View source for Pritchardia

{{short description|Genus of plants}}
{{about|the plant genus|the insect genus|Pritchardia (fly)}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Loulu|Lulu (disambiguation){{!}}Lulu|Loulou (disambiguation){{!}}Loulou|Lulou}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Pritchardia_flowers.jpg
| image_caption = ''Pritchardia'' sp. flowers and fruit on two pendulous stalks
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Pritchardia
| authority = [[Berthold Carl Seemann|Seem.]] & [[Hermann Wendland|H.Wendl.]]<ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?9853 |title=Genus: ''Pritchardia'' Seem. & H. Wendl. |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |date=2007-10-05 |accessdate=2010-12-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528123049/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/genus.pl?9853 |archivedate=2010-05-28 }}</ref>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=aloha/><ref name="GRIN"/>
| synonyms =
* ''Eupritchardia'' <small>[[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]]</small>
* ''Styloma'' <small>[[Orator F. Cook|O.F.Cook]]</small>|
}}
[[Image:Pritchardia limahuliensis (Limahuli Garden and Preserve).JPG|thumb|''[[Pritchardia limahuliensis]]'']]
[[Image:Starr 050407-6220 Pritchardia thurstonii.jpg|right|240px|thumb|''Pritchardia'' palms]]
The genus '''''Pritchardia''''' (family [[Arecaceae]]) consists of between 24 and 40 species of fan palms (subfamily [[Coryphoideae]]) found on tropical [[Pacific Ocean]] [[Pacific Islands|islands]] in [[Fiji]], [[Samoa]], [[Tonga]], [[Tuamotus]], and most diversely in [[Hawaiian Islands|Hawaii]].<ref name=aloha>[http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/namedetail.do?name_id=165517 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families]</ref><ref>Hodel, D.R. (2007). A review of the genus ''Pritchardia''. Palms; Journal of the International Palm Society 51(Suppl.): 1-53.</ref> The generic name honors [[William Thomas Pritchard]] (1829-1907), a British consul at [[Fiji]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kaN-hLL-3qEC |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names |volume=3 M-Q |first=Umberto |last=Quattrocchi |publisher=CRC Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-0-8493-2677-6 |page=2168}}</ref>
==Description==
These palms vary in height, ranging from {{convert|6|to|40|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref name="Riffle">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rL3dHVJ2CZ8C |title=An Encyclopedia of Cultivated Palms |first=Robert Lee |last=Riffle |author2=Paul Craft |publisher=Timber Press |year=2003 |isbn=978-0-88192-558-6 |pages=419–422}}</ref> The leaves are fan-shaped (''costapalmate'') and the trunk columnar, naked, smooth or fibrous, longitudinally grooved, and obscurely ringed by leaf scars. The flowers and subsequent fruit are borne in a terminal cluster with simple or compound branches of an arcuate or pendulous [[inflorescence]] that (in some species) is longer than the leaves.
==Species==
There are 29 known species, of which 19 are [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Hawaiian Islands]], with the remainder on other [[Pacific Islands|island]] groups. Many are critically endangered.
[[Oahu]] has the most named ''Pritchardia'' species of any of the Hawaiian islands, with nine named species on record in 1980. Eight of those species can be found in the rainy [[Koolau Range]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hodel |first1=Don |title=Pritchardia in Hawaii |journal=Principes |date=1980 |volume=2 |issue=24 |pages=65–81 |url=https://palms.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/v24n2p65-81.pdf |access-date=April 24, 2024}}</ref>
* ''[[Pritchardia affinis]]'' <small>[[Odoardo Beccari|Becc.]]</small> &ndash; Hawai{{okina}}i Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS">{{ITIS |id=42461 |taxon=''Pritchardia'' |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref> ([[Hawaii (island)|Island of Hawai{{okina}}i]])
* ''[[Pritchardia arecina]]'' <small>Becc.</small> &ndash; Maui Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> ([[Maui]], Hawaii)<ref name="Riffle"/>
* ''[[Pritchardia aylmer-robinsonii]]'' <small>[[Harold St. John|H.St.John]]</small> ([[Niihau|Ni{{okina}}ihau]], [[Hawaii]])
* ''[[Pritchardia beccariana]]'' <small>[[Joseph Rock|Rock]]</small> &ndash; Kilauea Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> (Island of Hawai{{okina}}i)<ref name="Riffle"/>
* ''[[Pritchardia flynnii]]'' <small>Lorence & Gemmill</small> ([[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]], Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia forbesiana]]'' <small>Rock</small> &ndash; Mt. Eke Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> (Maui, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia glabrata]]'' <small>Becc. & Rock</small> (Maui, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia hardyi]]'' <small>Rock</small> &ndash; Makaleha Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> ([[Kauai|Kaua{{okina}}i]], Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia hillebrandii]]'' <small>(Kuntze) Becc.</small><ref name="ITIS"/> (Native range uncertain, but believed to be [[Molokai|Moloka{{okina}}i]], Hawaii)<ref name="Riffle"/>
