View source for Qatanna

{{Distinguish|Qatana, Syria}}
{{pp-extended|small=yes}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Qatanna
| translit_lang1          = Arabic
| translit_lang1_type     = [[Arabic script|Arabic]]
| translit_lang1_info     = {{lang|ar|قطنّه}}
| translit_lang1_type1    = [[Latin script|Latin]]
| translit_lang1_info1    = Qatanaa (official)<br />Qatna (unofficial)
| type                    = [[Municipality (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality type C]]
| image_skyline           =
| image_caption           =
| pushpin_map             = Palestine#West Bank
| pushpin_map_caption     = Location of Qatanna within [[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
| pushpin_label_position  = top
| image_map               =
| map_caption             =
| coordinates             = {{coord|31|50|6|N|35|7|20|E|region:PS|display=inline,title}}
| grid_name               = [[Palestine grid|Palestine&nbsp;grid]]
| grid_position           = 160/136
| subdivision_type        = State
| subdivision_name        = [[State of Palestine]]
| subdivision_type1       = [[Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Jerusalem Governorate|Jerusalem]]
| established_title       = Founded
| established_date        =
| government_footnotes    = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| government_type         = [[Municipality (Palestinian Authority)|Municipality]]
| leader_title            =
| leader_name             =
| unit_pref               = dunam
| area_footnotes          =
| area_total_km2          = 3.6
| area_total_dunam        = 3555
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| population_footnotes    =<ref name="PrelimCensus2017">{{cite report |date=February 2018 |title=Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 |url=https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf |department=[[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]] (PCBS) |publisher=[[State of Palestine]] |pages=64–82 |access-date=2023-10-24}}</ref>
| population_total        = 6981
| population_as_of        = 2017
| population_note         =
| population_density_km2  = auto
| blank_name_sec1         = Name meaning
| blank_info_sec1         = p.n.; confer [[Hebrew language|Heb]] קָטָן "little"<ref>Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/297/mode/1up 297]</ref>
| website                 =
| footnotes               =
}}
'''Qatanna''' ({{langx|ar|قطنّه}}) is a [[State of Palestine|Palestinian]] town in the central West Bank part of the Jerusalem Governorate, located 12&nbsp;km. northwest of [[Jerusalem]]. According to the [[Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics]], the town had a population of 6,981 inhabitants in 2017.<ref name="PrelimCensus2017" /> Primary health care for the town is level 2.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Sa.nsf/luFullMap/BB0D1D0CC89A371F8525706F00517495/$File/healthinforum_HLT_westbank_opt110205.pdf?OpenElement |title=West Bank Healthcare |access-date=2016-05-24 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20060313002206/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Sa.nsf/luFullMap/BB0D1D0CC89A371F8525706F00517495/$File/healthinforum_HLT_westbank_opt110205.pdf?OpenElement |archive-date=2006-03-13 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref>
==Geography and land==
Qatanna has an elevation of 650 meters above sea level. Nearby towns and villages include [[Biddu, Jerusalem|Biddu]] to the east and [[Beit Liqya]] to the north.<ref name="ARIJ">[http://poica.org/2006/06/the-effects-of-the-israeli-practices-on-the-palestinian-village-of-qatanna/ The effects of the Israeli practices on the Palestinian village of Qatanna], 22 June 2006, POICA</ref> [[Khirbet Kefireh]] is located just north of Qatanna.
==History==
In the Roman and Byzantine periods, Qatanna was home to extensive settlement including agricultural institutions, roads, and many burial caves.<ref>Nagorsky, 2008,
[http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=774&mag_id=114  Nahal Kefira, Survey]</ref>
===Ottoman era===
Incorporated into the [[Ottoman Empire]] in 1517 with all of Palestine, Qatanna  appeared in the 1596 Ottoman [[daftar|tax registers]] as being in the ''[[Nahiya]]'' of Quds of the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|Liwa]]'' of [[Al-Quds|Quds]]. It had a population of 12 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, olives, occasional revenues,  goats and/or beehives.<ref name=Hutteroth>Hütteroth and  Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 113</ref>
In 1838 ''Katunneh'' was noted as a Muslim village, part of ''Beni Malik'' district, located west of Jerusalem.<ref>Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/124/mode/1up 124]</ref>
In 1863, the French explorer [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to have 250 inhabitants,<ref>Guérin, 1868, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongog01gu#page/283/mode/1up  283]</ref> while an Ottoman village list of about 1870 showed that  ''Kattane''  had a population of 300, in 57 houses, though the population count included only men. It was also noted that it was located north of [[Abu Ghosh]], in the ''Beni Malik'' district.<ref name=Socin>Socin, 1879, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/156/mode/1up 156]</ref><ref>Hartmann, 1883, p. [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n926/mode/1up  118],   noted 75 houses</ref>
In 1883, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described it as a "small village  in a deep, narrow, rocky valley, surrounded by fine groves of olives and vegetable gardens."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/17/mode/1up 17]</ref>
In 1896 the population of ''Katanne'' was estimated to be about 351 persons.<ref>Schick, 1896, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde19deut#page/n232/mode/1up  125]</ref>
