearly evident through the massive concrete panel buildings (''[[panelák]]y'') of the [[housing estate]]s (''sídliská'') and the Sekčov district. More [[Stalinist architecture|Soviet-style architecture]] is seen in the government buildings near the city center.
Significant industries in the city include mechanical and electrical engineering companies and the [[clothing industry]]. Solivary, the only [[salt mining]] and processing company in Slovakia, also operates in the city. The city is a seat of a [[Slovak Greek Catholic Church|Greek Catholic]] [[Archeparchy of Prešov|metropolitan see]] and of the primate of the [[autocephalous]] [[Czech and Slovak Orthodox Church|Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia]].
Many concerts, operas, operettas and stage plays are performed at the new building of the [[Jonáš Záborský Theatre]] (Divadlo Jonáša Záborského), as well as at the older theatre premises.
The city and the region were contenders for [[European Capital of Culture]] 2013.<ref>See [http://www.presov2013.sk Presov 2013 website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311071835/http://www.presov2013.sk/|date=11 March 2008}}</ref> The nearby city of [[Košice]] was chosen.
== Topography ==
Prešov lies in the eastern part of Slovakia at the confluence of the rivers [[Torysa (river)|Torysa]] and Sekčov in the Košice Basin. It is surrounded by Slanské vrchy from the east and Šarišská vrchovina from the west. Roads I / 18 ([[Poprad]] – [[Michalovce]]), I / 68 (direction [[Stará Ľubovňa]]), I / 20 (direction [[Košice]]) intersect in the town and the south-western connection of the [[D1 motorway (Slovakia)|D1 motorway]] ([[Poprad]] – [[Košice]]) is being built. The [[Košice]] – Muszyna railway line leads through Prešov, to which the lines to Humenné and Bardejov connect. Košice lies {{Convert|36|km|mi|abbr=unit}} south, Poprad {{Convert|75|km|mi|abbr=unit}} west, [[Bardejov]] {{Convert|41|km|mi|abbr=unit}} north and [[Vranov nad Topľou]] {{Convert|46|km|mi|abbr=unit}} east.
== City Districts ==
[[File:Nabrezie_Torysy_Presov.jpg|right|thumb|[[Torysa (river)|Torysa]] riverbank in Prešov]][[File:Prešov, Staré mesto.jpg|thumb|The historic center with the tower of the [[Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Prešov|Co-Cathedral of St. Nicholas]]. The background building is the University Hospital]]
''Self-governing city districts''. Territorial districts of self-governing city districts:
* Circuit number 1: [[Sídlisko]] III, Sídlisko Mladosť, Rúrky
* Circuit number 2: [[Sídlisko]] II, Kalvária, pod Kamennou baňou, pod Wilecovou hôrkou, Borkút, Vydumanec, Kvašná voda, [[Cemjata]]
* Circuit number 3: north of the city, Mier, Šidlovec, Dúbrava, Surdok, Kúty, Širpo, [[Nižná Šebastová]]
* Circuit number 4: city center – [[Staré mesto]], Táborisko, Sídlisko Duklianskych hrdinov
* Circuit number 5: [[Solivar]], Soľná Baňa, Šváby, Delňa, Tichá Dolina
* Circuit number 5.5: Šimonov
* Circuit number 6: southern part of the [[housing project]] Sekčov – building 1 – 4
* Circuit number 7: northern part of the [[housing project]] Sekčov – building 5 – 7, [[Šalgovík]]
Cadastral city district: Prešov, [[Nižná Šebastová]], [[Solivar]], [[Šalgovík]], [[Cemjata]]
''Other districts'': Delňa, Dúbrava, Kalvária, Rúrky, Soľná Baňa, [[Šarišské Lúky]], [[Širpo]], Šidlovec, [[Táborisko]], [[Teľov]], Vydumanec, Borkút, Kúty, [[Surdok]]
''Housing estates'': [[Duklianskych hrdinov]], Mier, [[Mladosť]], [[Sekčov]], [[Sídlisko II]], [[Sídlisko III]], [[Šváby]]
''Previous city districts'': [[Haniska, Prešov District|Haniska]] (1970–1990), [[Ľubotice]] (1970–1990), [[Šarišské Lúky]] (1970 – 1990, since 1990 it's a part of the village Ľubotice)
In the last few years and today, the construction of new residential areas and satellite towns in Prešov is being realized, especially in the district Šidlovec, Solivar, Šalgovík, Tichá dolina and Surdok.
== Watercourses ==
* [[Torysa (river)|Torysa]] with tributaries:
** Šidlovský potok (L)
** Vydumanec (R)
** Malkovský potok (R)
** [[Sekčov]] (L)
** [[Delňa]] (L)
* Continues to Sekčov:
** Šebastovka (L)
** Ľubotický potok (L)
** Šalgovícky potok (L)
** Soľný potok (L)
** Baracký potok (R)
==History==
Habitation in the area around Prešov dates as far back as the [[Paleolithic]] period. The oldest discovered tools and [[mammoth]] bones are 28,000 years old. Continuous settlement dates back to the 8th century.
After the [[Battle of Mohi|Mongol invasion]] in 1241, King [[Béla IV of Hungary]] invited [[Germans of Hungary|German colonists]] to fill the gaps in population. Prešov became a German-speaking settlement, related to the [[Zipser German]] and [[Carpathian German]] areas,<ref name="books.google.pl2" /> and was elevated to the rank of a royal free town in 1347 by [[Louis I of Hungary|Louis the Great]].<ref name="EB19112">{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Eperjes|volume=9|page=669}}</ref>[[File:Presov10Slovakia43.JPG|thumb|Historic town houses]]
[[File:Presov12JoannesPaulusII12.JPG|thumb|Statue of [[Pope John Paul II]]]]
[[File:Monument_49_Latitude_Presov_Slovakia.JPG|thumb|The [[49th parallel north|49° latitude]] is marked by a monument.]]In 1412, Prešov helped to create the [[Pentapolitana]], the league of five towns, a trading group. The first record of a school dates from 1429. After the collapse of the old Kingdom of Hungary after the Ottoman invasion of 1526, Prešov became a border city and changed hands several times between two usually rivalrous domains, Habsburg [[Royal Hungary]] and Hungarian states normally backed by the Ottomans: the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]], the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]], and the [[Principality of Upper Hungary]].
Still, Prešov went through an economic boom thanks to trade with the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. In the 16th century it brought in grape vines from the nearby [[Tokaj wine region]], and was home to German-Hungarian, Polish and Greek wine merchants. Some of the first books on Tokaj wine were written in German in Prešov.<ref name="books.google.pl2" />
In 1572, [[salt mining]] began in Solivar (at that time a nearby town, now part of Prešov).
[[File:1606_map_Ward_1912.jpg|left|thumb|277x277px|Prešov, named here as 'Eperjes', shown close to the border with Transylvania in 1606]]
[[Antun Vrančić]], a [[Croats|Croatian]]<ref name="Setton%209212">{{cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth Meyer|title=The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571: The Sixteenth Century|publisher=The American Philosophical Society|year=1984|isbn=0-87169-162-0|volume=IV|location=Philadelphia|page=921}}</ref> prelate, writer, diplomat and [[Archbishop of Esztergom]], died in Prešov in 1573.
Prešov was prominent in the [[Reformation|Protestant Reformation]]. It was at the front line in the 1604–1606 [[Bocskai uprising]], when [[Army of the Holy Roman Empire|Imperial Army]] commander [[Giorgio Basta]] retreated to the town after failing to take Košice from the [[Protestant]] rebels.
[[File:Eperjes-17th_century.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|A 17th-century siege of Prešov, named here as 'Eperies']]
In 1647 the Habsburgs designated it the capital of [[Sáros county]]. In late January 1657, [[Prince of Transylvania|Transylvanian Prince]] [[George II Rákóczi]], a [[Protestant]], invaded Poland with army of some 25,000 which crossed the Carpathians on the road from Prešov to Krosno.
Wolfgang Schustel, a [[Lutheran]] reformer during the [[Reformation]], who adopted an uncompromising position on public piety worked in Prešov and other towns. In 1667, the important Evangelical Lutheran College of Eperjes was established by [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]] in the town.
[[Imre Thököly]], the Protestant Hungarian rebel and Ottoman ally studied at the Protestant college here. In 1685 he was defeated here by the Habsburg at the [[Battle of Eperjes]]. In 1687 twenty-four prominent citizens and noblemen were executed, under a tribunal instituted by the Austrian general [[Antonio Carafa (general)|Antonio Caraffa]],<ref name="EB19112" /> for supporting the uprising of [[Imre Thököly]]:
{{blockquote|"The city particularly suffered during the religious conflicts of the seventeenth century, when it had a reputation for Protestant anti-Habsburg sentiment. In 1687, General Carafa, an emissary of the Austrian emperor, imprisoned a group of local noblemen suspected of insurrection in a former wine warehouse off the square now known as Caraffa's Prison. He subsequently, and notoriously, had 24 of them tortured, executed and their heads placed on spikes around the town, after what we would now call a show trial."<ref>{{Cite web|last=a.s|first=Petit Press|title=Travel|url=https://spectator.sme.sk/r/7034/travel.html|website=spectator.sme.sk|language=en}}</ref>}}
At the beginning of the 18th century, the population was decimated by the [[Bubonic plague]] and fires and was reduced to a mere 2,000 inhabitants. By the second half of the century, however, the town had recovered; crafts and trade improved, and new factories were built. In 1752 the salt mine in Solivar was flooded. Since then salt has been extracted from salt brine through boiling.
