View source for Prosecco

{{Short description|Italian white wine}}
{{About||the suburb of Trieste, Italy|Prosecco, Friuli-Venezia Giulia}}
{{Use Oxford spelling|date=December 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}
[[File:Prosecco di Conegliano bottle and glass.jpg|thumb|A bottle of ''Prosecco di Conegliano spumante'' extra dry and a glass of Prosecco ''frizzante'', which stops forming bubbles soon after it is poured]]
'''Prosecco''' ({{IPAc-en|p|ɹ|ə|ˈ|s|ɛ|k|oʊ|,_|p|ɹ|oʊ|-}},{{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Prosecco |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416085809/https://www.lexico.com/definition/prosecco |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-04-16 |title=Prosecco |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} }}{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|access-date=22 January 2016|Prosecco}}}} {{IPA|it|proˈsekko|lang}}) is an [[Italian wine|Italian]] [[Denominazione di origine controllata#Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)|DOC]] or [[Denominazione di origine controllata#Denominazione di origine controllata e garantita (DOCG)|DOCG]] [[white wine]] produced in a large area spanning nine provinces in the [[Veneto]] and [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]] regions, and named after the village of [[Prosecco, Friuli-Venezia Giulia|Prosecco]], in the [[province of Trieste]], Italy.<ref name="NYT">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/28/business/worldbusiness/28prosecco.html |title=Italian Makers of Prosecco Seek Recognition |last=Cortese |first=Amy |work=The New York Times |date=26 December 2008 |access-date=28 December 2008}}</ref> It is made from the [[Glera (grape)|Prosecco grape]] (renamed "Glera" in Italy in 2009), but denomination rules allow up to 15% of the wine to be other permitted varieties.<ref name="Wine Grapes">{{cite book |first1=J. |last1=Robinson |first2=J. |last2=Harding |first3=J. |last3=Vouillamoz |title=Wine Grapes: A Complete Guide to 1,368 Vine Varieties, Including Their Origins and Flavours |pages=102–103, 853–854 |publisher=Allen Lane |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-846-14446-2}}</ref> Prosecco is almost always made in [[sparkling wine|sparkling]] or semi-sparkling style (''{{lang|it|spumante}}'' and ''{{lang|it|frizzante}}'', respectively), but a still wine (''{{lang|it|tranquillo}}'') is also permitted.<ref name="ConsorzioProseccoDOC">{{cite web |url=https://www.prosecco.wine/en/types-of-prosecco |title=Prosecco Types |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Consorzio di Tutela delle Denominazione di Origine Controllata Prosecco |access-date=April 14, 2020 |archive-date=16 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416084446/https://www.prosecco.wine/en/types-of-prosecco |url-status=dead}}</ref> Within the larger designation are two small DOCG areas, ''Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco'' in the hills between the ''[[Comune|comuni]]'' (municipalities) of [[Conegliano]] and [[Valdobbiadene]], and ''Asolo Prosecco'' around the nearby ''comune'' of [[Asolo]].<ref name="IWC-Conegliano">{{Cite web |title=Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG » |work=Italian Wine Central |access-date=30 November 2019 |url=https://italianwinecentral.com/denomination/conegliano-valdobbiadene-prosecco-docg/}}</ref><ref name="IWC-Asolo">{{Cite web |title=Asolo Prosecco DOCG |work=Italian Wine Central |access-date=30 November 2019 |url=https://italianwinecentral.com/denomination/asolo-prosecco-docg/}}</ref> Prosecco ''Superiore'' is always ''spumante'' and comes only from these DOCG areas.<ref name="KO">{{cite web |url=http://www.winemag.com/Web-2015/The-Superiority-of-Prosecco-Superiore/ |title=The Superiority of Prosecco Superiore |last=O'Keefe |first=Kerin |work=[[Wine Enthusiast Magazine|Wine Enthusiast]] |date=25 September 2015}}</ref>
In 2019, Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene became a [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], in large part due to the region's role in the production of Prosecco.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.euronews.com/2019/07/08/italy-s-prosecco-hills-receive-un-world-heritage-status |title=Italy's Prosecco hills receive UN world heritage status |last1=Kennedy|first1=Rachel |date=9 July 2019 |work=[[Euronews]] |access-date=9 July 2019 |last2=Chadwick |first2=Lauren}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Two cultural sites added to UNESCO's World Heritage List |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/2006/ |access-date=2019-07-09 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en |quote=Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene (Italy) – located in north-eastern Italy, the site includes part of the vinegrowing landscape of the Prosecco wine production area. The landscape is characterized by 'hogback' hills, ''ciglioni''—small plots of vines on narrow grassy terraces—forests, small villages and farmland. For centuries, this rugged terrain has been shaped and adapted by man. Since the 17th century, the use of ciglioni has created a particular chequerboard landscape consisting of rows of vines parallel and vertical to the slopes. In the 19th century, the bellussera technique of training the vines contributed to the aesthetic characteristics of the landscape.