View source for Protesilaus molops

{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| image= Macrolepidoptera15seit 0039.jpg
| image_caption = ''P. m. hetaerius'' and related species in [[Adalbert Seitz]]'s ''Fauna Americana''
| status =
| taxon = Protesilaus molops
| authority = ([[Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild|Rothschild]] & [[Karl Jordan (zoologist, born 1861)|Jordan]], 1906) <ref>[http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/papilionidae/papilioninae/protesilaus/index.html ''Protesilaus'' at Funet]</ref>
| synonyms =
*''Papilio molops'' <small>Rothschild & Jordan, 1906</small>
*''Papilio molops hetaerius'' <small>Rothschild & Jordan, 1906</small>
*''Papilio molops megalurus'' <small>Rothschild & Jordan, 1906</small>
}}
'''''Protesilaus molops ''''' is a species of [[butterfly]] found in the [[Neotropical realm]].
==Subspecies==
*''P. m. molops'' [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]]
*''P. m. hetaerius'' <small>(Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)</small> [[Colombia]], [[Guyana]], [[Peru]], [[Suriname]], [[Ecuador]], [[Bolivia]], [[Brazil]]
*''P. m. megalurus'' <small>(Rothschild & Jordan, 1906)</small> Brazil ([[Minas Gerais]])
==Description==
The 1. and 2. black band of the forewing broad and both or at least one of them extending to the hindmargin, the 4. band usually reaching quite across the cell. The denticulate, deflexed dorsal margin of the harpe rounded-dilated. Tropical South America, widely distributed, but only singly among the white butterflies of this group.
''molops'' R & J Antenna brownish yellow; the black lateral stripe of the abdomen as broad as the yellow-white stripe placed at its dorsal side; 1. and 2. band of the forewing broad, the 1. not extending to the hindmargin, the other bands likewise broad, the 6. especially is broader than in all the other forms of the ''protesilaus'' group, being at least as broad as the inter-space between bands 5 and 6 ; this 6. band close to the lower angle of the cell. Dorsal margin of the harpe abruptly dilated. North-west Ecuador and west Colombia.
''hetaerius'' R & J Easy to differentiate from the preceding form by the thinner black bands; it is so similar to the ''protesilaus'' forms occurring together with ''hetaerius'' as to be easily mistaken for them, but is much smaller than the Colombian ''protesilaus'' and has a much less sharply dentate hindwing. Sides of the frons always white; 1. and 2. band of the forewing extending to the hindmargin, or the 2. band very little abbreviated; the white submarginal lunule between the 1. and 2. radial of the hindwing narrower than the corresponding marginal lunule; the interspace between the subbasal and median band on the under surface of the hindwing longer than in ''protesilaus''. Harpe somewhat different from the harpe of ''molops'', dorsal and ventral edges more denticulate, the ventral process longer and curved towards the ventral edge of the clasper. Guiana, Amazons, Colombia,
Ecuador (except the western side), Peru and Bolivia.
''megalurus'' R & J Antenna black as in the Brazilian ''protesilaus'': frons laterally white; the white subdorsal line of the abdomen thin; 1. and 2. band of the forewing extend to the hindmargin, 6. band separated from the angle of the cell; the black markings of the hindwing somewhat more developed than in ''hetaerius'', the red anal spot longer; tail long and broad. Dorsal edge of the harpe less dilated than in the other forms of ''molops''. Brazil: Leopoldina, but probably more widely distributed.<ref>Karl Jordan, 1916 Papilio In A. Seitz (editor), Macrolepidoptera of the world,vol. 5: 617–738. Stuttgart: Alfred Kernen [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/126193#page/7/mode/1up] also available as pdf</ref>
==Taxonomy==
Difficult to separate from ''[[Protesilaus glaucolaus]]''. ''hetaerius'' R & transferred to ''[[Protesilaus macrosilaus|P. macrosilaus]]'' and replaced in ''P. molops'' by ''leucosilaus'' (Zikan) by Hancock <ref>Hancock, D.L. (1983). Classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): a phylogenetic approach. ''Smithersia'' 2: 1-48.</ref>
==References==
{{Reflist}}
==Further reading==
*D'Abrera, B. (1981). ''Butterflies of the Neotropical Region''. Part I. Papilionidae and Pieridae. Lansdowne Editions, Melbourne, xvi + 172 pp.
*D'Almeida, R.F. (1965). ''Catalogo dos Papilionidae Americanos''. Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. São Paulo, Brasil.
*Rothschild, W. and Jordan, K. (1906). A revision of the American Papilios. ''Novitates Zoologicae'' 13: 411-752. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21926#page/8/mode/2up online] (and as pdf) (Facsimile edition ed. P.H. Arnaud, 1967).
==External links==
* [http://www.butterfliesofamerica.com/L/t/Protesilaus_molops_a.htm Butterflies of the Americas] Images
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3407978}}
[[Category:Papilionidae]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of Brazil]]
[[Category:Papilionidae of South America]]
[[Category:Butterflies described in 1906]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Walter Rothschild]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Karl Jordan]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of Colombia]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of Ecuador]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of Peru]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of Bolivia]]
[[Category:Lepidoptera of Guyana]]
[[Category:Fauna of Suriname]]