[[File:Saros_county_map.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Map of Sáros county showing Prešov, named here as 'Eperjes']]
The English author [[John Paget (author)|John Paget]] visited Presov and describes it in his 1839 book ''Hungary and Transylvania''.<ref>{{cite book|author=Paget, John|url=https://archive.org/details/hungaryandtrans04pagegoog|title=Hungary and Transylvania|date=1850|publisher=Lea Blanchard|edition=new|access-date=24 January 2013}}</ref> In 1870 the first railway line was built, connecting the town to [[Košice]]. At the end of the 19th century, the town introduced electricity, telephone, telegraph and a sewage systems. In 1887 fire destroyed a large part of the town.<ref>{{Cite web|last=a.s|first=Petit Press|title=Travel|url=https://spectator.sme.sk/r/7034/travel.html|access-date=2021-12-22|website=spectator.sme.sk|language=en}}</ref>
In 1918, Czechoslovak troops began occupying Eastern Slovakia, along with Prešov. On 16 June 1919, Hungarian troops entered the city and the very brief [[Slovak Soviet Republic]] was declared here with the support of the [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316137024/type/book|title=The Cambridge History of Communism|date=2017-09-21|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-13702-4|editor-last=Pons|editor-first=Silvio|edition=1|doi=10.1017/9781316137024|editor-last2=Smith|editor-first2=Stephen A.}}</ref> The short-lived republic collapsed in 7 July 1919 and Czechoslovak troops re-entered Prešov. In 1920, after the [[Treaty of Trianon]], Prešov definitively became part of the newly created [[Czechoslovakia]]. During [[World War II]], the nearby town of Košice again became part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]] as a result of the [[First Vienna Award]]. As a result, many institutions moved from Košice to Prešov, thus increasing the town's importance. In 1944, a professional Slovak Theatre was established in Prešov. The city is a site in the [[Holocaust]]:
{{blockquote|"In 1940, on the eve of the Holocaust, Prešov contained five synagogues and more than one in six of the city's population—4,308 people—was Jewish. Three of the synagogues are still standing, but the Jewish community now numbers fewer than 60. Outside the sole functioning synagogue, on Švermova just off the main square, is a memorial to the 6,400 Jews from Prešov and the surrounding region who died in the Holocaust. The broad path leading to the tombstone-shaped monument, surrounded by prison-like bars, is intended to represent the Jewish pre-war population; the narrow path that leads on from it to the synagogue, those who survived."<ref name="travel.spectator.sme.sk">{{Cite web | url=http://travel.spectator.sme.sk/articles/1903/_presov_wine_and_revolution | title=Travel}}</ref>}}
About two thousand Jews were [[List of Holocaust transports from Slovakia|deported]] from Prešov to the [[Dęblin–Irena Ghetto]] in May 1942. Only a few dozen survived.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Büchler|first1=Yehoshua|date=1991|title=The deportation of Slovakian Jews to the Lublin District of Poland in 1942|journal=[[Holocaust and Genocide Studies]]|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|pages=159, 166|doi=10.1093/hgs/6.2.151|issn=8756-6583}}</ref>
On 19 January 1945 Prešov was taken by [[Red Army|Soviet troops]] of the [[1st Guards Army (Soviet Union)|1st Guards Army]]. After 1948, during the [[Czechoslovak Socialist Republic|Communist era in Czechoslovakia]], Prešov became an industrial center. Due to [[World War II]], Prešov lost the majority of its Jewish population. Nonetheless, population of the city increased rapidly from 28,000 in 1950 to 52,000 in 1970 and 89,000 in 1990.
== Overview of significant historical events ==
* 4th – 5th century – arrival of Slavs to the territory of Prešov
* 1247 – the first written mention of Prešov
* 1299 – granting of city rights by [[Andrew III of Hungary|King Andrew III of Hungary]]
* 1412 (the 80s of the 15th century) – Prešov belongs to [[Pentapolitana]] (community of 5 royal cities – Prešov, [[Košice]], [[Bardejov]], [[Levoča]], [[Sabinov]])
* 1429 – the first mention of a town school in Prešov
* 1453 – the first coat of arms of Prešov
* 1455 – granting the right of the city of Prešov to organize an annual three-day fair by [[Ladislaus the Posthumous|King Ladislaus the Posthumous]]
* 1502 – 1505 – beginning of the construction of the [[Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Prešov|Co-Cathedral of St. Nicholas]]
* 1647 – sanctification of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession of the Holy Trinity Church
* 1667 – College in Prešov, Evangelical Educational Center of Upper Hungary, National Cultural Monument
* 1687 – [[Executive Court of Prešov|Caraffa's slaughterhouse]], 24 executed townspeople
* 1703 – the beginning of the most powerful anti-Habsburg uprising led by Francis II. Rákocim
* The end of the 18th century – arrival of the first Jews in Prešov
* 1816 – Prešov becomes the seat of an independent Greek Catholic diocese
* 1848 – construction of the 1st Jewish synagogue
* 1886, 1887 – big devastating fires affect Prešov
* November 1, 1918 – in the afternoon, 41 soldiers and 2 civilians were executed in the city square. This event is also known as the Prešov Uprising (Prešovská vzbura)
* 16 June 1919 – from the balcony of the town hall the [[Slovak Soviet Republic|Slovenská Soviet Republic]] (SSR) was declared
* 1923 – 1924 – construction of the Art Nouveau building of Bosáková bank
* December 20, 1944 – the bombing of the city is reminiscent of a small monument on Konštantínova Street
* January 19, 1945 – liberation of Prešov by the Red Army, the end of World War II is reminiscent of the Liberators Memorial
* 1950 – the center becomes a city monument reserve
* 1972 – The Solivary is becoming a national cultural monument
* July 2, 1995 – [[Pope John Paul II]] visited Prešov
* 2021 – [[Pope Francis]] visited Prešov
[[File:Town Presov Slovakia Pb203.jpg|thumb|City Hall]][[File:Presov10Slovakia493.JPG|thumb|Military headquarters]]
=== The highest representatives of the city ===
By granting city privileges in 1299, the people of Prešov gained the right to elect their vogt. Such a [[vogt]] embodied the highest executive and judicial power in the city. He was elected among the esteemed burghers, usually for one year. The first vogt in the city of Prešov, whose name has been preserved, was Hanus called Ogh, who is mentioned in historical sources as early as 1314. However, historians have not been able to complete the complete list of all the vogts of Prešov until from 1497.<ref>Sprievodca po historickom Prešove, autor: Peter Švorc a kolektív, vydalo: UNIVERSUM, 1997 str.39</ref> For the first time, a woman became the highest representative of Prešov in 2014, when [[Andrea Turčanová]] became the winner of the election. In the elections of 2018, she strengthened her position and won the elections to the mayor of Prešov.