}}</ref> Since 2020, the DOC rules allow a [[rosé]] variety of Prosecco designated ''spumante rosé'', which must contain Glera blended with 10–15% [[pinot noir|Pinot nero]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2020 |title=Mipaaf |url=https://www.politicheagricole.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/16153}}</ref>
==History==
[[File:Cover Page Il Roccolo Ditirambo by Aureliano Acanti (1754).jpg|thumb|The cover of the book ''Il Roccolo Ditirambo'' (1754), containing for the first time the exact word ''Prosecco'']]
[[File:First verses with word Prosecco.jpg|thumb|The poem where the term ''Prosecco'' appears for the first time within ''Il Roccolo Ditirambo'' (1754), growing on the hill of Monte Berico in Vicenza]]
[[File:Monte Berico dalla Basilica Palladiana.jpg|thumb|Monte Berico's hill in Vicenza (UNESCO), where the first described prosecco was growing]]
[[File:Pentagono del Cartizze 01.jpg|thumb|Vineyards in the Prosecco region of origin (UNESCO)]]
In [[Trieste]] at the beginning of the 16th century, the local wine "[[Ribolla Gialla|Ribolla]]" was promoted as the recreation of the Pucinian<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://drinkaly.com/blogs/vini-vitigni-e-enocultura/ribolla-gialla-un-sapore-millenario-tra-le-colline-friulane |title=Ribolla Gialla: Eleganza e Storia in un Bicchiere di Vino |date=29 February 2024 }}</ref> celebrated by [[Pliny the Elder]] in his ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'' and praised for its medicinal qualities by [[Livia]], the wife of [[Augustus|Emperor Augustus]].<ref name="Colombo1">{{cite book |first=Fulvio |last=Colombo |title=Prosecco. Patrimonio del Nordest |language=it |publisher=Luglio Editore |location=Trieste |year=2014 |isbn=978-8868030636 }}<br/>{{cite book |title=Prosecco, perché? Le nobili origini di un vino triestino |language=it |publisher=Luglio Editore |location=Trieste |year=2012 |isbn=978-8896940877}}</ref> The need to distinguish the "Ribolla" of Trieste from other wines of the same name, produced in [[Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca|Gorizia]] and at lower cost in [[Istria]], led, at the end of the century, to a change in name. Following the supposed place of production in antiquity, the wine was referred to as "castellum nobile vinum Pucinum", after the castle near the village of Prosecco.<ref name="Colombo1" />
The first known mention of the name ''Prosecco'' is attributed to the Englishman [[Fynes Moryson]], who used the spelling ''Prosecho''. Moryson, visiting the north of Italy in 1593, notes: "[[Istria#Early history|Histria]] is devided into Forum Julii, and Histria properly so called&nbsp;... Here growes the wine Pucinum, now called Prosecho, much celebrated by Pliny." He places Prosecco among the famous wines of Italy: "These are the most famous Wines of Italy. La lagrima di Christo and like wines neere [[Cinque Terre]] in Liguria: La [[Bianchetta Trevigiana|vernazza]], and the white Muskadine, especially that of Montefiaschoni in [[Tuscany]]: Cecubum and [[Falernum]] in the [[Kingdom of Naples]], and Prosecho in Histria."<ref name="Moryson">{{cite book |first=F. |last=Moryson |title=An Itinerary. Containing His Ten Yeeres Travell through the Twelve Dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Italy, Turky, France, England, Scotland & Ireland |volume=IV |pages=80, 103 |location=Glasgow |year=1908}}</ref>
The method of [[Winemaking|vinification]], the true distinguishing feature of the original Prosecco, spread first in Gorizia, then—through [[Venice]]—in [[Dalmatia]],<ref name="Colombo2">{{cite journal |url=http://www.crsrv.org/pdf/Ricerca/La_Ricerca_65.pdf |first=Fulvio |last=Colombo |title=Storie di vini dell'Adriatico. Nuove indagini sulle relazioni tra il Prosecco e il Prošek dalmata |language=it |journal=La Ricerca. Bollettino del Centro di Ricerche Storiche di Rovigno |issue=65 |date=June 2014 |pages=11–13 }}</ref> [[Vicenza]], and [[Treviso]].<ref name="Colombo1" />
In 1754, the spelling ''Prosecco'' appears for the first time in the book ''Il Roccolo Ditirambo'', written by Aureliano Acanti in Novoledo, in the ''[[comune]]'' (municipality) of [[Villaverla]], located in the [[province of Vicenza]]. The wine was then known by the local Slovene-speaking population as Prosegker or Prosekar and was grown on the Adriatic coast near the villages of [[Contovello]], Prosecco, Santa Croce and the former Roman villa town [[Barcola]].