By the beginning of the 20th century, residents from [[Qatanna]] settled [[Khirbat al-Buwayra]], establishing it as a dependency – or satellite village – of their home village.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Marom |first=Roy |author-link=Roy Marom |date=2022 |title=Lydda Sub-District: Lydda and its countryside during the Ottoman period |url=https://www.academia.edu/79946175/Lydda_Sub_District_Lydda_and_its_countryside_during_the_Ottoman_period_%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%93_%D7%95%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%97%D7%91_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%91%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA |journal=Diospolis – City of God: Journal of the History, Archaeology and Heritage of Lod |volume=8 |pages=124}}</ref>
===British Mandate era===
In the [[1922 census of Palestine]] conducted by the [[Mandatory Palestine|British Mandate authorities]], Qatanneh had a population 633, all Muslims.<ref name=Census1922>Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p.  [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n17/mode/1up  15]</ref> In the [[1931 census of Palestine|1931 census]] it was counted with [[Nitaf]], together they had 875 Muslim inhabitants, in 233 houses.<ref name="Census1931">Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas   42]</ref>
In the [[Village Statistics, 1945|1945 statistics]] Qatanna had a population of 1,150, all Muslims,<ref name=1945p25>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. [http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p25.jpg  25]</ref>  with 9,464 [[dunam]]s of land, according to an official land and population survey.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in  Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jerusalem/Page-058.jpg  58]</ref> Of this, 1,829 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 1,603 used for cereals,<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in  Hadawi,  1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jerusalem/Page-104.jpg  104]</ref> while 32 dunams were built-up (urban) land.<ref>Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. [http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jerusalem/Page-154.jpg   154]</ref>
===Jordanian era===
In the wake of the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]], and after the [[1949 Armistice Agreements]], Qatanna came  under [[Jordanian annexation of the West Bank|Jordanian rule]].
After the 1948 war, much of Qatanna's land area was designated as "no-man's land" forming a part of the Demilitarized Zone between the armistice lines of Israeli and Jordanian territory.<ref name="ARIJ"/>
In the early 1950s, some people from Qatanna moved to [[Jerusalem]] after hearing about empty homes in the then-depopulated [[Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)|Jewish Quarter]] of the [[Old City of Jerusalem|Old City]], joining [[Palestinian refugees]]. As a result, although Qatanna itself was not occupied or depopulated in 1948, some of its residents now live in the [[Shu'fat Camp|Shu'fat Refugee Camp]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Abu Haneya |first=Halim |date=2023 |title=The Intertwined History of Shu‘fat Refugee Camp in Jerusalem: The Making of Refugees |url=https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/1653830 |journal=Jerusalem Quarterly |issue=93 |pages=39}}</ref>
In 1961, the population of Qatanna was 1,897.<ref>Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. [http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p24.pdf 24]</ref>
===Post-1967===
Since the [[Six-Day War]] in 1967, Qatanna has been under [[Israeli occupation of the West Bank|Israeli occupation]]. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 1,594, of whom 151 were refugees.<ref name=67census>{{cite web |url=http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/1967_census/vol_1_tab_2.pdf |title=The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version |author=Perlmann, Joel |date=November 2011 – February 2012 |website=[[Levy Economics Institute]] |access-date=24 January 2018 }}</ref>
Currently, the town has a total land area of 3,555 [[dunam]]s, of which 677 dunams are designated as built-up area. After the 1995 [[Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip]], civil administration of 716 dunams of Qatanna's land (including the built-up zone) was transferred to the [[Palestinian National Authority]].<ref name="ARIJ"/>
Qatanna contains three schools, three kindergartens, three clinics, a pharmacy and a medical center run by the [[Palestinian Red Crescent]]. There is also a sport's club and a women's center in the town. Qatanna is governed by a village council and [[Ramallah]] serves as the town's main urban provider. Four springs – al-Balad, as-Samra, an-Nimr and an-Namous – provide water for the town. The latter spring is completely isolated from the town by the [[Israeli West Bank barrier]].<ref name="ARIJ"/>
36 dunums were confiscated from Qatanna for the [[Israeli settlement]] of [[Har Adar]], built in 1986.<ref>[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Qatanna_Vp_En.pdf Qatanna Town Profile], p. 17.  ARIJ</ref>
====Enclave====
Qatanna along with [[Biddu, Jerusalem|Biddu]], [[Beit Duqqu]], [[Beit Sirik|Beit Surik]], [[Beit 'Anan]], [[Al-Qubeiba, Jerusalem|al-Qubeiba]], [[Beit Ijza]], [[Kharayib Umm al Lahimand]], and [[At-Tira (Ramallah)|at-Tira]] form the "Biddu enclave". The enclave will be linked to Ramallah by underpasses and a road that is fenced on both sides. From the "Biddu enclave" Palestinians will travel along a fenced road that passes under a bypass road to [[Bir Nabala]] enclave, then on a second underpass under Bypass Road 443 to [[Ramallah]].<ref>[http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/ochaHU0605_En.pdf OCHA] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051112041506/http://www.humanitarianinfo.org/opt/docs/UN/OCHA/ochaHU0605_En.pdf |date=November 12, 2005 }}</ref>