== Military ==
Prešov already had an important geographical position in the Middle Ages, because it was located at the crossroads of trade routes and also belonged to the important defense system of the emerging Hungarian state. The beginnings of the army in Prešov date back to this area, as Hungarian tribes and their allies, which were military-guard groups of Asian ethnic groups, came to these areas to establish guard settlements and fortresses to defend the emerging [[Kingdom of Hungary]] from enemy attacks. To this day, the names of the nearby hills Veľká and Lysá stráž have been preserved.<ref>''Sprievodca po historickom Prešove'', autor: Peter Švorc a kolektív, vydalo: UNIVERSUM, 1997 str.13</ref>
The city had its own garrison probably since 1374, when it was given the right to build defensive walls with bastions and towers by King Louis I. The importance of the military garrison certainly increased because the city of Prešov became a free royal town in the 14th century. At the end of the 16th century, during the 15-year war with Turkey, the city had to sustain a large imperial army. From 1604, when the first of a number of anti-Habsburg uprisings of the Hungarian estates broke out, until 1710, when the city capitulated to a strong Habsburg army, Prešov was besieged many times by various insurgent troops, even by imperial troops. For example: [[Bocskai uprising]], General Bast's troops, Juraj I. Rákoci's insurgents, Veshelini's conspiracy, Kuruk's insurgents, Tököli's uprising, General Caraffa's Prešov slaughterhouses and the insurgents led by Francis II. Rákocim. Prešov then flourished until 1848, because it did not experience any war.<ref>''Sprievodca po historickom Prešove'', autor: Peter Švorc a kolektív, vydalo: UNIVERSUM, 1997 str.26</ref>
The revolutionary years of 1848–49 pulled not only the free royal city of Prešov, but the whole country into the whirlwind of events. Volunteer towns. Due to its strategic location, Prešov experienced several changes of military forces during this period. For example, General Schlick's imperial army was replaced by Görgey's Hungarian army, which was soon replaced by Austrian and Slovak volunteer units, which in turn were replaced by imperial soldiers together with the Russian army. The fact that the military importance of Prešov continued to grow is also evidenced by the data from the census of 1900, when out of 14,447 inhabitants of Prešov there were up to 1,349 soldiers. The local military garrison consisted of several units of the joint army and militia, the largest of which was the 67th Imperial and Royal Infantry Regiment. The hardships of [[World War I]] and especially its end tragically affected the life of Prešov, because on November 1, 1918, under the influence of the revolution in [[Budapest]], soldiers of the 67th Regiment and some other smaller units in Prešov refused to obey their commanders and looted some shops in Prešov. After the arrival of military reinforcements, the insurgents were arrested and despite the fact that there were no casualties during the riots, the statistical court sentenced the participants in the uprising to death. On the same day, November 1, 1918, 41 soldiers and 2 civilians were executed in the square. This event is also known as the Prešov Uprising.<ref>''Sprievodca po historickom Prešove'', autor: Peter Švorc a kolektív, vydalo: UNIVERSUM, 1997 str.33</ref> The bombing of the city on December 20, 1944, was also devastating for the city of Prešov.
From July 4, 1945, shortly after the end of [[World War II]], military units in the territory of [[Czechoslovakia]] were reorganized according to the model of the [[Red Army]]. Since then, the following military headquarters have been located in the city of Prešov: infantry regiment headquarters, rifle division headquarters, tank division headquarters, motorized rifle division headquarters, mechanized division headquarters, army corps headquarters, mechanized brigade headquarters.
From 1918 to 2019, these soldiers, who were born in Prešov, [[brigadier general]] František Bartko, [[major general]] Vojtech Gejza Danielovič, [[lieutenant general]] Alexander Mucha, Brigadier General Ing. Karol Navrátil, brigadier general Ing. Ivan Pach,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prezident vymenoval vojenských a policajných generálov|url=https://www.prezident.sk/article/prezident-vymenoval-vojenskych-a-policajnych-generalov/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=Prezidentka Slovenskej republiky|language=sk}}</ref> major general Emil Perko, major general Jozef Zadžora.<ref>Štaigl, J., a kolektív: Generáli – slovenská vojenská generalita 1918 – 2009, Magnet Press, Slovakia 2009</ref><ref>2.armádny zbor na konci tisícročia, vydalo Oddelenie výchovy a kultúry, Veliteľstvo 2.armádneho zboru Prešov, rok 2000, str. 7</ref>
==Geography==
[[File:Eperjes_-_Church.jpg|left|thumb]]
Prešov lies at an altitude of {{convert|250|m|ft||abbr=unit}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]] and covers an area of {{convert|70.4|km2|sqmi||abbr=unit}}.<ref name="statistics2">{{cite web|title=Municipal Statistics|url=http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071217080336/http://www.statistics.sk/mosmis/eng/run.html|archive-date=17 December 2007|publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak republic}}</ref> It is located in the north-eastern Slovakia, at the northern reaches of the [[Košice Basin]], at the confluence of the [[Torysa (river)|Torysa]] River with its tributary Sekčov. Mountain ranges nearby include [[Slanské vrchy]] (south-east), [[Šarišská vrchovina]] (south-west), Bachureň (west) and Čergov (north). The neighbouring city of Košice is {{convert|34|km|mi||abbr=unit}} to the south. Prešov is about {{convert|50|km|mi||abbr=unit}} south of the Polish border, {{convert|60|km|mi||abbr=unit}} north of the Hungarian border and is some {{convert|410|km|mi||abbr=unit}} northeast of [[Bratislava]] (by road).
===Climate===
Prešov has a warm [[humid continental climate]], bordering an [[oceanic climate]]. Prešov has four distinct seasons and is characterized by a significant variation between somewhat warm summers and slightly cold, snowy winters.{{Clear}}
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Prešov (1991–2020)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 11.5
|Feb record high C = 15.5
|Mar record high C = 22.3
|Apr record high C = 27.9
|May record high C = 32.3
|Jun record high C = 35.1
|Jul record high C = 36.4
|Aug record high C = 35.2
|Sep record high C = 34.3
|Oct record high C = 25.7
|Nov record high C = 20.7
|Dec record high C = 13.8
|year record high C = 36.4
|Jan high C = 0.2
|Feb high C = 2.7
|Mar high C = 8.7
|Apr high C = 15.6
|May high C = 20.4
|Jun high C = 23.9
|Jul high C = 25.7
|Aug high C = 25.8
|Sep high C = 20.1
|Oct high C = 13.8
|Nov high C = 7.1
|Dec high C = 1.2
|year high C = 13.8
|Jan mean C = -2.6
|Feb mean C = -1.0
|Mar mean C = 3.5
|Apr mean C = 9.6
|May mean C = 14.2
|Jun mean C = 17.9
|Jul mean C = 19.4
|Aug mean C = 19.0
|Sep mean C = 13.9
|Oct mean C = 8.7
|Nov mean C = 3.7
|Dec mean C = -1.3
|year mean C = 8.8
|Jan low C = -5.5
|Feb low C = -4.7
|Mar low C = -1.2
|Apr low C = 3.2
|May low C = 7.8
|Jun low C = 11.7
|Jul low C = 13.3
|Aug low C = 12.8
|Sep low C = 8.6
|Oct low C = 4.3
|Nov low C = 0.5
|Dec low C = -4.0
|year low C = 3.9
|Jan record low C = -21.6
|Feb record low C = -22.7
|Mar record low C = -18.0
|Apr record low C = -7.8
|May record low C = -7.2
|Jun record low C = 2.8
|Jul record low C = 5.0
|Aug record low C = 4.7
|Sep record low C = -2.3
|Oct record low C = -11.7
|Nov record low C = -14.3
|Dec record low C = -24.8
|year record low C = -24.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 21.7
|Feb precipitation mm = 24.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 24.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 43.2
|May precipitation mm = 82.8
|Jun precipitation mm = 95.0
|Jul precipitation mm = 110.2
|Aug precipitation mm = 76.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 56.7
|Oct precipitation mm = 53.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 33.0
|Dec precipitation mm = 25.9
|year precipitation mm = 647.9
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.8
|Feb precipitation days = 5.9
|Mar precipitation days = 5.4
|Apr precipitation days = 7.5
|May precipitation days = 10.8
|Jun precipitation days = 10.2
|Jul precipitation days = 11.6
|Aug precipitation days = 8.4
|Sep precipitation days = 7.5
|Oct precipitation days = 7.9
|Nov precipitation days = 6.4
|Dec precipitation days = 6.4
|year precipitation days = 93.9
|Jan snow days = 12.8
|Feb snow days = 11.1
|Mar snow days = 7.3
|Apr snow days = 1.9
|May snow days = 0.0
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.8
|Nov snow days = 5.0
|Dec snow days = 10.9
|year snow days = 49.8
|Jan humidity = 84.7
|Feb humidity = 79.9
|Mar humidity = 71.4
|Apr humidity = 64.0
|May humidity = 70.3
|Jun humidity = 69.9
|Jul humidity = 70.3
|Aug humidity = 72.0
|Sep humidity = 76.0
|Oct humidity = 80.3
|Nov humidity = 85.6
|Dec humidity = 86.8
|year humidity = 75.9
|Jan sun = 46.0
|Feb sun = 68.3
|Mar sun = 132.9
|Apr sun = 181.5
|May sun = 213.9
|Jun sun = 219.1
|Jul sun = 232.8
|Aug sun = 239.2
|Sep sun = 167.0
|Oct sun = 114.0
|Nov sun = 56.1
|Dec sun = 35.2
|year sun = 1706.0
| source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230820200259/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/PRESOV_VOJSKO_11955.csv
| archive-date = 20 August 2023
| url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Slovakia/CSV/PRESOV_VOJSKO_11955.csv
| title = Presov Vojsko Climate Normals 1991–2020
| work = World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020)
| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
| access-date = 20 August 2023}}</ref>
}}
==Demographics==
[[File:Town_Presov_0858.jpg|right|thumb|[[Poseidon|Neptune]] Fountain on Hlavná ulica (the Main Street) in Prešov]]
[[File:Presov Slovakia 1993.JPG|thumb|Memorial – Prešovská Sloboda (Prešov Freedom)]]
===Historic===
[[File:Prešov_dóm.jpg|thumb|The [[Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Prešov|Co-Cathedral of St. Nicholas]] in Prešov]]
[[File:Slovakia Presov 694.JPG|thumb|Greek Catholic Archbishop's and Metropolitan Office and Cathedral on Hlavná (Main Street)]][[File:Presov Slovakia 2091.JPG|thumb|[[Alexander Dukhnovych Theater]]]][[File:Slovakia Presov 632.jpg|thumb|[[Jonas Záborský Theater]]]]
In the past, Prešov was a typical multiethnic town where [[Slovak language|Slovak]], [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], German, and [[Yiddish]] were spoken.