The verses are: {{lang|it|Ed or ora immollarmi voglio il becco Con quel melaromatico prosecco. Di Monteberico questo perfetto prosecco eletto ci da' lo splendido nostro Canonico}} (in Italian), "And now I would like to wet my mouth with that Prosecco with its apple bouquet. From Monteberico this perfect favorite prosecco Our Priest give us.&nbsp;... Mr Priest Jacopo Ghellini brother of Mr Pietro and Mr Marco. Those cavaliers from their estate on the Mount Berico (Monte Berico) collect the Prosecco, that has the most rare qualities, that a wine could have from any other place."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Pagina:Il_Roccolo.djvu/56 |title=History |author=Valeriano Canati |work=Il Roccolo Ditirambo}}</ref> Monte Berico is the hill of the city of [[Vicenza]].
The wine was defined by the grape used to make it, Prosecco. The village of Prosecco was about 150 km from the growing areas, and had never grown the glera grape. British importers started to be interested in importing the wine in quantity; in response the Italian minister of agriculture expanded the ''[[Denominazione di origine controllata#Denominazione di origine controllata (DOC)|denominazione di origine controllata]]'' (DOC) to cover far-away Prosecco. This was followed by claiming [[UNESCO]] World Heritage status for "Prosecco Hills of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene" a few years later.<ref name=ponte>{{cite journal |last=Ponte |first=Stefano |title=Bursting the bubble? The hidden costs and visible conflicts behind the Prosecco wine 'miracle' |journal=Journal of Rural Studies |publisher=Elsevier BV |volume=86 |date=August 2021 |issn=0743-0167 |doi=10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.07.002 |doi-access=free |pages=542–553}}</ref><ref name=blyth>{{Cite news |title=How the politics of prosecco explain what took the fizz out of the Democrats |last=Blyth |first=Mark |newspaper=The Guardian |date=31 December 2021 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/dec/31/politics-prosecco-democrats-joe-manchin-key-bill}}</ref> Prosecco was introduced into the mainstream US market in 2000 by Mionetto, now the largest US importer of Prosecco, who reported an "incredible growth trend" in 2008.<ref name="Dane"/> According to a 2008 ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' report, Prosecco rose sharply in popularity in markets outside Italy, with global sales growing by double-digit percentages since 1998, aided also by its comparatively low price.<ref name="NYT"/><ref name="Dane"/> The UK became in the mid-2010s the biggest export market for Prosecco, consuming one quarter of all Italian production.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Collins |first=Guy |date=17 May 2016 |title=Prosecco 2016 Output Seen Up as Much as 20% as U.K. Sales Surge |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-05-07/prosecco-2016-output-seen-up-as-much-as-20-as-u-k-sales-surge |website=bloomberg.com |access-date=15 October 2017}}</ref> Production expanded massively, to €500m sales in 2019.<ref name=blyth/>
Until the 2008 vintage Prosecco was protected as a DOC within Italy,<ref name="DuBose">{{cite book |last=DuBose |first=Fred |author2=Spingarn, Evan |author3=Maniscalco, Nancy |title=The Ultimate Wine Lover's Guide 2006 |publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. |year=2005 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ultimatewinelov00dubo/page/196 196] |isbn=1-4027-2815-8 |url=https://archive.org/details/ultimatewinelov00dubo |url-access=registration}}</ref> as ''Prosecco di Conegliano-Valdobbiadene'', ''Prosecco di Conegliano'', ''Prosecco di Valdobbiadene'', and ''Prosecco di Colli Asolani''. From 2009, these two area were promoted to DOCG status.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prosecco to become DOCG |author=Natasha Hughes |url=http://www.decanter.com/news/283426.html?aff=rss |work=[[Decanter (magazine)#Decanter.com|decanter.com]] |date=28 May 2009 |access-date=28 May 2009 |quote=The current Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene{{sic}} DOC zone became a DOCG from the 2009 vintage. Announcing the move, Prosecco DOC director Giancarlo Vettorello said that the IGT zone, which lies in the plains between Friuli and Veneto, will be upgraded to DOC status. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214030805/http://www.decanter.com/news/283426.html?aff=rss |archive-date=14 December 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> To further protect the name, an association of traditional Prosecco growers advocated a [[protected designation of origin]] (PDO) status for northern Italian Prosecco under European law.<ref name="NYT"/> Hence, since 1 January 2010, Prosecco is, according to an order of the Italian Minister of Agriculture of 17 July 2009, no longer the name of a grape variety (now to be called [[Glera (grape)|Glera]]), but exclusively a [[geographical indication]]. This was confirmed by EG-Regulation Nr. 1166/2009 of 30 November 2009.<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:314:0027:0028:EN:PDF EG Verordnung Nr. 1166/2009 of 30 November 2009].</ref> The Colli Asolani Prosecco Superiore DOCG later changed its name to Asolo Prosecco Superiore DOCG in 2014.
==Production==
{{See also|Sparkling wine production}}
[[File:Prosecco vitigni.jpg|thumb|Glera grapes on the vine in the Prosecco zone, pre-veraison]]
Unlike Champagne and [[Franciacorta DOCG]], Prosecco is usually produced using the alternative [[Sparkling wine production#Charmat method|Charmat–Martinotti]] method, in which the secondary fermentation takes place in large stainless steel tanks rather than in each individual bottle,<ref name="Matias">{{cite news |url=http://www.heraldnews.com/dining/x1737132591/Bubbling-over-into-09 |title=Bubbling over into '09 |last=Matias |first=Neil |newspaper=[[The Herald News]] |date=26 December 2008 |access-date=28 December 2008}}</ref> making the wine less expensive to produce, and the minimum production time is 30 days. Higher quality Prosecco using this method will ferment the wine over a longer period, up to around 9 months (Charmat Lungo). Nevertheless, the production rules for both the DOCG's also allow the use of the [[traditional method]] of secondary fermentation in the bottle, known in Italy as Metodo Classico. DOC and DOCG rules allow up to 15% of Prosecco wine to be a blend of Verdiso, Bianchetta Trevigiana, Perera, [[Chardonnay]], [[Pinot blanc|Pinot bianco]], [[Pinot gris|Pinot grigio]], or [[Pinot noir|Pinot nero]] (vinified white).<ref name="Wine Grapes"/><ref name="ConsorzioProseccoDOC2">{{cite web |url=http://www.discoverproseccowine.it/en/the_prosecco/types/ |title=Grape Varieties |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Consorzio di Tutela delle Denominazione di Origine Controllata Prosecco |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171017012107/http://www.discoverproseccowine.it/en/the_prosecco/types/ |archive-date=17 October 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
Approximately 150 million bottles of Prosecco were produced in 2008.<ref name="NYT"/> Huge subsequent growth meant this figure approached 600 million bottles in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2018/09/prosecco-to-produce-600-million-bottles-from-2018-harvest/ |title=Prosecco to produce 600 million bottles from 2018 harvest |date=13 September 2018}}</ref>
Since the 2000s, Glera grapes are cultivated and wine produced in other countries, including Brazil, Romania, Argentina, and Australia.<ref name="NYT"/>
In the region of Conegliano and Valdobbiadene DOCG, there are more than 150 producers,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prosecco.it/en/consorzio/cantine.php |title=Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Docg, Prosecco Superiore Dal 1876 |access-date=18 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924082442/http://www.prosecco.it/en/consorzio/cantine.php |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and together they form the Consortium for the Protection of Prosecco from Conegliano and Valdobbiadene (Consorzio per la Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene). DOCG also has its own consorzio, with 94 producers.