* ''[[Pritchardia kaalae]]'' <small>Rock</small> &ndash; Wai{{okina}}anae Range Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> ([[Oahu|O{{okina}}ahu]], Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia lanaiensis]]'' <small>Becc. & Rock</small> &ndash; Lāna{{okina}}i Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/>  ([[Lanai|Lāna{{okina}}i]], Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia lanigera]]'' <small>Becc.</small> (Island of Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Pritchardia limahuliensis]]'' <small>H.St.John</small> (Kaua{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia lowreyana]]'' <small>Rock</small> &ndash; Moloka{{okina}}i Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> (Moloka{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia maideniana]]'' <small></small> (Unknown origin, possibly Fiji or Tonga)<ref name="Riffle"/>
* ''[[Pritchardia martii]]'' <small>(Gaud.) H.Wendl</small> &ndash; Ko{{okina}}olau Range pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> (syn. ''P. gaudichaudii'') (O{{okina}}ahu, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia minor]]'' <small>Becc.</small> &ndash; Alaka{{okina}}i Swamp Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> (Kaua{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia mitiaroana]]'' <small>Dransfield & Ehrhardt<!--1995--></small> ([[Mitiaro]], [[Cook Islands]])<ref name="Riffle"/>
* ''[[Pritchardia munroi]]'' <small>Rock<!--1920--></small> &ndash; Kamalo Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> (Moloka{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia napaliensis]]'' <small>H.St.John</small> (Kaua{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia pacifica]]'' <small>Seem. & H.Wendl.</small> ([[Fiji]], [[Tonga]], [[Samoa]])
* ''[[Pritchardia pericularum]]'' <small></small>
* ''[[Pritchardia perlmanii]]'' <small>Gemmill</small> (Kaua{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia remota]]'' <small>Becc.</small> &ndash; Nihoa Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> ([[Nihoa]], Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia schattaueri]]'' <small>[[Donald R. Hodel|Hodel]]</small> &ndash; Giant Pritchardia (Island of Hawai{{okina}}i)
* ''[[Pritchardia thurstonii]]'' <small>[[Ferdinand von Mueller|F.Muell.]] & [[Carl Georg Oscar Drude|Drude]]</small> (Fiji)
* ''[[Pritchardia viscosa]]'' <small>Becc.</small> &ndash; Stickybud Pritchardia<ref name="ITIS"/> (Kaua{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia vuylstekeana]]'' <small></small>
* ''[[Pritchardia waialealeana]]'' <small>R.W.Read</small> (Kaua{{okina}}i, Hawaii)
* ''[[Pritchardia woodfordiana]]'' <small></small> ([[Solomon Islands]])
* ''[[Pritchardia woodii]]'' <small></small> ([[Maui, Hawaii]])
* †[[Laysan fan palm|''Pritchardia'' sp. "Laysan"]] ([[Laysan]]†)
===Formerly placed here===
* ''[[Licuala grandis]]'' <small>(hort. ex W. Bull) H.Wendl.</small> (as ''P. grandis'' <small>hort. ex W. Bull</small>) (Vanuatu)
* ''[[Washingtonia filifera]]'' <small>(Linden ex André) H.Wendl.</small> (as ''P. filamentosa'' <small>H.Wendl. ex Franceschi</small> or ''P. filifera'' <small>Linden ex André</small>)<ref name="GRINSpecies">{{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/splist.pl?9853 |title=GRIN Species Records of ''Pritchardia'' |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture |accessdate=2010-12-11}}</ref> (Southwestern United States and Baja California)
==Relationship with humans==
[[Native Hawaiians]] (who call them ''loulu'' or ''noulu'') often plant the trees in their traditional homes.<ref name="Meilleur ">{{Cite journal |last=Meilleur |first=Brien A. |date=June 2022 |title=Ancient Hawaiian house lots and their flora: a review of Great Māhele plant claims with a special focus on ''Pritchardia'' (''loulu'') palms |url=https://journals.openedition.org/ethnoecologie/9104#tocto1n5 |journal=Revue d'ethnoécologie |language=en |issue=21 |doi=10.4000/ethnoecologie.9104 |issn=2267-2419 |pages=16–20|s2cid=252169028 |doi-access=free }}</ref> They often consume their seeds (known as ''hāwane'' or ''wāhane'') raw,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chock |first=Alvin K. |date=1968 |title=Hawaiian Ethnobotanical Studies I. Native Food and Beverage Plants |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4252960 |journal=Economic Botany |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages=232 |doi=10.1007/BF02861956 |jstor=4252960 |bibcode=1968EcBot..22..221C |s2cid=33483410 |issn=0013-0001}}</ref> use their trunk wood as building material and leaves as roof thatching in houses and [[heiau|temples]].<ref name="Meilleur" />
==See also==
*[[Laysan fan palm]]
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* [http://www.kew.org/wcsp/qsearch.do?plantName=Pritchardia&page=quickSearch Kew Palms Checklist: ''Pritchardia'']
==External links==
{{commonscat-inline|Pritchardia|''Pritchardia''}}
{{Wikispecies-inline|Pritchardia|''Pritchardia''}}
{{Arecaceae genera}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q311086}}
[[Category:Pritchardia| ]]
[[Category:Arecaceae genera]]
[[Category:Oceanian realm flora]]
[[Category:Flora of the Solomon Islands (archipelago)]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Berthold Carl Seemann]]