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Population of Prešov according to "mother tongue" 1880–1910<ref>{{cite book|last=Majo|first=Juraj|title=Historicko-demografický lexikón obcí Slovenska|publisher=Štatistický úrad SR|year=2012|isbn=978-80-8121-222-2|location=Bratislava}}</ref>'''
! rowspan="2" |Mother
tongue
! colspan="2" |census 1880
! colspan="2" |census 1890
! colspan="2" |census 1900
! colspan="2" |census 1910
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
!Number
! %
!Number
! %
!Number
! %
!Number
! %
|-
|[[Slovak language|Slovak]]
| align="right" |5,705
| align="right" |56.27%
| align="right" |5,573
| align="right" |53.74%
| align="right" |6,804
| align="right" |47.10%
| align="right" |6,494
| align="right" |39.78%
|-
|[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]
| align="right" |1,963
| align="right" |19.36%
| align="right" |2,670
| align="right" |25.74%
| align="right" |5,513
| align="right" |38.16%
| align="right" |7,976
| align="right" |48.86%
|-
|German
| align="right" |1,889
| align="right" |18.63%
| align="right" |1,786
| align="right" |17.22%
| align="right" |1,705
| align="right" |11.80%
| align="right" |1,404
| align="right" |8.60%
|-
|[[Romanian language|Romanian]]
| align="right" |2
| align="right" |0.02%
| align="right" |4
| align="right" |0.04%
| align="right" |27
| align="right" |0.19%
| align="right" |170
| align="right" |1.04%
|-
|[[Rusyn language|Rusyn]]
| align="right" |162
| align="right" |1.60%
| align="right" |106
| align="right" |1.02%
| align="right" |121
| align="right" |0.84%
| align="right" |47
| align="right" |0.29%
|-
|[[Serbo-Croatian]]
| align="right" |5
| align="right" |0.05%
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
|-
|[[Serbian language|Serbian]]
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" |5
| align="right" |0.05%
| align="right" |5
| align="right" |0.03%
| align="right" |2
| align="right" |0.01%
|-
|[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.0%
| align="right" |6
| align="right" |0.04%
| align="right" |4
| align="right" |0.02%
|-
|[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" |0
| align="right" |0.0%
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
|-
|Other
| align="right" |132
| align="right" |1.30%
| align="right" |227
| align="right" |2.19%
| align="right" |226
| align="right" |1.84%
| align="right" |226
| align="right" |1.38%
|-
|Foreign (non-Hungarian)
| align="right" |30
| align="right" |0.30%
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
|-
|Cannot speak
| align="right" |251
| align="right" |2.48%
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
|-
|- bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" |Total
! colspan="2" |10,139
! colspan="2" |10,317
! colspan="2" |14,447
! colspan="2" |16,323
|}
Before [[World War II]] Prešov was a home for a large Jewish population of 4,300 and housed a major Jewish museum. During 1939 and 1940 the Jewish community absorbed a flow of Jewish refugees from [[German Nazi]]-occupied [[Poland]], and in 1941 additional deportees from [[Bratislava]]. In 1942 a series of deportations of Prešov's Jews to the German Nazi [[death camp]]s in [[Poland]] began. Plaques in the town hall and a memorial in the surviving synagogue record that 2 6,400 Jews were deported from the town under the [[Jozef Tiso|Tiso]] government of the [[First Slovak Republic]]. Only 716 Jewish survivors were found in the city and its surrounding when it was liberated by the Soviet [[Red Army]] in January 1945.{{Citation needed|date=December 2016}}
===Modern===
{{Historical populations
|1910 |16323
|1930 |21377
|1950 |20300
|1970|51917|1980 |68529|1991 |87765|2001 |92786|2011 |91782
|2021 |84824|footnote=source<ref>{{cite web | url=http://population.city/slovakia/presov/ | title=Prešov modern history population }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Statistical lexikon of municipalities 1970-2011|url=https://slovak.statistics.sk/wps/wcm/connect/cd33d897-7314-41d0-a12b-a95e537d7a39/Statisticky_lexikon_obci_Slovenskej_republiky_2011.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy&CVID=kRHTpsy|language=sk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2021 - Population - Basic results|url=https://www.scitanie.sk/obyvatelia/zakladne-vysledky/pocet-obyvatelov/|publisher=Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic|date=2021-01-01}}</ref>
}}
According to the 2011 census, Prešov had 91 782 inhabitants, 81.14% declared [[Slovaks|Slovak]] nationality, 1.70% [[Romani people|Romani]], 1.59% [[Rusyns|Rusyn]], 0,7% [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]], 0.48% [[Czechs|Czech]], 0.14% [[Hungarians|Hungarian]], 13.8% did not declare any nationality.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obyvateľstvo podľa pohlavia a národnosti|url=https://census2011.statistics.sk/SR/V%FDchodn%E9%20Slovensko/Pre%9Aovsk%FD%20kraj/Okres%20Pre%9Aov/Pre%9Aov/TAB.%20115%20Obyvate%BEstvo%20pod%BEa%20pohlavia%20a%20n%E1rodnosti.pdf|access-date=29 December 2016|website=Sčítanie obyvateľov, domov a bytov 2011|publisher=Štatistický úrad SR|language=sk}}</ref>
== Religion ==
=== Roman Catholic Church ===
Prešov is the seat of the Roman [[Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Prešov|Co-Cathedral of St. Nicholas]]. The city is part of the metropolitan Košice Archdiocese.
=== Greek Catholic Church ===
Prešov is the seat of the [[Slovak Greek Catholic Church|Slovak Greek Catholic metropolis]] and the [[Slovak Catholic Metropolitan Archeparchy of Prešov|Prešov Greek Catholic Archeparchy]], which was founded on November 3, 1815, by [[Emperor Francis II]].
=== Orthodox Church ===
The Prešov Orthodox Diocese was established after World War II by the division of the Mukachevo-Prešov Orthodox Diocese. The Cathedral of St. Prince Alexander Nevsky was built between 1946 and 1950 in the traditional Russian style.
=== Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession ===
Prešov is also the seat of the diocese of the [[Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia|Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession]] in Slovakia.
=== Religious education ===
There are two theological faculties in the city – the Greek Catholic Theological Faculty and the Orthodox Theological Faculty. Both are part of the [[University of Prešov]].
=== Religious make-up ===
The religious make-up was 55.8% [[Roman Catholics]], 12.44% people with no religious affiliation, 8.15% [[Slovak Greek Catholic Church|Greek Catholics]], 4.05% [[Lutherans]], 1.55% [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]], 17.16% did not declare any religious affiliation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Obyvateľstvo podľa pohlavia a náboženského vyznania|url=https://census2011.statistics.sk/SR/V%FDchodn%E9%20Slovensko/Pre%9Aovsk%FD%20kraj/Okres%20Pre%9Aov/Pre%9Aov/TAB.%20118%20Obyvate%BEstvo%20pod%BEa%20pohlavia%20a%20n%E1bo%9Eensk%E9ho%20vyznania.pdf|access-date=29 December 2016|website=Sčítanie obyvateľov, domov a bytov 2011|publisher=Štatistický úrad SR|language=sk}}</ref> On the contrary, we see an increase in the number of atheists, Greek Catholics and the unidentified.