===Prosecco DOC===
[[File:Italian prosecco.jpg|thumb|Bottle of Prosecco showing the DOC designation on the label]]
Most Prosecco, whether DOC or DOCG, is made as Spumante [[sparkling wine]] or Frizzante (semi-sparkling). Prosecco DOC Spumante is the most famous and popular variety, with longer-lasting bubbles. Prosecco DOC Frizzante has bubbles that linger for a shorter time. A small proportion is made as Tranquillo (still wine), with no bubbles.<ref name="ConsorzioProseccoDOC"/> ''Tranquillo'' amounts to only about 5% of production,<ref name="DuBose"/> and this wine is rarely exported.
Depending on their sweetness, in accordance with the EU [[Sweetness of wine]] Regulations for Terms used to indicate sweetness of sparkling wine, Proseccos are labelled "Brut" (up to 12&nbsp;grams per litre of residual sugar), "Extra Dry" (12–17 g/L) or "Dry" (17–32 g/L).<ref name="Atkin">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2007/nov/11/foodanddrink1 |title=The fizz that's the bizz |last=Atkin |first=Tim |newspaper=[[The Observer]] |date=11 November 2007 |access-date=29 December 2008 |location=London}}</ref> Extra-Dry has been the dominant style made, but the amount of Brut is now increasing.
Glera grapes made in a Prosecco style outside the DOC/DOCG have a non-protected designation, such as "IGT Veneto", are generally cheaper and of more variable quality and cannot be called Prosecco.<ref name="LeSinge"/> While all Prosecco is currently vinified white, a rosé version has been proposed, but only for the DOC, as it was rejected by the DOCG. It is probably that such a rosé, which would include a small proportion of Pinot nero vinified red, will be adopted only at the DOC level from the 2019 harvest and therefore be available to buy from as early as January 2020.<ref>[https://imbibe.com/news/prosecco-rosé-will-be-a-reality-by-2020 Prosecco Rosé will be a reality by 2020] imbibe.com {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303013826/https://imbibe.com/news/prosecco-ros%C3%A9-will-be-a-reality-by-2020/ |date=3 March 2021}}. Currently, Prosecco cannot be made in rosé form and be called Prosecco, it would be classified as an IGT Veneto and the name Prosecco cannot be used.</ref>
===Prosecco Superiore DOCG===
[[File:Vista da Santo Stefano Valdobbiadene.jpg|thumb|Prosecco Valley, UNESCO World Heritage Site]]
There are two Prosecco Superiore DOCGs, divided by the [[Piave (river)|River Piave]], in the [[province of Treviso]], Veneto. Prosecco Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG is made on the hills between the ''[[Comune|comuni]]'' (municipalities) of [[Conegliano]], [[Valdobbiadene]], and [[Vittorio Veneto]]. Producers from Valdobbiadene have recently tended to skip mention of Conegliano on their front label, calling their wine ''Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore''. The second DOCG is the smaller Asolo Prosecco Superiore DOCG, produced on the hills near the ''comune'' of Asolo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.asolomontello.it/asolo-prosecco |title=Asolo Prosecco &#124; Consorzio Asolo Montello |date=12 October 2020}}</ref> Currently, in addition to the usual range of Prosecco styles, Asolo DOCG can also make an "Extra-Brut" (0-6 g/L), and Conegliano Valdobbiadene is expected to introduce this style soon. While the bulk of Prosecco DOC is grown on low-lying plains in an extended area covering 23,300 hectares, the DOCG Prosecco Superiore is grown exclusively on hillside vineyards in two far smaller growing areas, 6,860 hectares for Conegliano Valdobbiadene and 1,783 hectares for Asolo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://italianwinecentral.com |title=Italian Wine Central}}</ref> The steepness of the hills means that everything, from pruning to picking, is principally done by hand. The manual aspect, especially for the harvest, further increases quality.<ref name="KO"/>
===Superiore di Cartizze subzone===