== Demography ==
=== Local origins ===
As per local tradition, the residents of Qatanna are said to have originally come from [[Hebron]], then lived in [[Marda, Salfit|Marda]], and eventually established themselves in Qatanna around the 18th century.<ref>Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in '''Shomron studies'''. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 355</ref>
Both [[Mordechai Nisan]] and [[Tsvi Misinai]] cite stories that claim that although the people of Qatanna practice Islam today, they are originally of Jewish ancestry.<ref name="Nisan10">{{Cite book |last=ניסן |first=מרדכי |title=ישראל במזרח: מסע תרבותי ומדיני באסיה |publisher=הוצאת ספרים ראובן מס |year=2010 |isbn=978-965-09-0286-5 |location=ירושלים |pages=93 |language=Hebrew |trans-title=Israel in the East: A Cultural and Political Journey in Asia |author-link=Mordechai Nisan}}</ref><ref name="Misinai14">{{Cite book |last=מסיני |first=צבי |title=ההתחברות: בעית ארץ ישראל שורשיה ופתרונה |publisher=ליעד |year=2014 |edition=18 |pages=125 |language=Hebrew |author-link=Tsvi Misinai}}</ref>
==See also==
*[[Khirbet Kefireh]]
==References==
{{Reflist|25em}}
==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book | editor =Barron, J.B. | title = Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 |url=https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922 |publisher = Government of Palestine | year = 1923}}
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|author-link1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|author-link2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1883|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite book | title = First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population | author = Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics | year = 1964|url=http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics, April, 1945 |url=http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390|author=Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics|year=1945}}
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongog01gu|volume=1: Judee, pt. 1|year=1868|publisher= L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=fr}}
*{{cite book|title=Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine|url=http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html|first=S.|last=Hadawi|author-link=Sami Hadawi|year=1970|publisher=Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center}}
*{{cite journal | last = Hartmann | first =M.| author-link = Martin Hartmann | title = Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)  | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 6 | pages = 102–149 | url =https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ | year = 1883}}
*{{cite book | last1= Hütteroth  |first1=W.-D.|author-link1=Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth |first2=K. | last2=Abdulfattah |author-link2=Kamal Abdulfattah| title = Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ  | year = 1977 | publisher = Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft|isbn= 3-920405-41-2}}
*{{cite book | editor = Mills, E. | title = Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas |url=https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas | publisher = Government of Palestine | location = Jerusalem | year = 1932}}
*{{cite journal|last= Nagorsky|first=Alla |date= 2008-04-15 |url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=774&mag_id=114 |title=  Nahal Kefira, Survey|publisher=Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel |number=120}}
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}}
*{{cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=E.|author-link1=Edward Robinson (scholar)|last2=Smith|first2=E.|author-link2=Eli Smith|year=1841|url=https://archive.org/details/biblicalresearch03robiuoft |title=Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838|  location=Boston|publisher=[[Crocker & Brewster]]|volume=3}}
*{{cite journal | last = Schick | first =C.| author-link = Conrad Schick | title = Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 19 | pages = 120–127 | url =https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut | year = 1896}}
*{{cite journal | last = Socin | first =A.| author-link = Albert Socin | title = Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem | journal = Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins | volume = 2 | pages = 135–163 | url = https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut | year = 1879}}
{{Refend}}
==External links==
*[http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Qatanaa_1485/index.html Welcome To Qatanaa]
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 17: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8379  IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.17.jpg Wikimedia commons]
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/factsheet/Qatanna_EN.pdf Qatanna Town (Fact Sheet)],   [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem]] (ARIJ)
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/vprofile/Qatanna_Vp_En.pdf Qatanna Town Profile], ARIJ
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/images/english/Qatanna_ap_en.jpg Qatanna  aerial photo], ARIJ
*[http://vprofile.arij.org/jerusalem/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Qatanna.pdf Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Qatanna], ARIJ
*[http://poica.org/2000/07/a-dangerous-precedent-in-qatanna-village/ A Dangerous Precedent in Qatanna Village], 15/07/2000, POICA
{{Jerusalem Governorate}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Jerusalem Governorate]]
[[Category:Towns in the West Bank]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the State of Palestine]]