== Culture ==
=== Theaters ===
* [[Alexander Dukhnovych Theater]]
* [[Jonas Záborský Theater]]
* CILILING Children's Theater (www.cililing.sk)
* Babadlo Children's Theater
* DRaK Children's Theater
* Portal Theater
* Theater studio in Hlavná
* Erik Németh Theater
* Prešov National Theater
* Black Eagle Culture and Recreation Park
* Viola – center for art
[[File:Prešov, Divadlo Jonáša Záborského.jpg|thumb|The historic building of the Jonáš Záborský Theater]]
[[File:PKO Čierny orol.jpg|thumb|Black Eagle Culture and Recreation Park (Park kultúry a oddychu Čierny orol)]]
[[File:Okružná - galéria.jpg|thumb|Exterior gallery on Okružná street]]
=== Museums ===
* Regional Museum
* [[Slovak National Museum#Specialized museums and departments|Museum of Ruthenian Culture SNM]]
* Solivar Museum
* Barkány's collection of Judaica – exposition of the [[Museum of Jewish Culture]] in the [[Prešov Synagogue]]
* Wine Museum
=== Galleries ===
* Šariš Gallery
* Caraffa Prison Gallery
* Wall Gallery
* Creative Design Gallery
* Atrium Gallery
* J.D Galéria J.L – exterior gallery on Okružná street, showing paintings of historical Prešov
=== Libraries ===
* [https://www.kniznica-poh.sk/ P. O. Hviezdoslav Library in Prešov]
* [https://www.svkpo.sk/ State Scientific Library Prešov]
* University Library of the [[University of Prešov]]
=== Cinemas ===
* Scala (former Panorama Cinema)
* Cinemax Max (5 halls)
* Cinemax Novum (8 halls)
* Star OC Eperia (5 halls)
* Garden Cinema
* Prešov Amphitheater
=== Science ===
* Regional Observatory and Planetarium
* Unipolab – science park of the University of Prešov
=== Music ===
Thanks to the lively musical life and the success of Prešov's music production, the city of Prešov has earned the nickname "Slovak Seattle"<ref>{{Cite web|last=prolidi.cz|title=RECENZE: S optimismem nejdál dojdeš|url=https://musicserver.cz/clanek/13422/Chiki-liki-tu-a-Dvojkilometrovy-jelen/|access-date=2021-12-16|website=musicserver.cz|language=cs}}</ref><ref>Prešov. Presov.info/sk (in Slovak)</ref><ref>Predstavujeme skupinu Hrdza. Folk.sk (in Slovak)</ref><ref>Prečo prezývajú Prešov "slovenský Seattle". Frenky.sk. (in Slovak)</ref> or "City of Music" long ago, mainly through the media. However, many musicians from Prešov work not only within their hometown or region, but also reap success in the whole of [[Slovakia]], neighboring countries or even Europe.
However, not only the number of mainstream successful musicians contributed to the musical life of the city, in the past and today, but also more or less (un) known groups and musical subcultures, steadily operating in the city foothills (genres: [[Metal music|metal]], [[punk rock|punk]], alternative scene, [[Gospel music|gospel]], [[Pop rock|pop-rock]], [[Folk music|folk]], [[jazz]], [[country music|country]]), concert rooms and clubs (Véčko, Bizarre, Christiania, City Club, Stromoradie, Za siedmimi oknami, Wave, Ester rock club, Netopier, Staré Mexico, Insomnia), rock shows of bands with a long tradition (Rock League, over 20 years, Prešov student Liverpool, 6 years, Ladder), but also festivals (Sigortus, Dobrý festival, (t)urbanfest, ImROCK FEST, East Side Music Festival, Festival zlej hudby, Farfest, or Jazz Prešov).
Important events include the Dni mesta Prešov (Days of the City of Prešov), which are held annually on the occasion of the celebrations of the first written mention of the city (as of 2021, 774th anniversary). The celebrations usually include open-air concerts right in the center on Hlavná Street, whereas several guests from the domestic and European alternative scene took turns throughout the years. That includes: Deti Picasso (Russia), Myster Möbius (France/[[Hungary]]), Masfél ([[Hungary]]), [[Prague]] Selection II.; [[Laura a její tygři]] ([[Czech Republic]]), Srečna Mladina ([[Slovenia]]), Squartet (Italy), but also Slovak groups Heľenine Oči, Chiki liki tu-a, Arzén, Mango Molas, Alter Ego, Kapátske chrbáty a Komajota.
Part of the city's celebrations are also side stages, where young bands can also try their luck.
In 2009, the first Prešov film festival. ''Bastion film festival'', was established. The festival takes place on the historic wall behind the Franciscan Church. The organizers are PKO Prešov and Prešov composer and guitarist [[David Kollar]].
After many years, the constant influx and modification of music groups, which are often enforced throughout Slovakia, required documentation, which took place through the Internet database of Prešov bands and performers under the name Frenky's Music Encyclopedia. Historically and currently, the ever-growing database of Prešov musicians is run by Michal Frank, a journalist and editor-in-chief of the Prešov Korzár.
''Významní prešovskí hudobníci a kapely'':
* [[Ivan Tásler]]
* [[Peha]]
* [[Katarína Knechtová]]
* Groovin’ Heads
* Chiki liki tu-a
* [[Katarína Koščová|Katka Koščová]]
* Heľenine oči
* Mloci
* [[Peter Lipa]]
* [[David Kollar]]
* Hrdza
* Komajota
* Nuda
* Peter Nagy
* Grand Band
* Frown
* Raindown
* Strecha
* AMC Trio
* IMT Smile
* Edo Klena
== Buildings ==
[[File:Presov12Slovakia40.JPG|thumb|Bosák's house]]
[[File:Presov_-_historic_houses_and_St._Nicolaus_Church.jpg|thumb|Historic houses and St. Nicolaus Church]]
[[File:Presov10Slovakia560.JPG|thumb|Church of [[Saint Joseph|St. Joseph]] (Franciscan)]]
[[File:Ortodoxná synagóga.jpg|thumb|Orthodox synagogue on Okružná street]]
[[File:Floriánova ulica.jpg|thumb|Floriánova street]]
* State Scientific Library
* Culture and Recreation Park
* Observatory and planetarium
* Fountains and small fountains in Prešov
* New Jonáš Záborský Theater
* Jonáš Záborský Historical Theater
* White House (PSK headquarters)
=== Historical monuments ===
* [[Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, Prešov|Cathedral of St. John the Baptist]], which houses the remains of the Blessed Martyrs of Prešov [[Pavel Peter Gojdič|bl. Pavel Petr Gojdič]] and [[Vasil Hopko|Vasil Hopek]] and a faithful copy of the Turin Canvas.
* [[Co-Cathedral of Saint Nicholas, Prešov|Co-Cathedral of St. Nicholas]]
* Church of [[St. Alexander Nevsky]]
* Bosák's house (bank)
* Caraffa Prison (gallery)
* Florian's Gate
* Gothic gate
* Sculpture of the Immaculate Conception
* Sculpture of [[Saint Roch|St. Roch]]
* Evangelical College
* Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession
* Church of [[Saint Joseph|St. Joseph]]
* Greek Catholic Episcopal Palace
* Rákóczi Palace – the seat of the Regional Museum
* Klobušický Palace – seat of the Regional Court
* Tauth's house
* Weber's house
* De Rossi's House
* Szyrmayi Curia – the seat of the Orthodox Theological Faculty of [[University of Prešov]]
* Old town school
* Wierdt House – the seat of the regional monument office
* Prešov Calvary – an important monument from the first half of the 18th century. Construction began in 1721 and was completed around 1752. The construction was led by the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]], who administered the Roman Catholic parish. Calvary consists of 16 baroque chapels and a church in honor of the St. Cross, which is built on the highest point
* Historic town hall
* Jewish Synagogue – it houses the Judaica Museum of the Jewish Culture of the [[Slovak National Museum|Slovak National Museum in Bratislava]] (one of the most beautiful synagogues in Slovakia)
* Neological synagogue on Konštantínova street
* Sancta Maria Institute – the seat of the [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasium]] on Konštantínova Street
* Kumšt – originally a bastion, rebuilt into the Vodárenská bastion, Jewish Museum (1929–1939), since 1947 under the administration of the Regional Museum in Prešov
* Blacksmith's bastion
* Franciscan Bastion
* Remains of the city fortifications
* Church of [[Donatus of Muenstereifel]] on Cemjata
* Neptune Fountain
* [[Jonas Záborský Theater]]
* Black Eagle Culture and Recreation Park
* Alexander Duchnovič Theater – Pulský Palace
* Dry mill
* Solivar National Cultural Monument
* Church of [[Saint Stephen|St. Stephen]] on Hrádku – Salt Castle (Castrum Salis), Solivar
* Water tower (currently a lookout tower), Táborisko
* Renaissance manor-house in Nižná Šebastová
* Parish Church of the Blessed Name of Jesus and Mary and Franciscan Monastery, Nižná Šebastová
* Statue of Christ in Rio de Janeiro on Trojica
* Statue of [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]]
* Historic underground reservoir on Calvary
=== Castles ===
[[File:Šarišský hrad.jpg|thumb|The area of Šariš Castle in winter]]
Prešov has the largest number of preserved castle ruins among all the regional towns in its vicinity, which led to the creation of the Prešov Castle Road project in 2019. The aim was to connect these castles with an imaginary tourist line and thus support the development of tourism in Prešov and its surroundings. 6 castles took part in the Prešov Castle Road project, namely:
* [[Šariš Castle]]
* Kapušany Castle
* Zbojnícky Castle
* Lipov Castle
* Obišov Castle
* Šebeš Castle
=== Parks ===
[[File:Cemjata lesopark.jpg|thumb|Cemjata Lesopark – Fermented water (Kvašná voda)]]
[[File:Borkút lesopark.jpg|thumb|Borkút lesopark]]
The construction of a central city park, situated between the Sekčov housing estate and Táborisko, is being prepared. In addition to the planned central city park, there are several parks and parks in Prešov:
Northern Park – near Trojica, there is a sculpture of the Immaculate Conception
* South Park – Hlavná Street, includes a monument to the liberators and the Neptune Fountain
* Garden of Art – Svätoplukova street
* Manor garden – Nižná Šebastová
* Kolman's garden
* Sculpture park by the amphitheater
* [[John of Nepomuk|St. John of Nepomuk]] Park – Nižná Šebastová
* Legionary Square Park
* Park artillerymen's Lesík
* Čierny Most Park
* Sekčov Park
* Clementisova Park
* Youth Square Park
* Zabíjaná Lesopark
* Cemjata Lesopark
* Borkút Lesopark
==Sports==
===Football===
Prešov is home to one professional [[Association football|football]] team: [[1. FC Tatran Prešov]] which is the oldest football team in Slovakia.