The hill of [[Cartizze]]<!-- comment out: coords more fit for own article: ({{coord|45.8952|12.0337|display=inline|source:GoogleMaps_type:landmark_region:IT}}) --> is a {{convert|305|m|ft}} high vineyard of {{convert|107|ha|acre}} of vines,<ref>{{cite web |last=Cannavan |first=Tom |author-link=Tom Cannavan |work=wine-pages.com |title=the Proseccos of Bisol |year=2004 |url=http://www.wine-pages.com/features/bisol.htm |access-date=1 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120419122202/http://www.wine-pages.com/features/bisol.htm |archive-date=19 April 2012 |url-status=dead}}</ref> owned by 140 growers.<ref name="Kinssies"/> The Prosecco from its grapes, of which comparatively little is produced, is widely considered to be of the highest quality,<ref name="KO"/><ref name="Kinssies"/><ref name="LeSinge">{{cite book |last=LeSinge |first=Theodore |title=ADAC Reiseführer Venetien/ Friaul |publisher=ADAC Verlag DE |year=2003 |pages=78 |isbn=3-89905-116-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=osCGMMnbiKEC&pg=PA78-IA11 |language=de}}</ref><ref name="Koelliker">{{cite book |last=Koelliker |first=Beat |title=Die neue Hallwag Weinschule: Mit 13 Weinproben zum Weinkenner |publisher=HALLWAG |year=2008 |pages=104 |isbn=978-3-8338-1221-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r2VzVjpEQaAC&pg=PA104 |language=de}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Difford |first=Simon |title=Cocktails |publisher=diffordsguide |year=2007 |pages=398 |isbn=978-0-9556276-0-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SV5YryuX3_EC&pg=PA398}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Belford |first=Ros |title=Rough Guide to Italy |publisher=Rough Guides |year=2003 |pages=282 |isbn=1-84353-060-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=guMWMVFhqzwC&pg=PA282}}</ref> or even the ''"[[Cru (wine)#Grand cru|Grand Cru]]"'' of Prosecco.<ref name="Atkin"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.venicewinetour.com/prosecco/ |title=- Venice Wine Tour Prosecco. The white sparkling from Veneto |work=Venice Wine Tour}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Yarrow |first=Alder |work=[[Vinography]] |date=14 July 2007 |title=The World's Best Prosecco: Tasting Conegliano Valdobbiadene |url=http://www.vinography.com/archives/2007/07/the_worlds_best_prosecco_tasti.html}}</ref>
Theoretically, a hectare of Cartizze grape land was estimated to be worth in excess of 1 million US dollars in 2008<ref name="NYT"/> and its value was estimated to have increased to 1.5–2 million euros in 2015, the most for a vineyard in Italy.<ref name="KO"/> The sparkling wine produced from Cartizze has recently been named by producers as ''Superiore di Cartizze'', without mentioning Prosecco on the front label to further emphasize its territory.<ref name="ConsorzioCV">{{cite web |url=http://www.prosecco.it/en/prosecco/tipologie.php |title=The Various Types |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |publisher=Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene |access-date=9 October 2015 |archive-date=19 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150719024048/http://www.prosecco.it/en/prosecco/tipologie.php |url-status=dead}}</ref>
According to a local legend, Cartizze grapes traditionally were harvested last, as the vines were situated on steep slopes and hard to reach, which led to vintners discovering that this extended ripening period improved the flavour.<ref name="LeSinge"/> Nonetheless, in a [[Wine tasting#Blind tasting|blind tasting]] at the 2006 [[Vinitaly]] trade fair, Cartizze ''spumanti'' were ranked consistently behind "normal" Prosecco.<ref name="Burianek">{{cite news |url=http://derstandard.at/druck/?id=2912459 |title=In dubio Prosecco |last=Burianek |first=Stephan |newspaper=[[Der Standard]] |date=10 June 2007 |language=de |access-date=29 December 2008}}</ref>
===Rive subzones===
While Cartizze is a subzone at the top of the Prosecco Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG quality pyramid, their Consorzio has also introduced official ''Rive'' delimitations, i.e. 15 communes that can make 43 different Rive subzone wines. These are named after the individual hills where the grapes originate, though this adds complexity and adoption so far is patchy. The intention is to highlight the different [[microclimate]]s and distinct [[terroir]]s found in the DOCG.<ref name="KO"/><ref>{{cite web | last=Моисеенко | first=Антон | title=On the Rive bank | website=По Бокалам | date=6 July 2018 | url=https://by-the-glass.ru/on-the-rive-bank/| access-date=9 July 2023}}</ref> Asolo Superiore DOCG has not introduced subzones.
