View source for Priffe

{{Short description|Swedish card game}}
{{Infobox card game
| title = Priffe
| subtitle =
| image_link = File:Swedish pattern cards-Suit of Spades down to Six-IMG 7483.jpg
| image_caption = Spades from a Modern Swedish pattern pack
| alt_names = Preference
| type = Whist group
| players = 4
| num_cards = 52 cards
| deck = [[French-suited playing cards|French-suited]], Swedish Modern or English pattern
| play =
| card_rank = A K Q J 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
| origin = Sweden
| related = [[Whist]]
| playing_time = 10 min/deal
| random_chance =
| skills =
| footnotes =
}}
'''Priffe'''  or '''Preference''' is a classic Swedish, [[trick-taking]] [[card game]] for four players who form two teams of two. It is an elaboration of [[Whist]] that involves bidding, but this is a different form from that in American [[Bid Whist]]. Together with [[Vira (card game)|Vira]], Priffe was one of the most common card games in Sweden until superseded by [[Bridge (card game)|Bridge]].<ref name="Carlquist 1937" />
== Rules ==
=== Object ===
The aim of each team is to win as many [[trick (cards)|tricks]] as possible in a trump or suit game. In the ''[[misère]]'' contract, called ''Noll'', the goal is to take as few tricks as possible.<ref name="Reglor 1859" />
=== Deal ===
Players draw lots (e.g. by [[cutting (cards)|cutting]] the pack). The one who draws the highest card selects seat and becomes [[dealer (card player)|dealer]]. The player with the second highest card takes the opposite seat. The player with the third highest card selects one of the two remaining seats, and the player with the lowest card takes the remaining seat. The player to the left of the dealer is [[forehand (card player)|forehand]].
The players sitting opposite one another are partners and compete against the other pair. In a classic game of Priffe, the players rotate so that everyone partners everyone else. In this way, an individual winner can finally be selected.
A [[hand (cards)|hand]] begins with all cards being [[dealt (cards)|dealt]] so that the players receive 13 cards each.
==Bidding==
Forehand opens a [[single round of bidding]], which proceeds clockwise, everyone getting to make one bid. In 1949, Bridge players Werner and Sandgren proposed that a system with "honour tricks" (''Honnörsstickstabell'') be used in bidding.<ref name="Kortoxen 1949" />
===Honour trick table ===
Honours: A K Q J 10<br />
ht = honour trick<br />
+ = 1/4 hs<br />
X = low card
2+ht: A K Q in same suit<BR>
2 ht: A K (if J, if 10) in same suit<br />
1½ht: A Q (if J, if 10) in same suit<br />
1+ht: A J 10/X of same suit or K Q J of same suit or singleton A<br />
1 ht: A J in same suit or K Q in same suit or K J 10 in same suit<br />
½+ht: K J X in same suit
½ ht: K J/X in same suit or Q J 10/X in same suit
+ ht: Q J/10/X of same suit or singleton K/Q/J
=== Bidding ===
The possible bids in descending order are:
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
| Bid
|Description
|Honours
|-----
|Play (''Spelut, Spela'')
|Highest contract, game at no [[Trump (card games)|trump]].
|All Aces
|-----
|Noll (''Noll'')
|Misère game, take as few tricks as possible. A bid of Noll from the eldest hand in a team (i.e. from the first player in a team to make a bid) means 2-3 ht and suitable cards for Noll. The hand should be weak in hearts and diamonds, especially in hearts.
|All 2s
|-----
|Hearts (''Hjärter'')
| Means you want to play with hearts as trump. A bid of Hearts from the eldest hand in a team means at least 2½ honour tricks and at least 5 hearts in the hand. The hand should have suitable cards for Noll.
|A K Q J
|-----
|Diamonds (''Ruter'')
|As above, with the addition that the hand must have a stop in hearts and should be acceptable for playing Noll.
|A K Q J
|-----
|Spades (''Spader'')
|Information bid only by the eldest hand in a team. Means 4-4½ ht in at least three suits and strong invitation to play at No Trump. 5 hts or more should give home run in the game.
|
|-----
|Clubs (''Klöver'')
|Information bid only by the eldest hand in a team. Means 2½ - 3½ ht and stops in at least three suits. Invitation to play at No Trump, but you should also be able to play a Noll.
|
|-----
|Pass
|When you have no other bid, or when you are satisfied with previous bids.
|}
A bid may not be announced if a higher bid has already been made. "Pass" is the only exception, as it can be called at any time.<br>
If any player bids "Play", the game starts at once and the remaining players may not bid.<br/ >
The last bid announced becomes the final bid and the bidder and his partner become the declarers. If the final bid is Spades or Clubs, a forced Noll is played, played as a normal Noll but neither team counts as the declaring side.