===Ice hockey===
The city's ice hockey club is [[HC 21 Prešov|HC Prešov]]. Home arena of Prešov is ICE Arena and it has capacity of 3600 visitors. Prešov had hockey team since 1928 ([[HC Prešov Penguins]]) but in 2019 it has folded.
===Handball===
The city's handball club is [[HT Tatran Prešov]] which is Slovakia's most popular and currently most successful club. The handball team of Prešov is taking part not only in the Slovak league (where it is dominating), but also in the international [[SEHA League]] with the best handball teams from the region. Many handball players from this team are also members of the [[Slovakia men's national handball team|Slovak national handball team]].
=== Other ===
* City multipurpose sports hall
* Tatran Handball Arena (home stadium HT Tatran Prešov)
* Women's Handball Hall – Sídlisko II, by the river [[Torysa (river)|Torysa]], near [[Kaufland]]
* ICE Arena (home stadium HC Prešov)
* [[University of Prešov]] Hall
* [[Velodrome]] Prešov
* Bike Center Prešov, Pumptrack and Dirt track, Sekčov
== Regular events ==
* Academic Prešov – student art festival
* Turbanfest – a festival of alternative music, theaters and workshops
* Prešov Music Spring (classical music concerts)
* Golden Barrel – a show of cartoonists from around the world
* Slovak Libraries Week
* Earth Day
* Evening run through Prešov
* Šariš hackathon
* Prešov Half Marathon
* Lear Run
* Tour de Prešov – cycling marathon
* Santa's run
* Santa's gift
* Salt day
* Salt Fair, connected with the International Museum Day
* The bobbin lace festival – the international participation of bobbins – lasts 1 week. The first days are the courses of bobbin lace and by the end of the week, the event itself is connected with the demonstration of bobbin and the sale of everything related to this technique
* Good festival
* Bad music festival
* Days of the city of Prešov
* Discovering Prešov
* Prešov Trinity Fair and festival of historical fencing and craft groups
* Prešov Cultural Summer
* Beer Festival – equestrian complex in Sídlisko III
* Muvina – wine show
* Church night
* Prešov markets and parkour races
* Prešov Music Autumn (classical music concerts)
* JAZZ Prešov – International Jazz Festival
* Jazz rock festival
* Súťaž mladých barmanov a čašníkov – EUROCUP
* IMAGE – Fashion Show
* Opal grain – business competition
* Gorazdov literary Prešov
* Farmers markets
* Prešov Student Liverpool – Young musical talents
* Christmas Salon – exhibition of Prešov artists
* Prešov Christmas Markets
* New Year's Eve – a joint celebration of the New Year
* Guitar Night
* Prešov likes to read
== Economy and infrastructure ==
=== Industrial parks ===
The following industrial parks and industrial zones are located in Prešov:
* Priemyselný park IPZ Prešov – Záborské (''Industrial park IPZ Prešov – Záborské'')
* CTPark Prešov south
* CTPark Prešov north
* Priemyselný park Záturecká (''Záturecká Industrial park'')
* Priemyselný park Grófske (''Grófske Industrial park'' – under construction)
* Priemyselný areál Šalgovík (''Šalgovík industrial area'')
* Priemyselná zóna Budovateľská (''Budovateľská Industrial zone'')
* Priemyselná zóna Širpo (''Širpo Industrial zone'')
* Priemyselná zóna Delňa (''Delňa Industrial zone'')
=== Transport ===
[[File:Západný obchvat diaľnice D1, mesto Prešov 19 Slovakia8.jpg|thumb|Construction of the southwestern bypass of Prešov]]
[[File:Nábrežná komun. 17.11.2011.jpg|thumb|The inner bypass of Prešov, the so-called Waterfront communication]]
[[File:Škoda 30Tr.jpg|thumb|One of the newest types of trolleybuses in Prešov – Trolleybus Škoda 30Tr SOR]]
==== Traffic ====
Prešov is connected by the [[D1 motorway (Slovakia)|D1 motorway]] to the south with [[Košice]], to the west with [[Poprad]] and [[Ružomberok]]. The completion of its connecting sections enabling motorway connections to [[Bratislava]] and [[Žilina]] is expected in 2024. A high-quality connection with [[Poland]] via [[Svidník]] and [[Hungary]] is to be provided by the [[R4 expressway (Slovakia)|R4 expressway]].
Today, Prešov has a southwestern motorway [[Bypass (road)|bypass]], which has been under construction since 2017 and was officially opened on October 28, 2021. The southwestern bypass of Prešov forms part of the D1 motorway in the section Prešov – west and Prešov – south. Since 2019, the 1st stage of the northern bypass from the Prešov – West (Vydumanec) junction to the Prešov – North (Dúbrava) junction, which will be part of the R4 expressway, has been under construction. After the overall construction, the Prešov motorway bypass will bypass the whole city, divert transit traffic in all directions and connect the D1 with the R4. It will start at D1 Prešov – South junction, continue towards the northwest, to the Prešov – West junction, there it will connect to the already completed parts of the D1 motorway, at this junction the R4 will connect to D1. Completion of the construction of the 1st stage (PO west-PO north) of the northern bypass R4 is planned for the summer of 2023 and the 2nd stage (PO north-PO east) is now under the tender with planned opening in 2027.
International routes of European importance E50 and E371, first class roads I/18, I/68 and I/20 and second class road 546 pass through Prešov. In 2017, the last stage of the so-called Embankment communication (Nábrežná komunikácia), including the reconstruction of the intersection at ZVL, which relieved the city center of transit traffic.