===Col Fondo===
Some winemakers are reviving the traditional Prosecco Col Fondo, refermented in the bottle but not disgorged, as the wines are left on their [[lees (fermentation)|lees]]. This yeasty residue leaves fine sediment in the bottom of the bottle (Italian: ''fondo'') that imparts more complexity, texture and flavour. They can be served either clear or cloudy. These wines are labelled Conegliano Valdobbiadene Superiore DOCG, or Asolo Superiore DOCG. Col Fondo generally has a lower Frizzante-style {{convert|250|kPa|bar|abbr=off}} of pressure.<ref name="KO"/>
==Consumption==
[[File:Prosecco in cans.jpg|thumb|Cheap Prosecco is also sold in cans.]]
In Italy, Prosecco is a ubiquitously used wine.<ref name="NYT"/> Outside Italy, it is most often drunk as an [[Apéritif and digestif|apéritif]]. As with other sparkling wines, Prosecco is served chilled.<ref name="Kinssies"/>
Except for Col Fondo and any Método Classico Prosecco, most Prosecco does not [[Fermentation in winemaking|ferment]] in the bottle. Usually, it should be drunk young,<ref name="Burianek"/> preferably within three to five years<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.eulogybar.com/how-long-does-prosecco-last/ |title=How Long Does Prosecco Last? |last=Flood |first=Carlos |date=January 22, 2021 |website=EulogyBar.com |access-date=March 11, 2022}}</ref> of its [[vintage]]. However, high-quality Prosecco may be [[Aging of wine|aged]] for up to seven years.<ref name="Mitchell">{{cite web |url=http://www.lifeinitaly.com/wines/prosecco.asp |title=Prosecco, Italy's Sparkling Wine |last=Mitchell |first=Sandy |access-date=7 May 2011}}</ref>
The view that Prosecco cannot be aged has been challenged by other experts. A tasting in 2013 of wines produced between 1983 and 2013 demonstrated the longevity of the wines from one of their top producers.<ref name=ME-wofw>{{Cite journal |last=Edwards |first=Michael |url=http://www.worldoffinewine.com/news/primo-franco-19832013-prosecco-resurgent-4600363 |title=Primo Franco 1983–2013: Prosecco Resurgent |journal=[[The World of Fine Wine]] |issue=48 |year=2015 |pages=74–75}}</ref>
Prosecco has a minimum of 10.5–11.5% alcohol by volume, depending on the DOC/DOCG rules.<ref name="Kinssies">{{cite news |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/food/77823_wine10.shtml |title=On Wine: Proseccos sparkle on their own terms |last=Kinssies |first=Richard |newspaper=[[Seattle Post-Intelligencer]] |date=10 July 2002 |access-date=29 December 2008}}</ref> The flavour of Prosecco has been described as aromatic and crisp, bringing to mind yellow apple, pear, white peach, and apricot.<ref name="Dane"/><ref name="Kinssies"/> Most Prosecco variants have intense [[Aroma of wine|primary aromas]]<ref name="Kinssies"/> and are meant to taste fresh, light and comparatively simple.<ref name="Atkin"/>
Most commonly Prosecco is served unmixed, but it also appears in several [[mixed drink]]s. It is the main ingredient in the original [[Bellini (cocktail)|Bellini]] and [[Spritz (cocktail)|Spritz]] cocktails, and it can also be used in others, such as the [[mimosa (cocktail)|Mimosa]].<ref name="Atkin"/><ref name="Dane">{{cite web |url=http://www.thestreet.com/print/story/10272259.html |title=Pop the Cork on Prosecco |last=Dane |first=Ana |work=[[TheStreet.com]] |date=3 July 2006 |access-date=29 December 2008 |archive-date=13 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913004621/http://www.thestreet.com/print/story/10272259.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> With vodka and lemon gelato, Prosecco is also an ingredient of the Italian mixed drink ''[[sgroppino]]''.
==See also==
{{Portal|Italy|Drink|Wine}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.prosecco.it/ Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco di Conegliano Valdobbiadene DOCG]
* [https://www.asolomontello.it/asolo-prosecco/ Consorzio Asolo Montello DOCG]
* [http://www.prosecco.it/en/ Consorzio di Tutela del Prosecco DOC]
*[https://artsandculture.google.com/story/igURhuxO5w72Cg Le Colline del Prosecco di Conegliano e Valdobbiadene] UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture
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[[Category:Prosecco]]
[[Category:Italian wine]]
[[Category:Sparkling wines]]
[[Category:Wines of Veneto]]
[[Category:White wine grape varieties]]