=== Play ===
When the bidding is over, the result will be one of the following five contracts:
1. Forced Noll - everyone passed, and teams now aim to take as few tricks as possible<br />
2. Diamonds - Diamonds was the highest bid; the declarers must now take as many tricks as possible with Diamonds as trump<br />
3. Hearts - Hearts was the highest bid; the declarers must now take as many tricks as possible with Hearts as trump<br />
4. Noll - Noll was the highest bid; the declarers must now take as few tricks as possible with no trumps<br />
5. Play - the team whose player announced "play" must now take as many tricks as possible with no trumps
Players must follow suit if possible. The highest card of the [[led suit]] wins the trick, unless a trump was played in which case the highest trump wins. The tricks in a team are always counted together.<br />
It is more important for the declaring side to take more (or fewer in a Noll) tricks than the other team, as the defenders get twice as many points if they manage to take more (or fewer in a Noll) than half of the tricks.<br />
In a forced Noll, there is no declarer and, therefore, no doubling of the scores for either side.
The teams rotate when one side has reached a certain number of tricks. The number of deals that are played by a team before rotation may therefore vary during the game.
===Outcome===
A [[rubber (cards)|rubber]] is completed when either team has won two games. In games with a declarer, the declaring side scores 10 for every trick over 6 and an extra 10 for taking 6 overtricks (little slam) and an extra 20 for taking 7 overtricks (big slam). If the declarers lose, the defenders win double. Only points for tricks before doubling count towards winning a game.
In a Noll, each trick below 7 scores 10 points; double if the declarers lose.
In addition, points are awarded for honours. Which cards count as honours depends on the contract (see table). Honours score bonus points as follows:<ref  name="Board Game Geek" />
* 2 honours: 0
* 3 honours: 20
* 4 honours: 40
* 4 honours in the same hand at the outset: 50
If a team has 30 or more trick points, they win the first game in the rubber and score an additional 10 bonus points. A team that has already won a game in the rubber need 40 trick points to win their second game, which gives the team an additional 20 bonus points.<ref  name="Board Game Geek" />
When a team wins its second game, players rotate, individual points are scored for the members of each team, and a new rubber starts. Individual points are scored as follows: The points for each team are scored and the team with the higher score wins. The losers subtract their total from that of the winners and the result is divided by ten. This is then added to each winner's total and subtracted from each loser.<ref  name="Board Game Geek" />
If you play several rubbers, you change places, with a second rubber, the dealer and forehand stay put and the other two change places. Typically six rubbers are played allowing each player to team up with every other one twice. The player with the highest individual score at the end is the overall winner.<ref  name="Board Game Geek" />
===Points===
A slightly different scoring system is as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|-----
|Every trick
|10
|-----
|Every penalty trick
|20
|-----
|1st game won
|10
|-----
|2nd game won
|20
|-----
|Little Slam
|10
|-----
|Big Slam
|20
|-----
|Small penalty slam
|20
|-----
|Big penalty slam
|40
|-----
|Four honours in one hand
|50
|-----
|Three honours in one hand
|20
|-----
|Three honours in one hand and one with the partner
|40
|-----
|}
== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Kortoxen 1949">{{cite book|last1=Werner|location=Stockholm|last2=Sandgren|first2=Tore|pages=125–127 |publisher=Forum |title=Kortoxen}}</ref>
<ref name="Carlquist 1937">Carlquist (1937), p. 1185.</ref>
<ref name="Reglor 1859">''Fullständiga preference-reglor, enligt spelsättet i Stockholm : I västficksformat'' (1859).</ref>
<ref name="Board Game Geek">[https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgameversion/153948/swedish-edition ''Priffe''] at boardgamegeek.com. Retrieved 25 December 2023.</ref>
</references>
== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book|date=1859|location=Stockholm|publisher=Sigfrid Flodins förlag|title=Fullständiga preference-reglor, enligt spelsättet i Stockholm : I västficksformat}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator -->
* {{cite book|date=1937|editor=Carlquist, Gunnar|location=Malmö|publisher=Svensk Uppslagsbok AB|title=[[Svensk uppslagsbok]]. Band 21}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator -->
*{{cite book|date=2022|first=Dan|isbn=978-91-89228-70-2|last=Glimne|author-link=Dan Glimne|location=Kalmar|pages=197–201|publisher=Stevali Fakta|title=Familjens bästa kortspel}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator -->
*{{cite book|date=1988|first=Ulf|isbn=91-534-1178-1|last=Schenkmanis|location=Västerås|pages=208–210|publisher=ICA|title=Kortspel & patienser}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator -->
*{{cite book|date=1975|edition=9th, rev. exp.|first1=Einar|isbn=91-37-05798-7|last1=Werner|location=Stockholm|last2=Sandgren|first2=Tore|pages=176–179|publisher=Forum|title=Kortoxen}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator -->
== External links ==
* [http://lyckans-talisman.home.stosn.com/#Sec11 ''Whist''] at lyckans-talisman.
{{Trick-taking card games}}
[[Category:Swedish card games]]
[[Category:Four-player card games]]
[[Category:French deck card games]]
[[Category:Whist]]