==== City transport ====
Urban public transport is provided by the Transport Company of the City of Prešov (''Dopravný podnik mesta Prešov, a. s.''), which operates a total of 45 regular public transport lines by the following means of transport:
* trolleybuses (lines: 1, 2, 4, 5, 5D, 7, 8, 38)
* buses (daily lines: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 32A, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, night lines: N1, N2)
==== Vehicle fleet MHD ====
Today, the following vehicles are operated in MHD (''Metská hromadná doprava'' – Public transport) Prešov:
* trolleybuses: Škoda 24 Tr Irisbus, Škoda 31 Tr SOR, Škoda 30 Tr SOR, SOR TNS 12, Škoda 27 Tr Solaris
* buses: Solaris Urbino 12, Irisbus Citelis 12M, Irisbus Citelis 18M, Iveco First FCLLI, SOR NB 12 City, SOR NB 18 City, Solaris Urbino 18, Irisbus Crossway LE 12M, SOR BN 10.5 (leased from [[Dopravný podnik Bratislava|DPB]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=imhd.sk|title=SOR BN 10.5|url=https://imhd.sk/po/popis-typu-vozidla/875/SOR-BN-10-5|access-date=2021-12-22|website=imhd.sk Prešov|language=sk}}</ref>), SOR EBN 8
==== History of public transport ====
[[File:Škoda 31 Tr SOR 17.11.2011.jpg|thumb|Trolleybus Škoda 31Tr SOR]]
[[File:706 MPR Presov.JPG|thumb|Low-floor trolleybuses have been running in Prešov since 2006. The Škoda 24Tr on Hlavná Street on line 1 goes on the oldest section of the track to the town of Solivar]]
The history of public transport in Prešov began in 1949, when Local Transport was established, a municipal enterprise of the city of Prešov as the operator of regular public transport in the territory of Prešov. After the end of [[World War II]], it was not possible to start public transport with a new vehicle fleet, so an offer was accepted for the purchase of older Tatra vehicles from public transport facilities in [[Prague]], [[Plzeň]] and [[Bratislava]]. The vehicles were initially parked in the courtyard of the old prison on Konštantínova Street, where the company was also located. On September 4, 1949, the traffic on the first lines was ceremoniously opened. Already in the first year of operation, the Prešov public transport buses went beyond the city limits to the municipalities of [[Šarišské Lúky]], [[Nižná Šebastová]], [[Haniska, Prešov District|Haniska]] and [[Solivar]]. The following year, the development of public transport continued with the introduction of additional bus lines. The state hospital, Záhrady, Sídlisko II, Budovateľská and Čapajevova street were gradually connected to the public transport network in the 1950s, as well as other municipalities: the town of [[Veľký Šariš]] and its part [[Kanaš]], [[Malý Šariš]], [[Ľubotice]], [[Fintice]], [[Teriakovce]] and [[Záborské]]. In 1959, the first night line began operating and the company was located on its own premises on Petrovanská Street, where it moved in 1951. The year 1958, when the construction of the trolleybus network in the city was approved, brought a new stage in the development of urban transport. All high-capacity intra-city lines were to be electrified, while bus transport was to remain ancillary. Line 1 Was the first to be electrified, which led from Nižná Šebastová through Šarišské Lúky to Solivar. Although its construction was delayed by several technical problems, on May 13, 1962, passengers got to experience trolleybuses. A new depot for trolleybuses and buses was completed in Šarišské Lúky, where the entire vehicle fleet as well as the company's administration moved. Work on other sections soon began, so in 1966 trolleybuses were already running on Košická, Sabinovská and Budovateľská streets. and Gottwald today 17 Novembra Street. In the first half of the 1970s, the track along Sabinovská Street was extended to Dúbrava and trolleybuses also began to serve industrial [[Širpo]]. Other projects of lines to Sídlisko III, Šváby, Haniska and Delňa could no longer be carried out. Under the influence of cheap oil, buses also began to gain ground in Prešov. Bus transport recorded a quantitative development, when buses also started to run to Táborisko, Šidlovec, Cemjata, on Pod Kamennou baňou Street and Sídlisko III. In terms of quality, however, this mode of transport has struggled with constant difficulties such as the lack of vehicles, their low capacity and breakdown. These shortcomings were not gradually overcome until the late 1970s. Nevertheless, due to the non-construction of the trolleybus line to Sídlisko III, the service of which was crucial at that time, the buses fully prevailed. The period of the turn of the 1970s and 1980s, when the possibilities of public transport were significantly limited by the lack of fuel, pointed to the suitability of trolleybus transport. Following a review at government level, the electrification program was re-launched. Sídlisko III was the first to be connected to the trolleybus transport network (1985). Trolleybuses achieved a majority share in public transport in the city of Prešov after 1992, when trolleybus transport was introduced to the largest housing estate Sekčov. The issue of the tariff in Prešov has always been characterized by an ever-changing number of tariff bands, on the basis of which the rates for individual journeys were set. In 1949, there were three fare zones, and it was possible to change to another vehicle on one ticket. In 1969, single-ticket transfers were canceled and the number of bands was reduced to two. Since 1984, the government's acreage has simplified the tariff and there has been no division of the network into bands. Different fares for travel to neighboring municipalities were reintroduced in 1993 and existed until 1996. Special rates also applied in 1997 – 99 and again in 2000. Tickets were originally bought from the guide directly in the vehicle, later sold by the driver, respectively a ticketing machine was installed in the vehicle. In 1977, the sale of tickets outside the vehicle was introduced. Since 1995, it is again possible to buy a ticket from the driver, but at an increased price. Public transport is improved by the gradual renewal of the vehicle fleet, focused on low-floor vehicles, the introduction of computer technology into traffic management as well as the reconstruction of track sections of the trolleybus track and overhauls of vehicles. In the future, it is planned to expand ecological trolleybus transport to the Šváby housing estate and the second connection of the city center and the Sekčov housing estate along Rusínská Street.
[[File:Slovakia Presov 354.JPG|thumb|Prešov railway station]]
==== Rail transport ====
Three railway lines Košice – Muszyna with a connection to Poland, the line Prešov – Humenné and Prešov – Bardejov pass through the city. The length of the railway network in the city is {{Convert|16.7|km|mi|abbr=unit}}. In 2007, the main railway station in Prešov was modernized, and in 2019, the pre-station area was reconstructed, including the underpass under Masarykova Street, as well as MHD (Public transport) stops.
The following railway stations and stops are located in Prešov:
* [[Prešov railway station]] – Main station
* Prešov Railway stop – Old Town
* Šarišské Lúky railway station
* Prešov Railway station – [[Nižná Šebastová]]
As part of the integrated transport project, the construction of other railway stops in the city is also planned.
[[File:Autobusová stanica SAD Prešov 20 Slovakia.jpg|thumb|Prešov bus station]]
==== Bus transport ====
The main bus transport operator in the Prešov self-governing region is the company SAD Prešov, a.s., which provides suburban, long-distance and international transport. Suburban transport is performed on 63 bus lines serving the districts of Prešov, Bardejov, Sabinov, Svidník, Košice surroundings, Košice, Vranov nad Topľou, Stropkov, Stará Ľubovňa and Levoča. The main transport terminal in Prešov within the bus service is the Prešov Bus Station. SAD Prešov, a.s. in addition to the performance of suburban, long-distance and international transport,also ensures the performance of public transport in Bardejov.
==== Air transport ====
There is currently no public civil airport in Prešov. There is an [[Prešov Air Base|air base]] in the Nižná Šebastová district.
[[File:EuroVelo.jpg|thumb|International cycle route EuroVelo 11]]
[[File:Cyklomost.jpg|thumb|Bicycle bridge under Šariš Castle]]
==== Bicycle transport ====
The international cycle route of European significance EuroVelo 11 leads through the functional territory of the city of Prešov, which passes through the cadastres of the municipalities of [[Veľký Šariš]], Prešov, [[Haniska, Prešov District|Haniska]] and [[Kendice]]. The route is a part of the General Cycling Route as branch H1 – the main cycling route and belongs to the strategic goals of the Prešov self-governing region, as the main axis of the region. V súčasnosti je v rámci EuroVelo 11 prevádzke súvislá cyklotrasa v trase Wilec hôrka – Mestská hala – Sídlisko II – Sídlisko III – Veľký Šariš – Šarišské Michaľany. A part of this route is also a bicycle bridge under the Šariš Castle with a historical look, which has become a new sought-after attraction. Another important cycling route is the so-called a cycle railway leading from Solivar in Prešov to the [[Sigord]] recreational area. In addition to these important cycle routes, there are a number of other local cycle routes in Prešov in various parts of the city. So far, the newest cycle routes in Prešov are the cycle route on Masarykova Street, completed in 2019 and the Mlynský náhon cycle route, completed in 2020. Their completion was ensured by the cycling connection of Sídlisko III with the city center and with the Sekčov and Šváby housing estates. In 2020, a new cycle route was also completed at the Sekčov housing estate on the route from Laca Novomeského Street to [[Šalgovík]]. For lovers of mountain biking, there are Prešov singletracks available in the Prešov forests, which together form eight routes of varying difficulty with a total length of approximately 20&nbsp;km (12.4&nbsp;mi). Prešov singletracks are one of the most attractive cycling areas in Prešov and its surroundings. They are well marked and maintained in excellent condition. The routes lead through Malkovská hôrka, to the recreation center Cemjata (Kyslá and Kvašná voda), to Borkút and it is also possible to get to the Calvary in Prešov.
== Healthcare ==
The largest providers of health care in Prešov are the following public and private facilities:
* University Hospital with J. A. Raiman Polyclinic Prešov (Fakultná nemocnica s poliklinikou J. A. Raimana Prešov)
* Military hospital (Vojenská nemocnica)
* Oáza General Hospital (Všeobecná nemocnica Oáza)
* Polyclinic Prešov (Poliklinika Prešov)
* Polyclinic ProCare Prešov (Poliklinika ProCare Prešov)
* St. Elizabeth Hospital
* Analytical-diagnostic laboratory and outpatient clinics (Analyticko-diagnostické laboratórium a ambulancie (AdLa))
* Sofyc Clinic – one-day surgery clinic (Sofyc Clinic – klinika jednodňovej chirurgie)
* Gynstar – one-day care in the field of gynecology and obstetrics (Gynstar – jednodňová starostlivosť v odbore gynekológia a pôrodníctvo)
In addition to these facilities, medical services are also provided by other smaller clinics and health centers.
[[File:Univerzita Prešov 18 Slovakia.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Arts, [[University of Prešov]] in Prešov]]
==Education==
Institutions of tertiary education in the city are the [[University of Prešov]] with 12,600 students, including 867 doctoral students,<ref name="uips242">{{cite web|title=Technická univerzita Košice|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P24.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227040640/http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P24.PDF|archive-date=27 February 2008|access-date=4 March 2008|publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva|language=sk}}</ref> and the private [[International Business College ISM Slovakia in Prešov]], with 455 students.<ref name="uips372">{{cite web|title=Vysoká škola medzinárodného podnikania ISM Slovakia|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P37.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070508192338/http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/VS_P37.PDF|archive-date=8 May 2007|access-date=4 March 2008|publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva|language=sk}}</ref> In addition, the Faculty of Manufacturing Technologies of the [[Technical University of Košice]] is based in the city.
There are 15 public primary schools, six private primary schools and two religious primary schools.<ref name="uips6">{{cite web|year=2006|title=Prehľad základných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZS_P7.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409203403/http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZS_P7.PDF|archive-date=9 April 2008|access-date=4 March 2008|publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva|language=sk|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Overall, they enroll 9,079 pupils.<ref name="uips6" /> The city's system of secondary education consists of 10 [[Gymnasium (school)|gymnasia]] with 3,675 students,<ref name="uips22">{{cite web|title=Prehľad gymnázií v školskom roku 2006/2007|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/GYM_P7.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409203357/http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/GYM_P7.PDF|archive-date=9 April 2008|access-date=4 March 2008|publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva|language=sk}}</ref> 4 specialized high schools with 5,251 students<ref name="uips32">{{cite web|title=Prehľad stredných odborných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOS_P7.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409203349/http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOS_P7.PDF|archive-date=9 April 2008|access-date=4 March 2008|publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva|language=sk}}</ref> and 11 vocational schools with 5,028 students.<ref name="uips42">{{cite web|title=Prehľad združených stredných škôl v školskom roku 2006/2007|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZSS_P7.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409203416/http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/ZSS_P7.PDF|archive-date=9 April 2008|access-date=4 March 2008|publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva|language=sk}}</ref><ref name="uips52">{{cite web|title=Prehľad stredných odborných učilíšť a učilíšť v školskom roku 2006/2007|url=http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOU_P8.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227040613/http://www.uips.sk/statis/pdf/SOU_P8.PDF|archive-date=27 February 2008|access-date=4 March 2008|publisher=Ústav informácií a prognóz školstva|language=sk}}</ref>
==Business==
There are several business (shopping) centers in Prešov. EPERIA Shopping Mall<ref>{{Cite web|last=SCR|title=Eperia – Shopping mall|url=https://www.eperia.sk/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=eperia.sk|language=sk}}</ref> has taken its name according to historic city name Eperies. It is located at the river bank Sekčov, between the "Hobby park"<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hobby Park Prešov|url=https://atrios.sk/projekt/hobby-park-presov/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=Atrios|language=sk}}</ref> at the west side (with DIY chain store HORNBACH<ref>{{Cite web|title=HORNBACH Prešov -|url=https://www.hornbach.sk/moja-predajna/predajna-presov/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=HORNBACH|language=sk}}</ref>) and STOP-SHOP point<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vitajte na stránke STOP SHOP Prešov|url=https://stop-shop.com/sk/slovensko/presov|access-date=2021-12-22|website=stop-shop.com|language=sk}}</ref> from south side. Total shopping area of all three units is approximately 140.000 sq m.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://atrios.sk/hobby-park-v-presove-je-kompletny-20-milionovy-projekt-dotvara-nova-predajna-asko-nabytok/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924080032/https://atrios.sk/hobby-park-v-presove-je-kompletny-20-milionovy-projekt-dotvara-nova-predajna-asko-nabytok/ |archive-date=24 September 2020 |title=Hobby Park v Prešove je kompletný: Predajňa ASKO otvorená {{!}} Atrios}}</ref> Recently new-opened Shopping Mall NOVUM<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mapa &#124; Novum Prešov – Nové srdce Šariša|url=https://novumpresov.sk/mapa/}}</ref> in the very heart of city centre with 33.000 sq. m is the second largest. There are also ZOC-Max Prešov SC,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Obchody a mapa {{!}} Zábavno-obchodné a nákupné centrum ZOC MAX Prešov|url=https://www.zoc-max.sk/presov/mapa-centra-a-prevadzky|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.zoc-max.sk|language=sk}}</ref> ZOC Koral,<ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=ZOC Koral – Kongresová sála, Safari Park, Reštaurácia, Bowling a Laser Game,Prešov|url=https://www.zockoral.sk/|access-date=2021-12-22|website=ZOC Koral|language=sk-SK}}</ref> Solivaria SC<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mapa areáu – SOLIVARIA obchodné centrum|url=https://www.solivaria.com/mapa-arealu|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.solivaria.com|language=sk}}</ref> and close Lubotice Retail Park.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.retailparklubotice.sk/ |title = Retail park Ľubotice}}</ref> with an additional area together of cca 40.000 sq. m.
One of the most favorite popular locations in Prešov is Plaza Beach Resort.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Plaza Beach Resort – Reštaurácia, Letné kúpalisko, Hotel, Wellnes – Prešov|url=https://www.plazabeach.sk/sk|access-date=2021-12-22|website=www.plazabeach.sk}}</ref> It is an exotic place in a cozy and calm city area, consisting of a luxury hotel with a restaurant and outside swimming pools. The resort has been built in a Mediterranean style.
==Hiking trails==
* [[European walking route E8]]
** Prešov – [[Miháľov]] – [[Kurimka]] – [[Dukla]] – [[Iwonicz-Zdrój]] – [[Rymanów-Zdrój]] – [[Puławy (województwo podkarpackie)|Puławy]] – [[Tokarnia (peak)|Tokarnia]] (778 m) – Kamień (717 m) – [[Komańcza]] – [[Cisna]] – [[Ustrzyki Górne]] – [[Tarnica]] – [[Wołosate]]
==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovakia}}
Prešov is [[Twin towns|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Partnerské mestá|url=https://www.presov.sk/partnerske-mesta.html|access-date=2 September 2019|publisher=Prešov|language=sk}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*[[Brugherio]], Italy
*[[Gabrovo]], Bulgaria
*[[Keratsini]], Greece
*[[La Courneuve]], France
*[[Mukachevo]], Ukraine
*[[Nowy Sącz]], Poland
*[[Nyíregyháza]], Hungary
*[[Pittsburgh]], United States
*[[Prague 10|Prague 10 (Prague)]], Czech Republic
*[[Remscheid]], Germany
*[[Rishon LeZion]], Israel
*[[Malatya]], Turkey
{{div col end}}
== Panorama ==
{{Wide image|Town Presov Slovakia Pano.jpg|1000px|View from Calvary (2006)}}
==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Christmas11Slovakia1.JPG|Christmas congratulation from Prešov
File:Presov10Slovakia669.JPG|Cathedral of St. John the Baptist
File:Presov10Slovakia37.JPG|Cathedral of St. Nicholas
File:Presov10Slovakia180.JPG|Historical building of the college
File:Prešov4.JPG|Renaissance House Sigismund Rákóczi
File:Slovakia Town Presov 217a.jpg|Late Gothic Caraffa prison
File:Slovakia Town Presov Pc 230.jpg|Synagogue
File:Town Presov Slovakia Pb194.jpg|Blacksmith bastion
File:Town Presov Slovakia Pb203.jpg|Town hall
File:Presov11Nevskykatedrala3.jpg|Orthodox Cathedral of St. Prince A. Nevsky
File:Slovakia Presov 728.JPG|Calvary
File:Presov Slovakia 1286.JPG|Immaculata
File:Presov10Slovakia593.JPG|Statue of St. Rochus
File:Presov Slovakia 1293.JPG|Main Street
File:Presov10Slovakia668.JPG|Bishop's Palace Greek Catholic Church
File:Presov10Slovakia628.JPG|Slovak street
File:Slovakia Presov 699.JPG|Remnants of city walls
File:Presov10Slovakia756.JPG|Franciscan Church of St. Joseph
File:Hobby Park Presov.jpg|alt=https://atrios.sk/referencia/hobby-park-presov/|Hobby Park Presov
</gallery>
==Bibliography==
* {{Cite book|last=Horváth|first=Tibor|title=Szlovákia|publisher=Cartographia|year=1999|isbn=963-353-180-2|edition=1st|location=Budapest|language=hu}}
* {{Cite book|last=Javor|first=Martin|url=http://www.mcpo.sk/downloads/Publikacie/SpolPred/SPDEJ200502.pdf|title=Heraldika na východnom Slovensku|publisher=Metodicko-pedagogické centrum v Prešove|year=2010|location=Prešov|page=38|language=sk|trans-title=Heraldry in Eastern Slovakia|access-date=29 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080920201407/http://www.mcpo.sk/downloads/Publikacie/SpolPred/SPDEJ200502.pdf#|archive-date=20 September 2008|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060504121156/http://www.presov.sk/browse.php?i_id_category=257 Official History of Prešov]
* Prešov town hall (July 2002), Prešov – city profile. Retrieved in June 2004 from http://www.pis.sk/jpis/obsah/html/presov_profile.htm.
== See also ==
* [[List of people from Prešov]]
* [[University of Prešov]]
* [[Executive Court of Prešov]]
* [[Šariš (beer)|Šariš Brewery]]
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
* [https://www.presov.sk/ Official website]
* [http://www.dpmp.sk/ DPMP – Public Transport Official Site]
{{Presov District}}{{Slovak Seats}}{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Presov}}
[[Category:Prešov| ]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Slovakia]]
[[Category:Šariš]]